scholarly journals THE LABELING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS

1898 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Charles Stevenson

During a visit to Great Britain a few years ago I looked over a numbered of the Entomological collections in the public Museums there. The specimens in them were labeled so as to show the order, sub-order, and family that they belonged to and their individual scientific names. with few exceptions there were no records of their geographical distribution, and when information of habitation was given it was of a wide nature, as North America, Asia, or Europe. Data of seasonal appearance or date of capture were entirely absent. Since then I have foudn that many collections on this side of the Atlantic are in the same condition, and private collections in particular. That such information should be wanting, especially in a public collection, is to be regretted; for however beautifully mounted, classified and correctly named the specimens may be, they are of little paractical value. The biological student gets no more information than he would form any entomological publication containing plates, unless it be the identification of some rare insect. The reasont that public collections are lacking in such data is because they have been built up from donations or by purchase – and until recent years the study of insects rarely consisted of more than collecting, mounting, naming, and placing in classified order. This can be remedied by the present-day collector, professional or amateur.

Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. Hosts: Pinus and Ribes. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China (Shensi), India (N.W.), Iran, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, USSR (Siberia), EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Tranzschel; Kuprevich & Tranzschel loc. cit.), (Ukraine), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meria laricis Vuill. Hosts: Larch (Larix). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, USSR, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, USSR (Ukraine, Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Mori and Tatar ASR, Moscow, Leningrad and Voronezh), NORTH AMERICA, Canada (B.C.), United States (Pacific N.W.) (Idaho).


Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella oxyacanthae, which sometimes causes lesions on leaves of Crataegus laevigata. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan [Kyrgyzstan], Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan oblast, Kursk oblast, Saratov oblast, Stavropolskyi krai, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine)) and hosts (Phoma macrostoma, Crataegus ambigua, C. beckeriana, C. chlorocarpa, C. curvisepala [syn. C. kyrtostyla], C. laevigata [syn. C. oxyacantha], C. macracantha, C. microphylla, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. pinnatifida, C. remotilobata, C. sanguinea, C. songarica [C. songorica], C. volgensis, and Crataegus sp.).


Author(s):  
S. Diamandis

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizosphaera pini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abies balsamea, A. cephallonica, A. fraseri, A. grandis, A. pectinata, A. veitchii, Pinus sp., Tsuga diversifolia, also possibly Picea abies. DISEASE: Needle blight of firs. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan), Europe (Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy), North America (Canada, USA). TRANSMISSION: Not known.


Author(s):  
D. Brayford

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wide range. At IMI there are records on: Asparagus, Camellia, Cocos, Cordylina, Heterodera (nematode), Medicago saliva, Narcissus, Pelargonium, Picea, Pinus, Pyrus, Secale, Solanum.DISEASE: Root rotting. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia; Europe: Germany, Great Britain; North America: Canada, Honduras, USA. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy spores are probably spread by water.


Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus igniarius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on the trunks of Salix and Populus, also recorded on Acer, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Betula, Carpinus, Castanopsis, Cornus, Erythropheum, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Ostrya, Pericopsis, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhamnus and Ulmus. DISEASE: White heart rot. Causing a destructive decay of the general delignifying type. The decayed area becomes soft and white, bounded by conspicuous dark zones or black lines with an irregularly concentric arrangement. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Madagascar, Zambia); Asia (Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rumania, Sweden); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America (Nicaragua, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By airborne spores, which are continuously produced from early spring until late autumn when the temperature drops below 5°C (Riley, 1952). Spores remain viable for several months under field conditions (Iverson, 1968). Infection occurs mainly through branch wounds.


Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria purpurea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Artemisia, Betonica, Carduus, Cirsium, Cnicus, Clinopodium, Helianthus, Satureja and Senecio. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Quebec, Ontario), USA (New York). ASIA: Pakistan. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.


Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria geranii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot; necrotic spots, leading to leaf drying. HOSTS: Geranium carolinianum, G. collinum, G. columbinum, G. depilatum, G. dissectum, G. divaricatum, G. graveolens, G. lucidum, G. molle, G. nodosum, G. palustre, G. pratense, G. purpureum, G. pusillum, G. pyrenaicum, G. rectum, G. robertianum, G. sanguineum, G. sylvaticum, G. versicolor (Geraniaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Canary Is, Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: USA. ASIA: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia [www.cybertruffle.org.uk/gruzmaps/index.htm], India, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne or splash-dispersed conidia.


Author(s):  
Carolyn Eastman

Examining oratory as a dynamic, changing medium for communication during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in America and, to a lesser extent, Great Britain, this essay scrutinizes several of its most important sites of performance: religion, politics, social reform, performance, and education. In each of those arenas, oratory helped to fuel some of most exciting social and political changes of the era by reconceptualizing ideas about the relationship between leaders and the public, the notion of rhetorical persuasion, and the importance of public opinion. An exceptionally interdisciplinary set of scholarship on the subject has done much to invigorate the study of oratory in recent years, and yet this field lacks an intellectual center from which scholars might move beyond individual studies to conceptualize the larger significance of oratory across all sites of performance.


Author(s):  
D. Brayford

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia, Alfalfa, Apium, Camellia, Ceanothus, Fragaria, Gerbera, Grevillea, Lupinus, Lycopersicon, Malus, Phaseolus, Picea, Pinus, Prunus, Pseudopanax, Rubus, Saintpaulia, Solanum, Viola, Vitis, nematodes, soil. DISEASE: Root rots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Tanzania; Asia: India, Iran; Australasia: Australia, New Zealand; Europe: Cyprus, France, Italy, Great Britain, .Norway, Poland: North America: Canada, USA (California, Utah). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy spores are probably spread by water.


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