TARSONEMID MITE ASSOCIATES OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF D. FRONTALIS

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Moser ◽  
Jorge E. Macías-Sámano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractSeven species of mites (Acari: Tarsenomidae) were associated with two local outbreaks of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, in Chiapas, Mexico; three of these species were new records for Mexico and Central America. The morphology and phoretic behavior of these mites differed little between the western and southern populations from the United States. One major difference was that the hyperphoretic ascospores of the southern pine beetle mycangial fungus, Ceratocystiopsis sp. (Ophiostomataceae), were common in sporothecae of Tarsonemus krantzi Smiley and Moser (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Tarsonemus ips Lindquist in Chiapas, Mexico, whereas the ascospores of the blue stain fungus, Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. and P. Sydow (Ophiostomataceae), were rare; this situation in the southern United States is reversed. The paucity of behavioral and morphological differences between the two southern pine beetle populations and the relevant historical climatology suggest that the appearance of D. frontalis in the southern United States may be a recent event.

APPLICATION OF ELIMINADE™ PARASITOID FOOD TO BOLES AND CROWNS OF PINES (PINACEAE) INFESTED WITH DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Stephen ◽  
Lloyd E. Browne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pine Beetle

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is native to pine forests of the southern United States. We describe here techniques for enhancing parasitoid efficacy by direct feeding of parasitoid adults. Our recent research suggests that feeding by female adult D. frontalis parasitoids is important for increased longevity (Mathews and Stephen 1997, 1999; Stephen et al. 1997), and we documented that, with parasitoid feeding, egg resorption decreases and development of new immature eggs increases (Hanano 1996). We suspect that food for D. frontalis parasitoids, in the form of nectar, pollen, or honeydew, is not always available in the forest. We are developing a commercial D. frontalis control strategy based on this assumption.

scholarly journals The Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
And Control

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is the most destructive insect pest of pine in the southern United States. This 8-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez and Jiri Hulcr and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Entomology and Nematology describes the beetle and includes advice on how to monitor for them and strategies for their prevention and control. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in333

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

Response of loblolly pine to different inoculum doses of Ceratocystis minor, a blue-stain fungus associated with Dendroctonus frontalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Inducible Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Infection and invasion by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and its associated fungi stimulate the inducible defense system of loblolly pine and result in production of a hypersensitive-like lesion around the affected tissue. The length of the lesion stimulated by inoculation is not related to the amount of inoculum introduced into the tree, even with an eightfold difference. The extent of the response is greater with large inoculum doses, but that is likely to be a function of initial inoculation wound size.

THE EFFECT OF THE FUNGI CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT, CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT VAR. BARRASII TAYLOR, AND SJB 122 ON REPRODUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was studied in the laboratory to determine the influence of associated fungi on its reproduction. First-generation (P) surface-sterilized beetles associated with mycangial fungi (Ceratocystis minor [Hedgecock] Hunt var. barrasii Taylor or SJB 122) constructed more galleries and laid more eggs, at faster rates, than P beetles not associated with these mycangial fungi. No significant differences occurred among non-surface-sterilized P beetles associated with the phoretic blue staining fungus Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt and mycangial fungi or among progeny of P beetles (F1 generation) carrying mycangial fungi. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles produced more eggs at a greater density than non-surface-sterilized beetles associated with blue stain, but gallery length and the rate of construction were not different. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles laid more eggs and constructed galleries faster than surface-sterilized beetles that carried no mycangial fungi. The re-emergence rate of beetles was fastest for P beetles associated with C. minor and significantly slower for fungus-free P beetles, P beetles carrying only mycangial fungi, and F1 beetles, respectively. The F1 generation emerged fastest when associated with both mycangial fungi and slowest when associated with SJB 122, and C. minor var. barrasii or no fungus, respectively. This study employed a successful new rearing technique for isolating specific southern pine beetle/fungal associations.

scholarly journals Weak spatial-genetic structure in a native invasive, the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), across the eastern United States

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11947
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Garrick ◽  
Ísis C. Arantes ◽  
Megan B. Stubbs ◽  
Nathan P. Havill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Pine Beetle

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, is a native pest of pine trees that has recently expanded its range into the northeastern United States. Understanding its colonization, dispersal, and connectivity will be critical for mitigating negative economic and ecological impacts in the newly invaded areas. Characterization of spatial-genetic structure can contribute to this; however, previous studies have reached different conclusions about regional population genetic structure, with one study reporting a weak east-west pattern, and the most recent reporting an absence of structure. Here we systematically assessed several explanations for the absence of spatial-genetic structure. To do this, we developed nine new microsatellite markers and combined them with an existing 24-locus data matrix for the same individuals. We then reanalyzed this full dataset alongside datasets in which certain loci were omitted with the goal of creating more favorable signal to noise ratios. We also partitioned the data based on the sex of D. frontalis individuals, and then employed a broad suite of genotypic clustering and isolation-by-distance (IBD) analyses. We found that neither inadequate information content in the molecular marker set, nor unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio, nor insensitivity of the analytical approaches could explain the absence of structure. Regardless of dataset composition, there was little evidence for clusters (i.e., distinct geo-genetic groups) or clines (i.e., gradients of increasing allele frequency differences over larger geographic distances), with one exception: significant IBD was repeatedly detected using an individual-based measure of relatedness whenever datasets included males (but not for female-only datasets). This is strongly indicative of broad-scale female-biased dispersal, which has not previously been reported for D. frontalis, in part owing to logistical limitations of direct approaches (e.g., capture-mark-recapture). Weak spatial-genetic structure suggests long-distance connectivity and that gene flow is high, but additional research is needed to understand range expansion and outbreak dynamics in this species using alternate approaches.

The role of oleoresin flow in the induced response of loblolly pine to a southern pine beetle associated fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Tisdale ◽  
T Evan Nebeker ◽  
John D Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Induced Reaction

The influence of total resin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on initial inoculation of the blue stain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., a fungal associate of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)), was investigated. Resin flow of trees was mechanically manipulated so that it followed the same pattern of decrease and near cessation as seen in trees successfully attacked by southern pine beetle. There were also intermediate treatments where resin flow was allowed to recover. The fungus was inoculated into holes drilled to the xylem surface and allowed to grow for a specified time period. The lesion that formed as a result of the induced reaction was then measured and compared with lesions formed in trees for which resin flow was not manipulated. The experiment was conducted three times in 1993 and 1994 and twice in 1995. It was hypothesized that with decreased resin flow, O. minus would be less inhibited and that growth would be greater before being stopped by the induced reaction. It was found that longer lesions occurred in trees where wounding was prolonged and resin flow was decreased below that of control trees. Mixed results were obtained for trees in intermediate wounding treatments.Key words: oleoresin, blue stain fungus, defenses, bark beetles, induced reaction, Dendroctonus.

scholarly journals Blue-stain Fungi Associated with Roots of Southern Pine Trees Attacked by the Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Otrosina ◽  
Nolan J. Hess ◽  
Stanley J. Zarnoch ◽  
Thelma J. Perry ◽  
John P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Forty paired plots were established from eastern Texas to Alabama to study root-infecting, blue-stain fungi in southern pine stands undergoing southern pine beetle (SPB) attack. Woody roots were sampled in plots undergoing recent or current attack by the SPB. Comparisons were made between occurrence of Leptographium spp. and related fungi and data on various characteristics of natural stands and plantations studied. Three fungal species, L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and Ophiostoma ips, along with unidentified Leptographium and Graphium species, were isolated from sampled roots. L. terebrantis was isolated more frequently from SPB-attacked plots (P < 0.001) than was either L. procerum or O. ips. More blue-stain fungal species and related genera were isolated from SPB-attacked plots than from control plots (P < 0.001). This also was true for combined isolation percentages of L. terebrantis, L. procerum, and O. ips (P = 0.03). Presence of blue-stain fungi also was associated with higher stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.045). Isolation frequencies of O. ips and L. procerum, along with the combination of these fungal species with L. terebrantis, were logistically related to increasing stand basal area in the control plots (P = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). No logistic relationship was found for frequency of any of the three blue-stain species with respect to basal area in SPB-attacked plots. These results suggest blue stain fungi are important in the dynamics of susceptibility of southern pines to SPB attack.

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