THE PARASITES OF PSEUDOCOCCUS COMSTOCKI KUW

1933 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Compere
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Pseudococcus Comstocki

Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana is classed among the injurious mealy-bugs. It attacks a wide range of host plants. So far it has become abundant in the United States only in certain states east of the Mississippi River. In Connecticut it has received the name catalpa mealybug, because of its injuriousness to that plant. It is recorded as attacking many food-producing plants, but so far it has not been rated as a serious pest of any commercial crop plants. P. comstocki has been recorded from California by G. F. Ferris, where it was taken on Monterey pines growing on the campus of Stanford University. Ferris also records this mealybug from a number of host plants, including citrus, collected in Japan by Dr. Kuwana. A lookout has been kept for the appearance of P. comstocki in southern California, as it is considered to be a potential pest of citrus.

On the Occurrence and Significance of Heterodera schachtii infesting certain Weeds

1929 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie J. Triffitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Important Means

Since the discovery of the plant-infesting nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871, many infections of this nematode occurring in different countries on a wide range of host-plants have been studied. Owing to the serious agricultural losses occasioned by this pest, efforts have been made, both in Europe and in the United States, to determine the range of plants which are susceptible to infection. Lists of plants susceptible and non-susceptible to attack have been drawn up by various workers, and these have comprised not only plants of economic importance, but also weeds which might serve as an important means of propagating the parasite. The abundance of contradictory evidence which appears in these lists is only explicable by Steiner's (1925) exposition of the hypothesis of biological or physiological strains. This work serves to emphasise the importance of crop rotation as a means of combating the parasite, more particularly when the nematode population constitutes a monophagous strain, i.e., one which has become highly specialised upon a single hostplant and has lost the power of readily attacking other species. Where a polyphagous strain occurs, the range of non-susceptible plants which can be used in the course of the rotation is greatly diminished, and, in such cases, the weeds occurring on the infected land may add an important complicating factor to the problem of eradicating the pest.

Biology of the Red Clover Thrips, Haplothrips niger (Osborn) (Thysanoptera: Phloeothripidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Loan ◽  
F. G. Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Potential Pest

The red clover thrips, Haplothrips niger (Osb.), was first recorded from the state of Iowa and described by Osborn in 1883 under the name Phloeothrips nigra. The species hns since been collected and observed in many parts of the United States, southern Canada, and Europe. It wils reported in New England and recognized as a potential pest of red clover by Muggeridge (1933). Minute and very active, the adult insect is glossy black in contrast to the nymphal stages, which are bright red. In Minnesota, common host plants are alsike clover, Trifolium hybridum L., and red clover, T. pratense L.

The Politics of Precaution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Certainty ◽  
European Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Milk Hormones

This book examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990 global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? This book takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. The book traces how concerns over such risks—and pressure on political leaders to do something about them—have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. The book explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

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