Susceptibility of cranberry girdler to entomopathogenic nematodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Simard ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Chrysoteuchia Topiaria

The cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the most important sod webworm species attacking turfgrasses in Quebec, Canada (Simard 2001). Unlike other webworms, the cranberry girdler is rarely observed on grass blades but feeds on the crowns and roots in the thatch. Biopesticides based on a nematode–bacterium complex appear to hold promise as a means of controlling turfgrass insect pests, particularly those that colonize the thatch and the first few centimetres of soil (Potter 1998), such as the cranberry girdler (Georgis and Hague 1991). Our objective was to assess the susceptibility of the cranberry girdler to entomopathogenic nematodes. In the laboratory, we determined the LC50 values for four nematode species and evaluated the effect of contact time on host mortality.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Economic Dipteran Fruit Flies to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Samir Tawfik Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Highly Virulent

The present review article demonstrates laboratory and field evaluations of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against different developmental stages of fruit flies. The virulence of the EPNs  differed clearly  even on the same insect species and / or by the same nematode species. Such differences might be attributed  to some reasons such as the method of treatment as well as the concentrations of the tested nematodes. Fruit flies are among the most important insect pests infesting vegetables and fruits causing considerable losses in the yields worldwide. In laboratory studies, the tested nematodes proved to be highly virulent to larvae as  percentage of  mortality may reach 100 %.  As for treated pupae, at different ages, the results are variable and controversially; some studies revealed their moderate or high susceptibility to nematode infection and others indicated low susceptibility or resistance to infection .Treated adults, or those emerged from treated larvae or pupae,  are also susceptible to infection.  In semi-field and field trials, EPNs proved to be successful for reducing the populations of some fruit flies with up to 85 % at concentrations not less than 100 infective juveniles (IJs) / cm2 of soil. However, the field applications of commercial EPNs have been recommended to be 2.5 – 5 x 109 IJs / ha (25-50 IJs/cm2 of soil).

scholarly journals Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Susurluk ◽  
T. C. Ulu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 °C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF METARHABDITIS LONGICAUDATUS (NEMATODA: RHABDITIDAE) WITH THREE NEW RECORDS FROM SINDH, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Tabassum Ara Khanum, Salma Javed, Nasir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
New Records ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Tail Spike ◽  
First Time

Many rhabditid nematodes like Metarhabditis belonging to the bacteriophage group are considered to be necromenic associates of insects and used to be facultative entomopathogenic nematodes or as biocontrol agents. These nematodes can be safely used against insect pests of different crops and vegetables. In the present study, nematode specimens of new and known species were collected from different areas of Sindh and isolated from soil samples by baiting technique using last instar Galleria mellonella. One new nematode species Metarhabditis longicaudata n. sp. and three new records of M. adenobia, M. amasactae, and M. rainai (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) were found from Sindh. M. longicaudata n. sp. differed from the species of the genus Metarhabditis by having long un-covered tail spike. It was also characterized by a large sized male 1286 (1154-1325) µm; longer male tail 69.5 (62-76) µm; longer spicule 43 (40-46) µm; leptoderan bursa; longer gubernaculum 27 (20-34) µm. The female was also of large size of 1507 (1366-1684) µm with larger tail 102 (94-112) µm and longer pharynx 231 (206-265) µm. The genus Metarhabditis is reported for the first time from Sindh, Pakistan. 

Entomopathogenic nematodes: A tool in biocontrol of insect pests of vegetables-A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Nath
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Identification Technique

Biological control agents have become increasingly important component in integrated pest management programme. Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective biological control agents for many important insect pests of vegetable crops. Therefore entomopathogenic nematodes are gaining attention in the field of biocontrol research worldwide. With the development and improvement of isolation and identification technique many novel species and strains have been utilized for management of several insect pests. This review aims to explore the potentiality of entomopathogenic nematode species against economically important insect pest of vegetables in India as well as in other countries.

scholarly journals Potential of in vivo- and in vitro-cultured entomopathogenic nematodes to infect Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0242645
Author(s):  
Francois du Preez ◽  
Antoinette Paula Malan ◽  
Pia Addison
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully applied as biological control agents against above ground and soil stages of insect pests. However, for commercial application, it is crucial to mass culture these nematodes using in vitro liquid culture technology, as it is not attainable when using susceptible insects as hosts. Lobesia vanillana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is regarded a sporadic pest of wine grapes in South Africa. The in vivo- and in vitro-cultured South African EPNs, Steinernema yirgalemense and Steinernema jeffreyense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), were evaluated against larvae and pupae of L. vanillana in laboratory bioassays. For larvae, high mortality was observed for all treatments: In vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense (98%) performed better than S. jeffreyense (73%), while within in vivo cultures, there was no difference between nematode species (both 83%). No significant difference was detected between in vivo- and in vitro cultures of the same nematode species. The LD50 of the in vitro-cultured S. yirgalemense, was 7.33 nematodes per larva. Mortality by infection was established by dissecting L. vanillana cadavers and confirming the presence of nematodes, which was > 90% for all treatments. Within in vitro cultures, both S. yirgalemense and S. jeffreyense were able to produce a new cohort of infective juveniles from L. vanillana larvae. Pupae, however, were found to be considerably less susceptible to EPN infection. This is the first study on the use of EPNs to control L. vanillana. The relative success of in vitro-cultured EPN species in laboratory assays, without any loss in pathogenicity, is encouraging for further research and development of this technology.

Potential of controlling insect pests of corn using entomopathogenic nematodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Riga ◽  
J. Whistlecraft ◽  
J. Potter
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Corn Borer

A series of experiments was performed in the laboratory and in the greenhouse to assess the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema glaseri or S. feltiae in decreasing the numbers of European corn borer, fall armyworm, western corn rootworm and the seedcorn maggot in corn. Both nematode species effectively controlled the four insect pest species. During greenhouse experiments, the number of plants protected with entomopathogenic nematodes against these insect pests was significantly higher than in the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained in a microplot study of corn infected with the European corn borer, the western corn rootworm and the seedcorn maggot. The application of a single nematode species against several insect pests has economic advantages. In addition, both S. glaseri and S. feltiae overwintered and survived in the field until the next growing season. Key words: Entomopathogenic nematodes, sweet corn, European corn borer, fall armyworm, seedcorn maggot, western corn rootworm

Cranberry Girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 1101-1101
Author(s):  
Beata Gabrys ◽  
John L. Capinera ◽  
Jesusa C. Legaspi ◽  
Benjamin C. Legaspi ◽  
Lewis S. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Chrysoteuchia Topiaria

scholarly journals Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lara ◽  
Cláudia Dolinski ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Rogério Figueiredo Daher
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Search Capability

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are currently being used as successful biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests. Previous field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that application techniques and non-biotic factors (temperature and pressure) have a significant effect on EPNs efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an irrigation spray application system on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juveniles (IJ). Two assays were proposed. Their viability was evaluated under the microscope after the IJ passed through the irrigation system. Infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae, and host search capability, as evidenced by larval mortality, were evaluated in containers (Experiment 1). In the field (Experiment 2), mortality of G. mellonella larvae was evaluated under different nematode concentrations (0, 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 IJ per tree). No differences were recorded on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of the IJ in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, differences were recorded among the different concentrations used (p < 0.05), and a higher mortality was observed at the highest nematode concentration (28.3% and 37% in each one of the two experiment repetitions). This irrigation system did not affected adversely the viability, infectivity and host search capability of H. baujardi LPP7.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN (RHABDITIDA: Steinernema DAN Heterorhabditis) SEBAGAI MUSUH ALAMI NON-ENDEMIK PENGGEREK BATANG PADI KUNING (Scirpophaga incertulas)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Chaerani Chaerani ◽  
Bebet Nurbaeti
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Rice Stem Borer

Efficacy Tests of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida:  Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) as Non-endemic Natural Enemies of Yellow Rice stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is a chronic insect pests of irrigated rice and difficult to control.  Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are promising biological control agents for this pest as their infective juveniles (IJs) are capable of seeking and infecting insect living in moist, cryptic habitat such as galleries created by stem borer larvae. Thirteen indigenous and exotic Steinernema and Heterorhabditis sprayed to rice seedlings in laboratory with nematodes at concentrations of 0.5 or 2.0×104 IJs ml-1 water caused larval mortality between 7–93%.  Further test in greenhouse on nematodes that had >50%  efficacy showed that an indigenous isolate, H. indicus INA H17, was the most effective among the tested nematodes in killing larvae or pupae (78%).  Reduction in plant damage caused by the insects could not be demonstrated as the trials was limited to potted plants. The survival ability of nematodes on rice plants was evaluated by using INA H4 as an example. A low percentage of INA H4 IJs (0.5%) persisted in inner leaf sheath until 7 days post application, while IJs on leaf surface and outer leaf sheath survived only until 2 and 48 hours post application, respectively. Improvement of application strategies including repeated spray, addition of antidessicant and adjusment of spray volume and application at damage threshold or plant critical period are deemed necessary to enhance nematode efficacy and reduce plant damage in the field.

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