EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF TOMATO PINWORM, KEIFERIA LYCOPERSICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE), ON GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Shipp ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
G. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Tomato Pinworm ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Inundative Releases

AbstractStudies were conducted to evaluate the ability of six commercially available species of Trichogramma to parasitize eggs of tomato pinworm (TPW), Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham), and their potential use for biological control of TPW eggs. Of the six species, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenk parasitized the most TPW eggs (40–50%). Further studies assessed the effectiveness of T. pretiosum and T. brassicae as biological control agents for TPW eggs under controlled environmental conditions which simulated conditions that could be found during the greenhouse crop production season. Trichogramma pretiosum caused significantly higher mortality of TPW eggs than did T. brassicae at all parasitoid to host egg (P:H) ratios. Mortality caused by host feeding and stinging increased significantly with increasing P:H ratios for both species. Parasitism by T. pretiosum on TPW eggs was reduced significantly and mortality caused by feeding and stinging increased significantly at 28 °C, compared with those at 20 and 25 °C. No differences were found in parasitoid-induced mortality when T. pretiosum were offered 1-, 2-, or 3-day-old TPW eggs, but parasitoid-induced mortality was reduced significantly when parasitoids were offered 4- and 5-day-old TPW eggs. Based on these trials, a P:H ratio of between 1:1 and 10:1 is recommended for inundative releases of T. pretiosum for control of TPW on greenhouse tomatoes.

The family Bombyliidae in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4590 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDI S. EL-HAWAGRY ◽  
HATHAL M. AL DHAFER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Use

Bombyliidae, also known as "Bee flies", is one of the dipteran families that have species of potential use as biological control agents, as their larvae are predators or parasitoids of eggs, larvae, prepupae or pupae of other insects. The hosts of Bombyliidae are found within six orders of insects: Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera, in addition to the arachnid order Araneae (Spiders). However, almost half of all host records are from bees and wasps (Hymenoptera). The present work provides a catalogue of bee flies (Family Bombyliidae) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Old World synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Saudi Arabian localities and dates of collection are provided. A total of 116 species belonging to 40 genera, 12 tribes and 10 subfamilies has been catalogued. Hosts and/or habitat data, where known, are given under the proper genera and/or species. Colored photographs of some species are provided.

scholarly journals Partial Characterization of Bacteriophages from Indonesia and its Potency as Biocontrol of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Desi Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
A Genome

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) of rice in rice-producing countries including Indonesia and attack rice in all stages of growth. In the advanced, crop production will be decreased by up to 50–70%. Recently, the practical efforts to overcome the problem by using resistant varieties, antibiotics, and sanitation; however, the ability of the pathogen to forms the new virulent pathotypes is noteworthy. Alternatively, the pathogen could be environmental-friendly controlled by utilizing bacteriophages as biological control agents because of their specific characteristics to their bacterial hosts. This research aimed to obtain information about the characteristic of the first isolated bacteriophages from Indonesia. The result showed that two bacteriophages had been isolated from soil in Arjasa Jember and soil in Gadingan Situbondo, namely phage XooX1IDN and phage XooX2IDN, respectively. The two phages were inactivated at 80ºC and stable at pH within the range of 6 to 8. The phage XooX1IDN has a genome size of approximately 39 kb, while phage XooX2IDN had a genome size 38 kb. Morphologically, both phages possessed the family of Myoviridae. Phage biocontrol in vitro assay showed that both phages significantly reduced the growth of BLB pathogen, indicating that both phages potentially, as biological control agents for BLB disease in rice. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals The Good, the Bad, and the Risky: Can Birds Be Incorporated as Biological Control Agents into Integrated Pest Management Programs?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Garcia ◽  
Elissa M Olimpi ◽  
Daniel S Karp ◽  
David J Gonthier
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Abstract Some bird species often benefit farmers by suppressing invertebrate crop pests, yet birds are rarely considered in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. This is likely because some bird species pose risks to farmers through crop damage, intraguild predation, and food safety concerns. Nonetheless, the benefits of some bird species on crop production are often substantial. Therefore, understanding when birds are most likely to enhance crop production (and when they are most likely to depress it) is crucial for designing effective IPM strategies. Here, we briefly review the literature on birds in agricultural systems, discuss examples of how birds can provide services and disservices to crops, examine factors that influence the net effects of birds, and discuss emerging tools that will help fill key knowledge gaps surrounding the complex roles of birds in agricultural systems.

Reduction in Aflatoxin Content of Maize by Atoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. BROWN ◽  
PETER J. COTTY ◽  
THOMAS E. CLEVELAND
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Toxigenic Strain ◽  
Aflatoxin Content ◽  
Potential Use

In field plot experiments, an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus interfered with preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn when applied either simultaneously with or one day prior to a toxigenic strain. The atoxigenic strain reduced preharvest aflatoxin contamination 80 to 95%. The atoxigenic strain was also effective in reducing postharvest aflatoxin contamination caused by both an introduced toxigenic strain and by strains resident on the kernels. The results suggest that atoxigenic strains of A. flavus may have potential use as biological control agents directed at reducing both preharvest and postharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn.

scholarly journals Nonreproductive Effects of Insect Parasitoids on Their Hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Abram ◽  
Jacques Brodeur ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja ◽  
Alejandro Tena
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Nonconsumptive Effects ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Trophic Networks

The main modes of action of insect parasitoids are considered to be killing their hosts with egg laying followed by offspring development (reproductive mortality), and adults feeding on hosts directly (host feeding). However, parasitoids can also negatively affect their hosts in ways that do not contribute to current or future parasitoid reproduction (nonreproductive effects). Outcomes of nonreproductive effects for hosts can include death, altered behavior, altered reproduction, and altered development. On the basis of these outcomes and the variety of associated mechanisms, we categorize nonreproductive effects into ( a) nonconsumptive effects, ( b) mutilation, ( c) pseudoparasitism, ( d) immune defense costs, and ( e) aborted parasitism. These effects are widespread and can cause greater impacts on host populations than successful parasitism or host feeding. Nonreproductive effects constitute a hidden dimension of host–parasitoid trophic networks, with theoretical implications for community ecology as well as applied importance for the evaluation of ecosystem services provided by parasitoid biological control agents.

Potential Use of Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) for Biological Control of Pests of Greenhouse Tomatoes

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R McGregor ◽  
David R Gillespie ◽  
Donald M.J Quiring ◽  
Mitch R.J Foisy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Potential Use

Florida’s Established Arthropod Weed Biological Control Agents and Their Targets

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
J. Howard Frank
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Fact Sheet

Around 5% of the plant species deliberately introduced into Florida for crop production and horticultural uses have invaded sensitive aquatic and terrestrial natural areas as well as improved pastures. One of the reasons they become invasive is they lack the natural enemies that limit their reproduction. Biological control reunites these natural enemies (usually arthropods) with their host plants to selectively weaken and suppress the invasive weeds. This 3-page fact sheet was written by J. P. Cuda and J. H. Frank and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in779

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of commercial entomopathogenic fungal strains on the avocado seed borer (ASB), Heilipus lauri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea P. Clavijo ◽  
Claudia M. Holguin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Avocado Seed

Abstract The avocado seed borer, (ASB) Heilipus lauri Boheman 1845 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an official quarantine pest limiting avocado production and fruit exports from Colombia to pest-free countries. To provide alternatives to manage ASB, the objective of this study was to determine the potential use of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae as biological control agents of this pest. Pathogenicity of the strains was evaluated by complete immersion of the insect in a spore solution (direct inoculation) or by insect contact with inoculated fruit (indirect inoculation). The B. bassiana strain caused higher mortality (DF = 3, F = 25.7, P = 0.0002), showing an almost eight-fold increase, 55% and 79% mortality, for both concentrations used, 2.5 × 108 spores/mL or 2.5 × 109 spores/mL, respectively. Additionally, the B. bassiana strain showed shorter median survivorship using direct inoculation (15.8 to 8.7 days), a longer delay in the feeding initiation time (50 h), and a decrease in the fruit intake (Anti-feeding index above 50) after indirect inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the pathogenicity of a commercial B. bassiana strain against ASB in Colombia.

scholarly journals Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Egg Parasitoids (Trichogrammatidae): A Laboratory Study for Their Combined Use to Control Duponchelia fovealis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Emily Silva Araujo ◽  
Alex S. Poltronieri ◽  
Carolina G. Poitevin ◽  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Species ◽  
Combined Use

The European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a key pest in strawberry production. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and parasitoids of the Trichogrammatidae family are effective biological control agents of this pest with the potential to be used jointly for improved efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum to two Beauveria bassiana strains (B2 and B3) and two commercial bioinsecticides (Bovemax® and Methamax®) by applying them to D. fovealis eggs in pre- and post-parasitism periods. Pre-parasitism application of B2 and B3 did not affect the percentage of D. fovealis eggs parasitized by either Trichogramma species, except in the case of T. atopovirilia when eggs were sprayed with B3 at 1.5 × 105 conidia mL−1 (16.7% less than the control). In contrast, eggs sprayed with 1.5 × 108 conidia mL−1 of the commercial bioinsecticides were not parasitized by any Trichogramma species. Overall, the EF tested reduced the parasitism rate, adult emergence, and longevity of Trichogramma adults by less than 30% in all cases. The adverse effects of the B. bassiana strains and commercial products on the biological traits of both Trichogramma species were minimal, meaning that these agents can be used jointly in D. fovealis control strategies.

scholarly journals Selectivity of pesticides used in rice crop on Telenomus podisi and Trichogramma pretiosum

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
José Francisco da Silva Martins ◽  
Rafael Antônio Pasini ◽  
Matheus Rakes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Selective Pesticides ◽  
Main Strategy

ABSTRACT Telenomus and Trichogramma species stand out as agents for the biological control in rice crops, and the main strategy for preserving them is the use of selective pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of pesticides used in irrigated rice crop on Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Adults of these parasitoids were exposed to dry residues of pesticides, in a completely randomized experiment, with 25 treatments (24 pesticides + control) and four replications. The insecticides clorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and diflubenzuron and the biological insecticides based on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were harmless to T. podisi and T. pretiosum. The harmless herbicides were: 2.4-D amine, profoxydim, quinclorac, ethoxysulfuron and saflufenacil. The fungicide epoxiconazole + kresoxim-methyl was also harmless to these two biological control agents. Therefore, these pesticides are indicated for the integrated pest management, in flooded rice areas.

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