Acoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrellita Lorier ◽  
M. Dolores García ◽  
M. Eulalia Clemente ◽  
Juan José Presa
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Tape Recorder ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Acoustic Behavior ◽  
In Captivity

AbstractThe sounds produced by Metaleptea adspersa (Blanchard 1843) were recorded in captivity with an analogical tape recorder. The signal was digitized in the laboratory and studied with a software. Three types of sound were described: copulation, rivalry, and crepitation. All three sounds were produced only by males. The frequency of the sounds occupied a broadband, from 3–4 to 16 kHz, although the main peak frequency for each type of song differed. We also studied the structures involved in sound production. Copulation and rivalry songs were produced by the rubbing of the subcostal, radial, medial, and cubital 1 veins of the hind wing against the subcostal and radial veins of the tegmen; the enlarged cubital area of the hind wing acted as a resonator. Crepitation sound was produced by the cubital area of hind wing when its expanded membrane became taut.

Sound Production By the Cod (Gadus Callarias L.)

Behaviour ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien M. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cryptic Coloration ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Aggressive Male ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMale and female cod greater than 37 cm. in total length were heard to produce a low grunting sound in captivity. The sound has a peak frequency of about 50 cycles per second, and a duration of about one fifth of a second. The swimbladder shows features which would increase its value as a sound producing organ if vibrated by the drumming muscles attached to it, but this drumming could not be produced by electrical stimulation of recently killed cod. Cod in captivity most frequently produced sounds in February and March associated with spawning and from September to November when the fish were very aggressive. Sounds associated with spawning increased in frequency after sunset but at other times of the year the sounds ceased at dusk. Grunting sounds made during the threat display of aggressive male and female cod were intimidating if produced within about six inches of the threatened fish. In the spawning season grunts were only made by the males and were used with aggressive behaviour to remove immature females and less vigorous males from the vicinity of dominant males. Grunts accompanied the courtship display of the male and stimulated the female to respond more adequately to the display and to swim upwards to spawn. Males mistakenly mounted by other males grunted and broke up the pairing. Sounds were produced by cod frightened by strange objects, when startled or when fleeing from aggressive cod or a natural predator (Conger conger). Severely frightened cod assumed a cryptic coloration, pressed down on the bottom and were silent even when strongly stimulated. Electrical stimulation of living cod caused some grunts, usually with signs of fear. Grunts accompanying choking were assumed to be involuntary. Aggression with the production of sounds was not used in competitive feeding but stimulation by food increased the frequency of aggressive behaviour after a short delay. Cod rarely grunted when stroked and did not produce sounds at temperatures below 4° C. Cod in a new environment were usually silent.

scholarly journals Description and comparison of Philippine hornbill (Bucerotidae) vocalizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Guerra ◽  
Juan Carlos Gonzalez ◽  
Emmanuel Francisco Rafael
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Minimum Frequency ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Bioacoustic Analysis ◽  
Frequency Maximum

The role of vocalisation for the Philippine hornbills' ecology and speciation and their implication in understanding speciation is not well understood. We described and compared recorded calls of seven hornbill taxa in captivity namely Mindanao Wrinkled hornbill (Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus), Rufous-headed hornbill (Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni), Luzon Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax hydrocorax), Samar Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax semigaleatus), Mindanao Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis), Mindanao Tarictic hornbill (Penelopides affinis), Samar Tarictic hornbill (Penelopides samarensis), Visayan Tarictic hornbill (Penelopides panini) and Luzon Tarictic hornbill (Penelopides manillae), as well as comparison with the non-native Papuan hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus). Vocalisation analysis included call duration, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, bandwidth and peak frequency. For each species in the sample, the mean and standard deviation were used to calculate the Cohen’s d statistic by using an effect size calculator. Results showed that the effect size for minimum frequency was small for P. panini vs. P. samarensis and B. hydrocorax vs. B. h. mindanensis. However, bandwidth, duration, minimum frequency, maximum frequency and peak frequency have large effect sizes for the rest of the allopatric species pairs. Hornbills' conspicuous resonating calls are sufficiently quantifiable for bioacoustic analysis and may provide new insights for their taxonomic review.

Sound production and hearing in the blue cracker butterfly Hamadryas feronia (Lepidoptera, nymphalidae) from Venezuela

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (24) ◽  
pp. 3689-3702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Yack ◽  
L.D. Otero ◽  
J.W. Dawson ◽  
A. Surlykke ◽  
J.H. Fullard
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Conspecific Male ◽  
Nerve Branch ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
Hearing Organ

Certain species of Hamadryas butterflies are known to use sounds during interactions with conspecifics. We have observed the behaviour associated with sound production and report on the acoustic characteristics of these sounds and on the anatomy and physiology of the hearing organ in one species, Hamadryas feronia, from Venezuela. Our observations confirm previous reports that males of this species will take flight from their tree perch when they detect a passing conspecific (male or female) and, during the chase, produce clicking sounds. Our analyses of both hand-held males and those flying in the field show that the sounds are short (approximately 0.5 s) trains of intense (approximately 80–100 dB SPL at 10 cm) and brief (2–3 ms) double-component clicks, exhibiting a broad frequency spectrum with a peak energy around 13–15 kHz. Our preliminary results on the mechanism of sound production showed that males can produce clicks using only one wing, thus contradicting a previous hypothesis that it is a percussive mechanism. The organ of hearing is believed to be Vogel's organ, which is located at the base of the forewing subcostal and cubital veins. Vogel's organ consists of a thinned region of exoskeleton (the tympanum) bordered by a rigid chitinous ring; associated with its inner surface are three chordotonal sensory organs and enlarged tracheae. The largest chordotonal organ attaches to a sclerite positioned near the center of the eardrum and possesses more than 110 scolopidial units. The two smaller organs attach to the perimeter of the membrane. Extracellular recordings from the nerve branch innervating the largest chordotonal organ confirm auditory sensitivity with a threshold of 68 dB SPL at the best frequency of 1.75 kHz. Hence, the clicks with peak energy around 14 kHz are acoustically mismatched to the best frequencies of the ear. However, the clicks are broad-banded and even at 1–2 kHz, far from the peak frequency, the energy is sufficient such that the butterflies can easily hear each other at the close distances at which they interact (less than 30 cm). In H. feronia, Vogel's organ meets the anatomical and functional criteria for being recognized as a typical insect tympanal ear.

scholarly journals Low β2 Main Peak Frequency in the Electroencephalogram Signs Vulnerability to Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Claverie ◽  
Chrystel Becker ◽  
Antoine Ghestem ◽  
Mathieu Coutan ◽  
Françoise Camus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Main Peak

Numerical investigation of geometrical parameters on the hydrodynamic noise characteristics of submerged bodies and comparisons with experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022096224
Author(s):  
Sertaç Bulut ◽  
Selma Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Square Cylinder ◽  
Side Ratio ◽  
Cylinder Diameter ◽  
Hydroacoustic Measurements

The effects of the geometrical parameters on the hydroacoustic characteristics of the flow over rectangular, square and circular cylinders are investigated by numerical analyses and experiments. The numerical simulations are carried out by using a hybrid method which combines RANS with FWH equation. In order to validate the numerical results, the hydroacoustic measurements are also performed for the circular cylinders. The circular cylinders with diameters of 9.5, 19.0, 38.0 and 65.0 mm and aspect ratios of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 are employed for the hydroacoustic measurements and analyses. The rectangular cylinders with side ratios of 0.3, 0.6, 1.8 and 3.0, and also square cylinder with the side ratio of 1.0 are considered in hydroacoustic analyses. The Reynolds numbers are in the range of 2.25 × 104 and 1.7 × 105. The hydroacoustic characteristics of the cylinders are obtained to be completely different due to the differences in the shear layer separation, reattachment mechanism and the intensity of disturbance. The shape of the noise spectrum significantly changes with the geometrical shapes of the cylinders. The spectrum becomes narrower by an increase in the side ratio. The main peak frequency reduces when the side ratio increases. The highest value of the maximum sound pressure level, SPLmax are observed for the square cylinder and the lowest value for the rectangular cylinder with the side ratio of 0.6. The peak spectrum becomes like a line spectrum as the cylinder diameter decreases. The main peak frequency decreases when the cylinder diameter increases but it is almost constant with the aspect ratio. At the constant Reynolds number, the broadband noise level and SPLmax decrease with an increase in the cylinder diameter and decrease in the aspect ratio. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental results are obtained.

Variation in echolocation calls of Hipposideros amiger during habituation to a novel, captive environment

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
Y.G. Shao ◽  
L.J. Tan ◽  
Z.F. Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Great Leaf ◽  
Frequency Pulse

Animals alter their behaviour during habituation to novel environments. Echolocating bats exhibit remarkable flexibility in their acoustic signals to sense diverse microhabitats. Previous studies have described intra-individual variation in echolocation calls of bats in different environments, but few studies have systematically quantified these changes in detail. We investigated variation in echolocation call structure of the great leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger during habituation to a novel, captive environment. Echolocation calls of free-ranging bats were recorded in the natural habitat and in captivity over a three-week period. We found that bats exhibited significant changes in some call parameters following introduction to the novel captive environment, and some parameters changed continuously over time. We observed plasticity in peak frequency, pulse duration and pulse rate during the captive period. This suggests that variation in echolocation calls of bats in response to a novel captive environment is a progressive process, during which bats adjust echolocation call structure to habituate gradually to their surroundings.

GAIT SPECTRAL ANALYSIS: AN EASY FAST QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250041 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASHAR SARBAZ ◽  
FARZAD TOWHIDKHAH ◽  
SHAHRIAR GHARIBZADEH ◽  
AYYOOB JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frequency Components

At present, there is no quantitative test to definitely diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). For this purpose, we computed the power spectra of stride and swing signals of normal persons and patients. The evaluation of power spectra in stride on normal group shows that the main peak of the frequency range is in the range of 0.018 to 0.02 Hz. In contrast, the main peak frequency is different in different PD patients. Our studies on swing signal and its power spectra show that there is a significant difference between the amplitude of frequency components between normal and PD groups. Patients show power spectra amplitude even more than 10 times that of normal patients. The clinical data were obtained from http://www.physionet.org. For measuring time intervals, force sensors were used in the plantar portion of the foot. Power spectra of left stride, right stride, and left swing were computed. Frequency domain of power spectra was divided into 10 parts and then the surface area under each part was calculated. We used artificial neural network for classification of these groups. The clinical data was divided into two parts, training and test sets. An accuracy of 93.75% was obtained during training. The test data was used for validation of the classifier and an accuracy of 92.86% was obtained. The proposed classifier may be used as a tool for helping the clinicians to diagnose PD. Surely the final diagnosis should be obtained by an expert neurologist.

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