scholarly journals TRICHOGRAMMA PRETIOSA, RILEY: COLOUR VARIATION IN THE ADULT, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arsene Girault
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum

In the original description of this insect, * Dr.Riley says that on account of its uniform pale yellow colour it is easily distinguished from Trichogramma minutum, Riley, which is black. Unfortunately, this does not hold.† Out of the hundreds of specimens of pretiosa reared during the enire season of 1904, at Paris, Texas, from the eggs of Heliothis obsoleta, Fabricius, there appeared from a lot of host eggs on Sept. 20th a number of dark individuals, which could easily have been mistaken for a distinct species.

scholarly journals IX. On the constitution of the resins

1839 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Relative Composition ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Higher Temperature

The object of the investigation, of which the present paper forms a part, is 1. To determine the relative composition of the various resins which occur in nature. Possessing so many properties in common, this large family of natural productions ought also to present many analogies in constitution. 2. To ascertain how far they may be considered as derivatives from one common radical; and 3. Whether it is possible to represent them all by one or more general formulæ. I. Resin of Mastic. Mastic resin is said to be obtained from the Pistacea lentiscus , and to be produced chiefly in the island of Chios. It occurs in drops or tears, which are transparent, and of a pale yellow colour. It melts at 212°, and emits a peculiar and not unpleasant odour. Fused in a retort it gives off an acid liquid in small quantity. If the heat be raised to 300° Fahr. and upwards, the melted mass froths up, and water and acid vapours are evolved. At a higher temperature a pale yellow liquid distils over very slowly, at first of the consistence of oil, but increasing in thickness as the process proceeds, water and acid being also given off during the whole process. What remains in the retort is of a black colour, and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

scholarly journals II. Chemical examination of the fluid from the peritoneal cavity of the nematode entozoa

1865 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Offensive Odour

Some time ago Dr. Cobbold sent me a quantity of fluid which he had extracted from about seventy perfectly fresh specimens of the Ascaris megalocephala of the horse, and he requested me to make an analysis of it. I most willingly availed myself of this unusual opportunity of ascertaining the composition of this fluid, the sample procured by Dr. Cobbold being fortunately large enough for the purpose. The analysis of this fluid is interesting as showing that its composition is similar to that of juice of flesh in the higher animals, and consequently that the process of assimilation occurs in these worms much in the same way as in those animals where the organs of digestion and circulation are perfectly developed. It also shows that a fluid similar to that existing in muscular tissue is apparently elaborated by the intestines of the Ascarides , while in the higher animals this fluid is formed from the blood. The fluid was turbid, of a pale yellow colour, and emitted an offensive odour, although not of decomposition.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.—NO. VII

1894 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Van Duzee
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Black Band

1. Idiocerus Amœmus, n. sp.Allied to I. suturalis, but smaller. Female of a uniform pale yellow colour, pronotum and scutellum tin gedwith fulvous or ferruginous, the former with a spot behind the inner angle of each eye and a median vitta, pale. Mesonotum with a black band bordering the scutellum, at least posteriorly; extreme tip of scutellum yellow. Elytra hyaline very slightly tinged with fulvous, becoming smoky toward the apex; nervures pale yellow. Wings hyaline, highly iridescent. Eyes rufous. Oviduct ferruginous.

Diopatra (Onuphidae: Polychaeta) from intertidal sediments in southwestern Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3395 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIAN FAUCHALD ◽  
SARAH KOSTING BERKE ◽  
SARAH ANN WOODIN
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Intertidal Sediments

Intertidal populations of Diopatra from Spanish, Portuguese and French Atlantic beaches have traditionally been identified as D. neapolitana. This species is present, mainly in Spain and Portugal. However, at least some French beaches are occupied by a distinct species, D. biscayensis, here described as new. In addition, in Portugal and Spain, a third species, here described as new, D. cryptornata, will also key out as D. neapolitana using standard keys, but is morphologically distinct. The three species can be separated not only on traditional characters, but also on obvious differences in anterior morphology not usually considered in descriptions. The French habitats now occupied by D. biscayensis, previously had populations of D. neapolitana alone as documented by collections in the Paris Museum made by Quatrefages and Saint-Joseph in the mid-late 1800s. Diopatra marocensis has recently been reported from Atlantic waters, from both intertidal and subtidal areas. Since this species can be confused with the three species named above, a partial re-description based on paratype material is included here. Finally, a fifth species, D. micrura, has recently been described from the area and is here briefly characterized based on the original description. A key to all five species has been constructed.

Leucogyrophana (Aphyllophorales): identification of species

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1953-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ginns
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
New Synonymy

The basidiocarps of nine species are described and the cultural characters are presented for six species. All have pale yellow spores and hyphae with clamp connections and primarily occur on coniferous wood where they are associated with a brown rot. Leucogyrophana arizonica and L. romellii are proposed as new species. Merulius pulverulenta Fr. is transferred to Leucogyrophana. New synonymy is proposed following the study of type specimens and several names previously regarded as synonyms are shown to apply to distinct species.

The systematics of the south-east Asian genus Fangensis Rambla (Opiliones:Cyphophthalmi:Stylocellidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Schwendinger ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
New Material ◽  
Three New Species

The hitherto monotypic opilionid genus Fangensis Rambla, 1994 is re-evaluated from new material collected in northern, western and southern Thailand. The original description of F. leclerci Rambla (type material not traceable) was based on specimens belonging to at least three distinct species. Fangensis leclerci is thus redefined and the binomen restricted to specimens from a cave in northern Thailand only. Three new species are described, F. spelaeus, sp. nov. and F. cavernarus, sp. nov. from two caves in western Thailand and F. insulanus, sp. nov. from forests on two islands in southern Thailand. Taxonomic characters are discussed and relationships among Fangensis species and between Fangensis and other cyphophthalmids are evaluated using morphological data and ~4 Kb of molecular data from three loci, two nuclear ribosomal genes and a mitochondrial coding gene. Overall, data indicate monophyly of Stylocellidae and morphological and ribosomal data suggest monophyly of Fangensis, which is in turn divided into two clades, one composed of the three species from northern and western Thailand and the other represented by the species from southern Thailand. Observations on mating in F. leclerci are provided.

Palladium arsenide-antimonides from habira, Minas Gerais, Brazil

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (305) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clark ◽  
A. J. Criddle ◽  
E. E. Fejer
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Powder Pattern ◽  
Weak Anisotropy ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Polysynthetic Twinning ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

SummaryThe arsenopalladinite concentrates from Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil, have been found to contain three arsenide-antimonides of palladium, namely arsenopalladinite, atheneïte, and isomertieite. The second and third of these are new minerals.Arsenopalladinite, redefined, is Pd5(As,Sb)2 and triclinic with a 7·399, b 14·063, c 7·352 Å, α 92° 03′, β 118° 57′, γ 95° 54′. Z = 6. Dmeas = 10·4, Dcalc = 10sd46. In reflected light arsenopalladinite is white with a yellowish creamy hue. The mineral shows complex polysynthetic twinning and is strongly anisotropic. Reflectance measurements at 470, 546, 589, and 650 nm respectively gave: in air, 46·67–48·86, 49·97–52·90, 52·82–54·96, and 55·61–57·72 in oil, 32·30–35·07, 37·12–39·40, 38·97–41·32, and 40·28–43·07. VHN100 379–449, av. 407.Atheneïte, (Pd, Hg)3As, is hexagonal, space group P6/mmm and cell dimensions a 6·798, c 3·483 Å. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are 2·423 vvs (111) , 2·246 vs (201), 1·371 s (212), 1·302 s (302), 1·259 s (321). Z =2. Dcalc = 10·16. In reflected light atheneïte is white with a faint bluish tint compared to arsenopalladinite. Anisotropy distinct. Untwinned. Reflectivities for the two grains examined are: in air, 470 nm 47·51–54·75, 47·43–51·18; 546 nm 50·79–58·01, 51·36–54·36; 589 nm 53·13–61·01, 53·24–55·86; 650 nm 55·94–63·13, 54·76–56·77; in oil, 470 nm 30·03–43·67, 33·46–37·31; 546 nm 33·42–47·75, 37·64–41·07; 589 nm 35·80–49·04, 39·40–42·24; 650 nm 38·25–50·49, 41·07–42·85. VHN100 419–442, av. 431.Isomertieite, (Pd,Cu)5(Sb,As)2, is cubic, space group Fd3m, a 12·283 Å. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are 2·356 vs (333, 511), 2·167 vvs (440), 0·8599 s (10.10.2, 14.2.2), 0·8206 s (12.8.4), 0·7996 s (10.10.6, 14.6.2), 0·7881 s (999, 1.11.1, 13·7·5, 15·3·3), 0·7801 s (12.10.2, 14.6.4). Z = 16. Dcalc = 10·33. In reflected light isomertieite is a pale yellow colour. One grain was isotropic, three others displayed weak anisotropy. Untwinned. Reflectance measurements at 470, 546, 589, and 650 nm gave respectively: in air, 44·74–46·46, 52·23–53·25, 55·05-57·49, 56·97–62·03; in oil, 31·04–31·40, 38·42–38·90, 40·80–42·16, and 42·91–45·63. VHN100 587–597, av. 592.Quantitative colour values are also given, and the chemical and optical properties are compared with the related mineral, stibiopalladinite.

scholarly journals Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-470
Author(s):  
Karan Bisht ◽  
Sonali Garg ◽  
A. N. D. Akalabya Sarmah ◽  
Saibal Sengupta ◽  
S. D. Biju
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northern Species

We rediscovered two species of toads, Bufo stomaticus peninsularis and Bufo brevirostris, which were described from Peninsular India 84 and 101 years ago, respectively, but have not been reported since. Because the name-bearing types of both species are either damaged or lost, we provide detailed redescriptions, morphological comparisons, and insights into phylogenetic relationships with closely related members of the genus Duttaphrynus sensu lato, based on new material from the type locality of each species. We clarify and validate the identity of D. brevirostris, which was rediscovered from multiple localities in the Malenadu and adjoining coastal regions of Karnataka. We also demonstrate that Bufo stomaticus peninsularis, which was considered a synonym of Duttaphrynus scaber, is a distinct species. Bufo stomaticus peninsularis differs from Duttaphrynus scaber morphologically and genetically, and is more closely related to members of the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group. We also clarify the identity of the namesake species of the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group, which is reported widely in India and neighbouring countries, but lacks sufficient taxonomic information due to its brief original description and reportedly untraceable type material. We located and studied the complete syntype series of D. stomaticus, probably for the first time in over a century, and we report on the status of available specimens, provide detailed description of a potential type, compare it to related species, and clarify the species’ geographical range. Our molecular analyses suggest that D. stomaticus is minimally divergent from, and possibly conspecific with, D. olivaceus. Our analyses also clarify its relationship to the closely-related D. peninsulariscomb. nov., with which it was previously confused. Finally, our study provides other insights into the phylogenetic relationships and genetic differentiation among various species of Duttaphrynus toads.

scholarly journals Chromatic leucism in the flap shell turtle, Lissemys punctata from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
M.F. Rabbe ◽  
M.M. Alam ◽  
M.F. Jaman ◽  
M.S. Hossain ◽  
K.N.M. Sarafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Olive Green ◽  
Commercial Trade

The spotted flap shell turtle, Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789) has a distribution in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. In Bangladesh, this species is widely distributed throughout the freshwater wetlands and the low-lying floodplains, coastal islands, and hill districts. This species is listed in CITES (Appendix II) and protected by Bangladesh Wildlife Conservation & Security Act 2012 (Schedule II), where commercial trade is strictly prohibited. Lissemys punctata has an oval and domed carapace with olive-green colour spotted by dark yellow blotches. The head is also olive green often with yellow blotches, whereas the plastron is whitish or pale yellow. The colour of this species may vary depending on its habitat and defence strategy. Colour aberration in animals may occur due to a lack of melanin. Golden yellow colour aberration (chromatic leucism) is rare in animals, especially in turtles. This might be because of the absence of melanin in the outer dermis. The presence of high xanthophores and yellow pteridine pigments in the skin are also responsible for the golden yellow colour aberration.

scholarly journals Excessive proliferation of new dinoflagellate generic names: the case of Torquentidium (Ceratoperidiniaceae, Dinophyceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphometric Character ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lsu Rrna Gene ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excessive Proliferation ◽  
High Support

New genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates represented by a single or very few species have largely increased in the last two decades. An example is the new genus name Torquentidium H.H. Shin, Z. Li, K.W. Lee & Matsuoka 2019 (Shin et al. , Eur. J. Phycol . 54: 249-262) recently proposed for species that were transferred into Pseliodinium in 2018. The SSU- and LSU rRNA gene sequences of the type species of Pseliodinium and Torquentidium only differed by 0.3% and 2%, respectively, and they clustered together as a monophyletic group with high support. Based on these tree topologies and/or the sequence divergences, each dinoflagellate species would be classified in its own genus. The morphological character proposed to distinguish Pseliodinium and Torquentidium is that the cingulum encircled the cell 1 and 1.5 times, respectively. This kind of arbitrary numeric morphometric character, proposed one century ago, is currently considered invalid for the generic split of unarmoured dinoflagellates. For example, Polykrikos geminatum (with ~1.5 cingular turns) clusters between species of Polykrikos (1 turn). Within the Ceratoperidiniaceae, the arrangement of the amphiesmal vesicles in apical structure complex was used for distinction at the genus level (i.e., Kirithra ), while this character is identical for Pseliodinium and Torquentidium . For the first time, an unarmoured dinoflagellate genus contains species with smooth cell covering ( T. convolutum , T. helix ) and species with longitudinal striae ( T. pirum ). However, the original description as Gymnodinium pirum in 1895 erroneously illustrated two distinct species, and since then nobody has ever reported surface markings in T. pirum . The morphological and molecular criteria used for the split of Torquentidium from Pseliodinium are unsupported, contributing to the excessive proliferation of monotypic genera. Torquentidium pirum and T. convolutum are synonyms, and Torquentidium is a superfluous generic name and junior synonym of Pseliodinium .

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