SPECIES DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION OF DUNG BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA) ASSEMBLAGES IN NORTH AMERICA

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Lobo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
North America North ◽  
Foreign Species

AbstractData from 18 studies carried out on dung beetles from temperate North America (north of 25 ° latitude) are compared to verify the existence of some geographical pattern in the variation of three parameters: (1) species number, (2) taxonomic composition, and (3) number of introduced species. Southern localities are characterized by a larger number of species and a significantly higher number of scarabaeine species than northern localities (only southern communities located inside the Chihuahuan desert do not conform to this pattern). To explain the latitudinal pattern in faunistic composition and number of species, historical factors are postulated. Foreign species of the tribe Aphodiini seem to be more frequent in the northern localities where more aphodiine native species occur. In contrast, foreign species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are not more frequent in the southern localities with a greater number of native scarabaeine species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the more diverse assemblages of native dung beetle are more resistant to invasion by foreign species.

scholarly journals INDEX TO THE MANTIDÆ OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO

1896 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
The West ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
North America North

In 1889, Westwood, in the Synopsis of the then known Mantidæ, prefixed to his Revisio insectorum familiæ Mantidorum, credits to North America, north of Mexico, nine species belonging to five genera,— Gonatista, Oligonyx, Thesprotia, Mantis, and Stagmomantis. several species were overlooked by him, and in reality up to the present time twenty-three nominal species have been at different times credited to this region and referred to ten genera,—Ameles, Empusa, Phasmomantis, Stagmatoptera, and Theoclytes, besides the foregoing. Several of the species, however, have been erroneously credited to this country, such as Empusa gongylodes and Mantis gemmata, both of which are East Indian. Several of the names, moreover, are synonyms of others, so that the number of species these references represent is speedily reduced more than one-half. All of these but Mantis Wheeleri Thom., Phasmomantis sumichrasti Sauss., and Oligonyx Uhleri Stal, I have seen, and to them can add several more not before recognized in the region in question, six of them being apparently hitherto undescribed, together with one genus. The total number of species is fifteen or sixteen, and of genera, eleven, only three of the genera—Litaneutria, Stagmomantis, and Oligonyx—having more than one species; undoubtedly more forms will be found in the West and South.

scholarly journals The ant genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in western North America North of Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5061 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-248
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS B. BOOHER
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Leaf Litter Ants ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
First Time ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
North America North

Strumigenys is a globally distributed genus of mostly cryptic leaf-litter ants. In North America they are common throughout eastern deciduous forests but become increasingly rare to the west. Here I review the Strumigenys fauna of western North America north of the Mexico border including all states west of the eastern border of Texas. Six new native species with ranges entirely within this region are described: S. collinsae sp. nov., S. macgowni sp. nov., S. mendezi sp. nov., S. moreauviae sp. nov., S. lucky sp. nov., and S. subtilis sp. nov. Strumigenys ananeotes Longino & Booher 2019 is given a more thorough description, and S. alberti Forel 1893, a Neotropical species, is reported from the region for the first time. All new species bear clear morphological relationships with a native North American clade of “smithistrumiform” species. I include species accounts and provide an illustrated key for all species of this region.  

scholarly journals Using geoestatistics for assessing biodiversity of forest reserve areas

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Andréia Neves ◽  
Fábio Lemos ◽  
Antonio Paz González ◽  
Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽  
Glécio Machado Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Height Class ◽  
Superior Level

Protecting natural mosaics as forest reserves poses a challenge, because if they hold significant high levels of biodiversity, they may function as key seed sources for regenerating ecosystems and adjacent reforested areas. Currently, there is lack of information about the spatial organization of native species in core forest fragments remaining between reforested fields. Biodiversity as measured by species and number of individuals was assessed in two forest reserve zones located within reforestations of Eucalyptus sp and Pinus sp in Agudos, São Paulo, Brazil. The main objective was to compare the state of biodiversity within two natural areas with contrasting disturbance levels; a second objective was to investigate recognisable patterns of species and individuals spatial distribution. A grid-like set of plots was set up for data collection over each of the two study areas. Natural species were aggregated onto two groups using height classes, inferior level (< 0.5 m) and superior level (> 1.3 m) layers. Within each natural area the number of species and individuals of the height class > 1.3 m was counted on 50 square plots of 100 m² (10 x 10 m) whereas those of the height class < 0.5 m were counted on 250 subplots of 1 m² (1 x 1 m). Data analysis involved both statistical and geostatistical methods. Experimental semivariograms of number of species and individuals were modelled by a nugget component plus a spherical structure with autocorrelation ranging from approximately 20 to 60 m. Cross-semivariograms could also be computed and modelled in some cases. Nugget effects of both species and individual's count for inferior level were shown to be larger for small sized plots, whereas the spatially structured component increased as the plot size increased. Individual's count showed a higher continuity at close distances than species number in the superior level (> 1.3 m), and the reverse was true for the inferior level (< 0.5 m). Usefulness of kriging maps for comparing patterns of spatial variation between the two studied natural mosaics has been illustrated.

The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) in Arctic and Atarctic

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 56-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Gogorev ◽  
N. I. Samsonov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic

A floristic review of the genus Chaetoceros from Arctic and Antarctic waters is undertaken. Taxonomic composition of the Chaetoceros from the Russian Arctic seas, as well as from some regions of the Antarctic was investigated in both water column and sea ice. The genus is rather diverse in both polar regions: 55 species in Arctic and 34 ones in Antarctic. The regions differ in total number of species, number of species belonging to the subgenera Chaetoceros and Hyalochaete and to different sections. Species of the genus are often dominant and the most abundant in Arctic phytoplankton. However, the genus is not prevailing in number of the dominant species as well as in share of the total cell abundance of Antarctic phytoplankton. The importance of the species in sea ice assemblages of the Antarctic is more significant as compared with the Arctic. The Arctic is characterized by cosmopolitan species and those widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, more than half of the Chaetoceros taxa are common to all Arctic seas. The Antarctic has a high percentage of endemic Chaetoceros species. Both polar regions are similar in terms of Chaetoceros species composition mainly due to cosmopolitan species.

Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in eastern Washington state, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Eastern Washington

AbstractFor more than fifty years it has been known that mammalian faunas of late-Pleistocene age are taxonomically unique and lack modern analogs. It has long been thought that nonanalog mammalian faunas are limited in North America to areas east of the Rocky Mountains and that late-Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the west were modern in taxonomic composition. A late-Pleistocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter in southeastern Washington State has no modern analog and defines an area of maximum sympatry that indicates significantly cooler summers than are found in the area today. An earliest Holocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter defines an area of maximum sympatry, including the site area, but contains a single tentatively identified taxon that may indicate slightly cooler than modern summers.

scholarly journals THE GENUS PODISMA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1903 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
E. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Old World ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Alpine Distribution

Podisma (Latr.) is a particularly interesting genus of Melanopli, since it is the only one of that immense group that occurs in the Old World, where, indeed, it is represented by considerably more described species than it is in North America. It is also of interest from its distinctly boreal and alpine distribution, being almost peculiar to high latitudes or altitudes. It is a circumpolar genus, inhabiting the mountains and boreal parts of Europe, Asia and North America, a larger number of species having been described from Europe than elsewhere.

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