VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT OF IPS LATIDENS AND IPS PINI (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) BY SEMIOCHEMICAL INTERRUPTION

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Ips Latidens ◽  
Management Tactics

AbstractThe effect of semiochemical interruptants was examined for Ips latidens (LeConte) and Ips pini (Say) using artificial trees (tall-traps) consisting of an array of seven Lindgren multiple-funnel traps suspended vertically on a rope ladder. S-(+)-Ipsdienol reduced the numbers of I. latidens captured in (±)-ipsenol-baited funnel traps relative to funnel traps immediately above them and to control tall-traps. The combination of (±)-exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol reduced the numbers of I. pini captured in (±)-ipsdienol-baited funnel traps relative to funnel traps immediately above them and to control tall-traps. These results provide support for semiochemical-based pest-management tactics that utilize a point source of interruptant at the base of a tree while noting limitations in behavioural effects and efficacy.

E-MYRCENOL: A NEW PHEROMONE FOR THE PINE ENGRAVER, IPS PINI (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Miller ◽  
G. Gries ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Forest Pest Management ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractE-Myrcenol reduced catches of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), to ipsdienol-baited, multiple-funnel traps in a dose-dependent fashion. The sex ratio was unaffected by E-myrcenol treatments. Lures containing E-myrcenol in ethanol solution failed to protect freshly cut logs of lodgepole pine from attack by I. pini. Rather, I. pini preferentially attacked logs treated with devices releasing E-myrcenol and ethanol, over nontreated, control logs. Our results demonstrate that E-myrcenol is a new pheromone for I. pini, and emphasize the importance of understanding basic pheromone biology before utilisation of a semiochemical in forest pest management.

Estimation of a point source wavelet in elastic media

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kagansky ◽  
Dan Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Hankel Transform ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Wavelet Estimation ◽  
Acoustic Media ◽  
Correct Estimate

A new method of wavelet estimation in elastic or acoustic media is presented. The method is based on the simple procedure of weighted summation of seismic traces for all the distances of source‐receivers, with a horizontal offset r as a weight. The model treated consists of a homogeneous elastic (or acoustic) layer with the free surface above and a half‐space below. The Lamé parameters and the density of the half‐space can be any function of the depth. A P‐wave point source operates in the layer, and the vertical displacement field or the vertical particle velocity field (or the pressure in the acoustic case) is measured by two horizontal lines of receivers located at two depth levels in the same layer. To obtain the wavelet‐estimation algorithm, the Fourier‐Hankel transform of the field is used. It is shown that there are two possibilities of data measuring: (1) when both the lines of the receivers are below the source and (2) when one of the lines is above the source. Numerical examples show that the proposed method gives a correct estimate of the source wavelet.

Second-level integrated pest management in commercial apple orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy ◽  
Daniel R. Cooley ◽  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
William M. Coli
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Management Tactics

AbstractAs historical background helpful to understanding current concepts and practices of apple pest management, we review the origin and rise of key pests of apple in North America and the evolution of approaches to their management, culminating with the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). We propose four levels of integration of orchard pest management practices. First-level IPM integrates chemically based and biologically based management tactics for a single class of pests, such as arthropods, diseases, weeds or vertebrates. Second-level IPM, the focus of our effort here, integrates multiple management tactics across all classes of pests. We describe components of second-level IPM for Massachusetts apple orchards, which are threatened each year by an exceptionally broad range of injurious pests. We illustrate the tentative advantages and shortcomings of second-level IPM using 1993 data from six commercial orchard test blocks. Our predominant approach was to use chemically based tactics for controlling arthropods, diseases and weeds early in the growing season, and afterwards to rely exclusively (for insects) or largely (for other pests) on biologically based tactics, such as cultural, behavioral, and biological controls. Compared with nearby first-level IPM blocks, insecticide use in 1993 was reduced substantially (about 30%), with only slightly more insect injury to fruit and little difference in populations of foliar insect pests. The results for mite pests and diseases were less encouraging although summer pruning significantly reduced disease injury caused by flyspeck. We discuss how second-level IPM poses special biological or operational challenges to apple pest management practitioners. The concept has merit, but refinements are necessary before it can be recommended broadly to commercial apple growers in Massachusetts as an economical and reliable alternative to first-level IPM.

scholarly journals The Future of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be a Better Entomologist or Pay for Someone Who Is

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
David Headrick
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Management Tactics

Insect pest management in certified organic production systems presents considerable challenges for growers. The Federal National Organic Program (NOP) guidelines list acceptable tactics, but their effective use requires a considerable knowledgebase in entomology. The range of tactics allowed by the NOP are viewed as limiting by many growers and there are important elements missing from the list such as pest monitoring and identification. Educational programs must consider utilizing instructional methods and additional means of outreach that introduce new pest management tactics that are individualized, regionally appropriate and emphasize grower adoption and collaboration with local professionals. This review describes the challenges and knowledge burden associated with the listed NOP pest management guidelines, provides an educational model that includes an additional level of professional support for enhanced adoption of novel pest management tactics, or refinement of current practices, with a special emphasis on the importance of insect pest population monitoring.

scholarly journals Using Long-term Capture Data to Predict Trogoderma variabile Ballion and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) Population Patterns

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Gerken ◽  
James Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Flour Mill ◽  
Trogoderma Variabile ◽  
Management Tactics

Insects can infest facilities that house and process post-harvest grains and grain-based products. Integrated pest management tactics rely on tracking insect populations and using this information to select and target management tactics. Our ability to predict when and where to best focus treatment relies on an understanding of long-term trends, but often any available monitoring data are limited in its duration. Here we present data collected over a 10-year period at a flour mill in the central part of the United States. Using traps placed both inside and outside a flour mill and baited with pheromone-lures for Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), Indianmeal moth, and Trogoderma variabile Ballion, warehouse beetle, we examine environmental and spatial variability in insect captures. We find that both species, inside and outside the mill, are highly influenced by seasonal patterns, with peaks of insect captures during the warm season (April through September). There is also consistency across time and space in trap capture for P. interpunctella with traps in an open location consistently capturing high numbers of insects. In contrast, T. variabile lacked consistency in trap capture but were most often not found in the same trap locations as P. interpunctella. Fumigations conducted within the facility appeared to have little impact on insect captures inside, with dynamics appearing to be driven more by broader seasonal patterns in activity. These data and analyses suggest that there is a larger population of these insects that are readily moving in and out of the structures, while fumigation treatments are only impacting a small portion of the overall population and tactics targeting immigration may be an important addition to the pest management program.

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