MONITORING FOR RESISTANCE TO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS, CARBAMATE, AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES IN THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.B. Kanga ◽  
D.J. Pree ◽  
J.L. van Lier ◽  
G.M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Significant Survival

AbstractDevelopment of resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides by the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), has caused great concern regarding the sustainability of peach production in Ontario, Canada. Thus, a resistance management program was implemented and a procedure was developed to monitor for resistance to insecticides in adult moths. Diagnostic concentrations needed to distinguish susceptible genotypes from resistant individuals were determined to be carbofuran (0.1 μg per vial), carbaryl (1.0 μg per vial), malathion (0.5 μg per vial), and cypermethrin (2.5 μg per vial). Significant survival of field-collected moths to diagnostic concentrations of cypermethrin suggested that resistance to pyrethroids might be widespread. The seasonal patterns of resistance of several Oriental fruit moth populations from the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario indicated a decrease in frequencies of resistance to all insecticides tested from 1996 through 1998. Resistance levels were unstable, thus suggesting that resistance could be successfully managed. Our data confirmed the usefulness of the vial test to monitor for resistance to insecticides in the adult Oriental fruit moth, and provided the basis for the development of a resistance management strategy designed to extend the efficacy of all classes of insecticides used for control.

RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH POPULATIONS (GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA) FROM THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Pree ◽  
K.J. Whitty ◽  
L. Van Driel ◽  
G.M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Wide Usage

AbstractAfter about 20 years of wide usage in integrated pest management (IPM) programs on peach in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario, populations of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), resistant to azinphosmethyl and phosmet have been selected. Resistance, as expressed in first-instar larvae, was only two- to four-fold to azinphosmethyl or phosmet, but up to 45% fruit infestations have been documented in commercial blocks. Resistance to azinphosmethyl was not well expressed in adult Oriental fruit moths. In tests with larvae, cross-resistance occurred to most other organophosphorus insecticides except acephate and chlorpyrifos. Acephate was more toxic to resistant than to susceptible larvae. Resistance was higher (> 100-fold) to the methyl carbamates carbaryl and carbofuran but was approximately fivefold to the carbamoyl oxime methomyl. Cross-resistance to pyrethroids was not observed. Tests with field-collected material, either from crosses on mating trays in the field or from pupae collected in cardboard bands attached to trees, indicated that resistance was widespread across the Niagara production area but that the resistance was not uniformly expressed at all locations. Resistance was expressed in F1 larvae from crosses of susceptible females with field-collected males, indicating that the genetic change in resistant larvae was unlikely the effect of a single recessive gene. Field tests in replicated two-tree plots and in larger (0.25–0.6 ha) plots treated with up to five applications as a season-long control program indicated that neither chlorpyrifos nor acephate were as effective as a pyrethroid (deltamethrin). The sustainability of these IPM programs and potential resistance management strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals First evidence of retained sexual capacity and survival in the pyrethroid resistant Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SA3 super-clone following exposure to a pyrethroid at current field-rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Walsh ◽  
M.T. Gaffney ◽  
G.L. Malloch ◽  
S.P. Foster ◽  
M.S. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Channel Gene ◽  
Grain Aphid

AbstractThe grain aphidSitobion avenaeis a prolific pest of cereal crops worldwide, controlled effectively with pyrethroid insecticides. However, the classic knock down resistance (kdr) mutation, L1014F on theS. avenaesodium channel gene, has been identified as the cause of the recently observed heterozygous (kdr-SR) resistance in the SA3 grain aphid super-clone. Results indicate that the kdr-SR SA3 clone can survive pyrethroid exposure above twice the normal field rate, continuing to reproduce thereafter. Additionally, the SA3 clone was found to be capable of producing sexual oviparous morphs, able to lay eggs following pyrethroid exposure. This demonstrates that possession of the L1014F mutation does not preclude the capacity to produce sexual morphs. This makes the adoption of an effective resistance management strategy imperative, within a wider integrated pest management (IPM) approach to control grain aphid.

Fluoroquinolone- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Insights from the Antimicrobial Resistance Management Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Gums ◽  
Benjamin J Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northeast Us

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections involving the bloodstream, skin and soft tissue, and lungs in hospitalized patients. These isolates are often multidrug resistant and represent a major therapeutic challenge. Objective: To explore the susceptibilities of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin, a surrogate for methicillin resistance, and the fluoroquinolones and determine whether a relationship might exist between fluoroquinolone use and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Methods: To date, 353 institutions throughout the US and Puerto Rico have enrolled in the Antimicrobial Resistance Management (ARM) Program, and data have been submitted on nearly 5 million isolates of S. aureus. Isolates submitted from 1990 through 2002 were reviewed for sensitivity to nafcillin/oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Results: From 1990 through 2002 inclusive, susceptibility to nafcillin/oxacillin nationally was 64.9% (n = 360,460), ranging from 62.2% in the North Central and Northeast US to 72.8% in the Southwest. Nationally, S. aureus isolates were more resistant to levofloxacin (41.4%, n = 123,868) than ciprofloxacin (38.7%, n = 256,178). The greatest change in susceptibility of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin and ciprofloxacin occurred concurrently from 1998 to 2002, which may implicate fluoroquinolone use with increasing rates of MRSA infection. Conclusions: Resistance to methicillin and the fluoroquinolones has increased in concert during the past 5 years. Collectively, data from the ARM Program, along with several other investigations, support a role of fluoroquinolone use in the emergence of MRSA. These observations, along with increasing resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, underscore the need for judicious use of fluoroquinolones.

Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Il'ichev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Young Shoot ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Pome Fruits

Abstract G. molesta is a serious pest of economic importance of commercial stone and pome fruits around the world. G. molesta damages peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, apples, pears, quinces and nashi (Asian pears) and can also attack and cause economic damage on other commercial fruits. In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems, which makes pruning, training and shaping the tree canopy difficult, particularly for close-planting industrial systems such as Tatura trellis. One larva can damage many shoots by tunnelling deep into young shoot tips. Larvae move to feed on the green fruits usually after shoots mature and harden. One larva can damage many fruits, particularly when fruits are located close to each other.

scholarly journals Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide resistance prevention strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. McKay ◽  
G.C. Hagerty ◽  
G.B. Follas ◽  
M.S. Moore ◽  
M.S. Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently represented in New Zealand by eight active ingredients bixafen boscalid carboxin fluaxapyroxad fluopyram isopyrazam penthiopyrad and sedaxane They are either currently registered or undergoing development in New Zealand for use against a range of ascomycete and basiodiomycete pathogens in crops including cereals ryegrass seed apples pears grapes stonefruit cucurbits and kiwifruit These fungicides are considered to have medium to high risk of resistance development and resistance management is recommended by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) in Europe Guidelines are presented for use of SDHI fungicides in New Zealand to help avoid or delay the development of resistance in the fungal pathogens that they target

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