LIFE CYCLE AND MORTALITY OF PISSODES TERMINALIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Langor ◽  
Daryl J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe seasonal life history and mortality of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were investigated in young lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae), at three sites in west-central Alberta. Flight was monitored with traps. Development and mortality of all stages were investigated by dissecting infested leaders biweekly from late spring to early fall. Two years were required for P. terminalis to complete its life cycle, and generations overlapped. Overwintered adults emerged from the duff and commenced flight in late May, with a peak in mid-June. Eggs were present from mid-June to late July. There were four larval instars. The first two instars fed only in the phloem. Third and fourth larval instars eventually entered the pith to continue feeding, overwinter, and complete development the following spring. The new generation of adults emerged between mid-July and early August, fed on new shoots for several weeks, and overwintered in the duff. Adults have an obligatory diapause and did not reproduce until after winter. Fourth larval instars suffered the highest mortality. The major attributable cause of mortality was resinosis among eggs and young larvae and cold temperatures during the winter among mature larvae. Pathogens caused little mortality. Six species of parasitoids were collected.

BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF EPURAEA OBLIQUUS HATCH (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON WESTERN GALL RUST

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Currie ◽  
John R. Spence ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe life cycle, phenology, and abundance of Epuraea obliquus Hatch was studied near Hinton, Alberta. Most of the life cycle occurs on galls of Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (western gall rust) infecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var latifolia Engelm.). Both adults and larvae feed on the spores of the fungus. Individuals of this beetle were found on most galls sampled. Adults overwinter in the soil. They emerge in the spring to seek out and colonize galls. Eggs are laid on the surface of galls, mainly under the periderm, and larvae feed on the fungus, developing through three larval instars. Larvae in the last instar drop from galls to pupate in the soil. Adults leave the soil in late summer and return to feed on inactive galls before overwintering in the soil. The phenology of E. obliquus is closely synchronized with the timing of rust sporulation and the impact of beetle feeding may be an important natural control of western gall rust.

scholarly journals Contributions of dynamic environmental signals during life-cycle transitions to early life-history traits in lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> Dougl.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tongli Wang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Winter Chilling

Abstract. Environmental signals are important triggers in the life-cycle transitions and play a crucial role in the life-history evolution. Yet very little is known about the leading ecological factors contributing to the variations of life-history traits in perennial plants. This paper explores both the causes and consequences for the evolution of life-history traits (i.e., seed dormancy and size) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) across British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. We selected 83 logepole pine populations covering 22 ecosystem zones of B.C. and through their geographic coordinate, 197 climatic variables were generated accordingly for the reference (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) periods. We found that dynamic climatic variables rather than constant geographic variables are the true environmental driving forces in seed dormancy and size variations and thus provide reliable predictors in response to global climate change. Evapotranspiration and precipitation in the plant-to-seed chronology are the most critical climate variables for seed dormancy and size variations, respectively. Hence, we predicted that levels of seed dormancy in lodgepole pine would increase across large tracts of B.C. in 2050s. Winter-chilling is able to increase the magnitude of life-history plasticity and lower the bet-hedge strategy in the seed-to-plant transition; however, winter-chilling is likely to be insufficient in the north of 49° N in 2050s, which may delay germination while unfavorable conditions during dry summers may result in adverse consequences in the survival of seedlings owing to extended germination span. These findings provide useful information to studies related to assessments of seed transfer and tree adaptation.

scholarly journals Contributions of dynamic environmental signals during life-cycle transitions to early life-history traits in lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> Dougl.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 14105-14138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Winter Chilling

Abstract. Environmental signals are important triggers in the life-cycle transitions and play a crucial role in the life-history evolution. Yet, very little is known about the leading ecological factors contributing to the variations of life-history traits in perennial plants. This paper explores both the causes and consequences for the evolution of life-history traits (i.e., seed dormancy and size) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) across British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. We selected 83 logepole pine populations covering 22 ecosystem zones of B.C. and through their geographic coordinate, 197 climatic variables were generated accordingly for the reference (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) periods. We found that dynamic climatic variables rather than constant geographic variables are the true environmental driving forces in seed dormancy and size variations and thus provide reliable predictors in response to global climate change. Evapotranspiration and precipitation in the plant-to-seed chronology are the most critical climate variables for seed dormancy and size variations, respectively. Hence, we predicted that levels of seed dormancy in lodgepole pine would increase across large tracts of B.C. in 2050s. Winter-chilling is able to increase the magnitude of life-history plasticity and lower the bet-hedge strategy in the seed-to-plant transition; however, winter-chilling is likely to be insufficient in the north of 49° N in 2050s, which may delay germination while unfavourable conditions during dry summers may result in adverse consequences in the survival of seedlings owing to extended germination span.

ASSOCIATION OF DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) WITH BLUE STAIN FUNGI AND YEASTS DURING BROOD DEVELOPMENT IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Pupal Chamber

AbstractThe physical association between Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. and its associated blue stain fungi Ceratocystis montia Rumb. and Europhium clavigerum Robinson and Davidson and the yeasts Pichia pini (Holst) Phaff, Hansenula capsulata Wickerham, and H. holstii Wickerham is described in single broods reared in bolts of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. Eggs just prior to hatch and first-instar larvae were always in contact with the microorganisms whereas newly laid eggs, second-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae were not. During pupation, blue stain fungi and yeasts colonized pupal chamber walls. Transfer of these microorganisms to the new generation of insects was ensured when tenerals contacted the microorganisms lining the pupal chamber. Ensured physical contact between these organisms supports the hypothesis of a symbiosis between them.

scholarly journals Life history of a secondary bark beetle, Pseudips mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Smith ◽  
A.L. Carroll ◽  
B.S. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bark Beetle Associates

AbstractPseudips mexicanus (Hopkins) is a secondary bark beetle native to western North and Central America that attacks most species of pine (Pinus L. (Pinaceae)) within its range. A pair of life-history studies examined P. mexicanus in other host species, but until now, no work has been conducted on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson). Pseudips mexicanus in lodgepole pine was found to be polygynous. Galleries were shorter, offspring smaller, and the eggs laid per niche and the potential progeny fewer than in populations from California and Guatemala. Development from the time of female attack to emergence of adult offspring took less than 50 days at 26.5 °C, and the accumulated heat required to complete the life cycle was determined to be 889.2 degree days above 8.5 °C, indicating that in the northern portion of its range P. mexicanus is univoltine. Determination of these life-history traits will facilitate study of interactions between P. mexicanus and other bark beetle associates in lodgepole pine.

Characteristics of Attack of Coastal Timbers by Pselactus spadix (Herbst) (Col.: Curc.: Cossoninae) and an Investigation of its Life History

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Oevering ◽  
A.J. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Larval Instars

Summary Pselactus spadix attack of marine timbers was characterised by circular emergence holes 1.48±0.05 mm in diameter and adult tunnels (1.49±0.34 mm) breaking through the wood surface. Larval tunnels measured 0.407–1.892 mm in diameter, initiated from adult tunnels and increased in diameter away from the adult tunnel terminating in frass free pupal chambers (1.6±0.3 mm × 3.5±0.7 mm). Observations of larval tunnel locations indicated oviposition occurred inside the adult tunnels. P. spadix life history was investigated in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) heartwood at 22±2 °C and 99±1% r.h. Mean adult longevity was 11.5±6.5 months, with mean post-mating longevity for males (11.7±2.9 months) significantly longer than for females (6.3±1.1 months). Adults of at least 2–3 months old were found mating in galleries, which, with observations of the larval tunnel pattern, indicated P. spadix can complete its life cycle without emerging from wood. Five larval instars were identified by measurement of 1722 head capsule widths and application of Dyar's law. Mean development time from 2nd instar to adult emergence was 70.5±6.9 weeks and pupation took 14.6±5.8 days. Development from 2nd instar to reproductive adult took between 17–20 months, with life cycle approximating 24 months at 22±2 °C and 99±1%

VARIATIONS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE LODGEPOLE TERMINAL WEEVIL, PISSODES TERMINALIS HOPPING (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA,

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alan Cameron ◽  
R.W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Third Instar Larva

AbstractThe lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is widely distributed in western North America on three races of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), as well as jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.), Bishop pine (P. muricata D. Don.), and Monterey pine (P. radiata D. Don.).Three types of life cycle, one with three subtypes, are identified. In the univoltine type 1 cycle, adults emerge from attacked leaders in the fall, overwinter probably in the ground, and re-emerge in the spring to lay eggs in elongating leaders. Larval and pupal development is completed by early fall. The univoltine type 2 life cycle is similar, except that overwintering takes place in leaders; fourth-instar larvae overwinter in type 2A, pupae in type 2B, and adults in type 2C. The type 3 life cycle takes 2 years to complete, with the first winter being passed as a third-instar larva in the leader and the second as an adult, probably in the ground. The type 1 life cycle is most common at altitudes < 2000 m and the type 3 life cycle at altitudes over ca. 2500 m; all types may be found at altitudes of 2000–2500 m.

Effects of cold temperatures on breakage of lodgepole pine and white spruce twigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1650-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M Lieffers ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
U Silins ◽  
L Bach
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compression Damage

Twigs from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees were bent at a range of temperatures below 0°C using a two-point bending test. This was done to determine how cold temperatures might affect twig breakage and potential shoot and foliage loss in maturing conifer stands. The bending angle necessary to cause 50% twig breakage decreased linearly with decreasing temperatures for both species. No difference in the relationship between temperature and twig breakage was evident among species. Below –13°C, all breakage was on the tension side; at warmer temperatures there was compression damage to many twigs.

THE LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE LARCH BARK BEETLE, IPS CEMBRAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN THE NORTH-EAST OF SCOTLAND

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Ips Cembrae

AbstractAn investigation of the life-history and habits of Ips cembrae (Heer) has been made at the Ord wood, Cawdor Estate in Nairnshire. The species is polygamous and has a 1-year life cycle with two broods a year. The first broods result from eggs laid in May and June, producing teneral adults in August and September, and the second arise from egg-laying in late September and early October; these second broods generally overwinter under bark in the larval and pupal stages, and the adults emerge the following spring. There are three larval instars before pupation. Maturation feeding of the young beetles and regeneration feeding of the old ones take place either under the bark where broods have developed, or by attacking fresh host trees.

scholarly journals Life History Phenology and Sediment Size Association of the Dragonfly Cordulegaster dorsalis (Odonata: Cordulegastridae) in an Ephemeral Habitat in Southwestern British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie B. Marczak ◽  
John S. Richardson ◽  
Marie-Claire Classen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Ephemeral Habitat ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
One Year

The life cycle of the dragonfly Cordulegaster dorsalis was studied over one year by systematic sampling of larvae in three intermittent headwater streams in southwestern British Columbia. We determined that larvae normally take three years to reach maturity, emerging throughout July and August. There is limited evidence suggesting a split cohort development, with early emergence after two years. Additionally, we tested whether larval instars were distributed randomly or if they occupied different sediment microhabitats. Smaller animals tend to be associated with smaller grained organic sediments, although there was high variation between the streams.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document