FEMALE SEX PHEROMONE IN KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P.S. Kuenen ◽  
D.L. Wagner ◽  
W.E. Wallner ◽  
R.T. Cardé
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Ancestral Form ◽  
Pheromone Release ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Unique Site

AbstractIn laboratory wind tunnel studies, quiescent Korscheltellus gracilis (Grote) females initiated wing fanning as light intensity was reduced to 25–11 lx at the end of a 16-h, 450-lx photophase. Males downwind of a wing-fanning female initiated wing fanning, rapid walking, or both, and upwind flight toward the female typically ensued shortly thereafter. Wing-fanning females whose abdomens had been removed, and excised hind wings of females evoked the same male responses, but females whose hind wings had been removed evoked no male response. The sex pheromone of K. gracilis evidently is released from the female’s hind wings, a so far unique site of pheromone release in female Lepidoptera. The importance of this finding to understanding the mating system of hepialids and the ancestral form of pheromone release among the Lepidoptera is considered.

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence for a female sex pheromone in porina (Wiseana copularis)

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
R.A. Allan ◽  
A. Jimenez-Perez ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis

Porina larvae (Wiseana spp.) are a pest of pasture in New Zealand. Preliminary observations of adult W. copularis in a laboratory wind tunnel revealed that female moths fan their wings during dusk just prior to copulation. Females stopped wing-fanning upon arrival of a male moth. Mating lasted two to three minutes and no multiple mating was observed. Gas chromatography analysis of the air surrounding wingfanning females showed the presence of four volatile compounds. Gas chromatography/electro-antennogram (GC-EAD) studies indicated that male antennae were strongly responsive to one of these compounds. These findings suggest that female moths release a sex pheromone to attract male moths prior to copulation.

Contextual Chemical Ecology: Male to Male Interactions Influence European Corn Borer1 Male Behavioral Response to Female Sex Pheromone in a Flight Tunnel

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-477
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Klun ◽  
Jennifer C. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Plume

The responses of European corn borer, Ostrina nubilalis (Hübner), males in a flight tunnel to sex pheromone, [11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3, Z:E)] was dependent upon the context in which the males were exposed to the stimulus. Males, held individually in isolation before being exposed to pheromone, flew upwind in the pheromone plume and landed on the pheromone source significantly more often than males caged with other males before exposure to the pheromone. When groups of males were simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromone, they responded, on a permale basis, with significantly more upwind flights to pheromone and intense behavior near the pheromone source than did males exposed to the pheromone individually. Heightened intensity of male response in group flight was independent of whether the males were individually isolated or caged with other males before being exposed to the pheromone. The enhanced behavioral output of males responding to pheromone in groups may represent an evolutionary adaptive advantage in instances where several males are simultaneously pursuing a single calling female.

Laboratory evaluation of the sex pheromone and mating inhibitor of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Pheromone Gland ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sex Pheromone Gland

AbstractThe four components of the synthesised sex pheromone of Diparopsis castanea Hmps. are dodecan-1-yl acetate (I); trans-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate (IIA); 11-dodecen-l-yl acetate (IIB); and trans-9,ll-dodecadien-l-yl acetate (IV). Increasing the proportion of IIA in a I/IIA/IIB/IV mixture progressively decreased male excitation in a laboratory bioassay, whilst in the absence of I all concentrations of IIA tested were equally inhibitory. The synthetic combination of 80% IV (93% trans: 7% cis) and 20% IIB (=dicastalure), was 485 times more potent in eliciting male activity than a female sex pheromone gland extract. Reduction in male response to crude extract occurred through exposure of males to glandular IIA and through reduced pheromone volatility caused by extracted triglycerides. Maximum quantities of pheromone were detected in the female sex pheromone gland 6–12 h into scotophase and for at least 30 min into photophase. Significantly greater bioassay responses were elicited by the optimal field combination of 80% IV and 20% IIB than for other ratios tested. Excitation and clasper extension were observed in response to the non-attractive IIB moiety and this indicates a role in close-range mating behaviour for this component. The threshold level of male response was estimated to occur in response to sex pheromone at an aerial concentration of 9·2 molecules IV mm3/s−1. This suggests that aerial concentrations of 102–103 times the male threshold response level may be sufficient to cause successful communication disruption in the field. The problems of relating the non-oriented responses in an assay of this type to directional responses in traps are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals DIEL PERIODICITY OF MALE SEX PHEROMONE RESPONSE AND FEMALE ATTRACTIVENESS IN THE GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Cardé ◽  
C. C. Doane ◽  
W. L. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
New England ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Response ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Male Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractIn field studies gypsy moth males were attracted to synthetic cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure), the female sex pheromone, and virgin females from 0900 to 2000 (Eastern Standard Time). The greatest numbers of males were lured to the synthetic attractant or the calling female from 1100 to 1500. These periods of male response are longer than reported in previous (1896 and 1932) New England investigations and suggest the possible recent evolution of a new diel rhythm of male sex pheromone response.

Female Sex Pheromone Blends and Male Response of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in Two Populations of Mainland China

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Lu ◽  
Hai-Li Qiao ◽  
You-Qing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Pheromone Gland ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Two Populations

The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; syn. M. testulalis), is a serious pantropical insect pest of grain legumes. Comparative studies of M. vitrata female sex pheromone components in two different geographic populations in China, Wuhan and Huazhou, confi rmed that (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal (E10,E12 - 16:Ald) and (E)-10-hexadecenal (E10 - 16:Ald) were present in variable ratios in all pheromone gland extracts of both populations. (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol (E10,E12 - 16:OH) was always detected in minor amounts using polar DB-WAX columns, but was never detected using medium-polar DB-17 columns for the two populations. E10 - 16:OH was not found in any of the M. vitrata sex pheromone gland extracts. The average ratios of E10 - 16:Ald, E10,E12 - 16:Ald, and E10,E12 - 16:OH in the pheromone gland extracts of populations from Wuhan and Huazhou were 79.5:100:12.1 and 10.3:100:0.7, respectively. Electrophysiological testing suggested that E10,E12 - 16:Ald elicited the highest male electroantennography (EAG) response, followed by E10,E12 - 16:OH and E10 - 16:Ald. Field-trapping tests with single synthetic sex pheromone lures showed that E10,E12 - 16:OH alone could not attract males, whereas E10,E12 - 16:Ald or E10 - 16:Ald alone attracted few males. Wuhan and Huazhou males were most attracted by lures containing E10 - 16:Ald + E10,E12 - 16:Ald + E10,E12 - 16:OH in doses of (80 + 100 + 10) μg and (10 + 100 + 10) μg, respectively, per vial. Males could discriminate between the blends that were most attractive to their own geographic population and those that were most attractive to the reference population. Our fi ndings suggest that geographic variation exists in the sex pheromone system of M. vitrata in China. The results are discussed with regard to the mechanisms underlying the sex pheromone variation

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