REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND LABORATORY REARING OF CERANTHIA SAMARENSIS (VILLENEUVE) (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Average Longevity ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Ceranthia Samarensis

AbstractLaboratory observations on the biology of Ceranthia samarensis (Villeneuve), a tachinid parasitoid of the gypsy moth, were carried out in the laboratory at 22 °C day/15 °C night, 85–90% RH, and a 12L:12D photoperiod. Older (5–6 days post-eclosion) males mated readily with newly emerged females. Mating success was 60%. The gestation period of the mated females was 10–12 days. Laboratory-reared (on diet) second- and third-instar gypsy moth larvae feeding on newly grown foliage of Quercus rubra L. were exposed to gravid females of the parasitoid. Ceranthia samarensis ovolarviposited on the body of the host. The first-instar larva penetrated the host cuticle and developed internally, forming a respiratory funnel that caused a dark circular scar on the lateral side of the caterpillar. The average number of progeny (puparia) produced over the lifetime of a C. samarensis female was 55.0 ± 5.0 (SE) and average longevity was 4.1 ± 1.7 (SE) days. Diapause of the puparia was facultative and induced by temperatures below 20 °C combined with a 12L:12D photoperiod. In nondiapause individuals, total generation time was 22–40 days. To obtain diapause insects, puparia were stored for2monthsat 15 °C, 100% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod for development of pharate adults. Cold storage at 2–4 °C and 100% RH for at least 5 months was required to obtain up to 75% eclosion after 5–9 days the following year.

Morphology of the first instar larva in the tribe Clytrini, with two new descriptions in the subtribe Megalostomina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2147 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEDERICO A. AGRAIN ◽  
ADRIANA E. MARVALDI
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Short Seta ◽  
Available Information

Original descriptions and illustrations of the first instar larva of Megalostomis (Heterostomis) lacordairei Lacordaire and of Coscinoptera argentina Burmeister (Clytrini: Megalostomina) are provided. Based on the available information on first instar larvae, the tribe Clytrini is diagnosed. Unique of the larvae of clytrini is the antennal sensorium dome-like. Characters in common between Clytrini, Cryptocephalini, and Chlamisini (Cryptocephalinae) are highlighted, like the body J-shaped (in association with case-bearer habits); frons, clypeus, and labrum fused; spiracles with reticulate peritreme; egg-bursters present on mesoand metathorax, each situated anterior to a very long seta and a short seta ventral to these.

PREY PREFERENCES OF CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) LARVAE AND RELATIONSHIP OF PREY CONSUMPTION TO PREDATOR SIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Feeding Choice ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Choice Feeding

AbstractIn feeding choice tests, first- and second-instar larvae of Calosoma sycophanta L. preferred gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), pupae as prey but third-instar larvae most often consumed caterpillars. All beetle larvae preferred female pupae over male pupae. In non-choice feeding tests, older predator larvae consumed more gypsy moth fifth-instar larvae than the larger sixth-instar larvae, but the total weights of prey eaten in both cases were similar. First-instar larvae of C. sycophanta only partially consumed prey, and caterpillar size did not affect the total numbers eaten. Beetle larvae ate as many female gypsy moth pupae as male pupae, but larger larvae consumed greater weights of the former than of the latter. As a consequence, C. sycophanta larvae fed female pupae were larger than those provided with male pupae. However, for a given increase in size, third-instar larval beetles ingested the same weight of food no matter what the prey size was. Conversely, young beetle larvae seemed to require greater amounts of the body contents of large prey for a given size increase, probably because fluids from large prey were lost during predator attack. The information gained in this study may make it possible to use sizes of field-observed C. sycophanta larvae to predict numbers of prey they have killed.

scholarly journals First instar larvae of endemic Australian Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szpila ◽  
Kinga Walczak ◽  
Nikolas P. Johnston ◽  
Thomas Pape ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe first instar larva of a species of the Australian endemic genus Aenigmetopia Malloch is described for the first time, along with the first instar larvae of three other Australian species representing the genera Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy and Protomiltogramma Townsend. Larval morphology was analysed using a combination of light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The following morphological structures are documented: pseudocephalon, antennal complex, maxillary palpus, facial mask, modifications of thoracic and abdominal segments, anal region, spiracular field, posterior spiracles and details of the cephaloskeleton. Substantial morphological differences are observed between the three genera, most notably in the labrum and mouthhooks of the cephaloskeleton, sensory organs of the pseudocephalon, spinulation, sculpture of the integument and form of the spiracular field. The first instar larval morphology of Aenigmetopia amissa Johnston, Wallman, Szpila & Pape corroborates the close phylogenetic affinity of Aenigmetopia Malloch with Metopia Meigen, inferred from recent molecular analysis. The larval morphology of Amobia auriceps (Baranov), Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend and Protomiltogramma plebeia Malloch is mostly congruent with the morphology of Palaearctic representatives of both genera.

The Hydraenidae of Cuba (Insecta: Coleoptera) II: Morphology of preimaginal stages of six species and notes on their biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4238 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT DELER-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JUAN A. DELGADO
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Preimaginal stages of the six species of Hydraenidae presently known from Cuba were obtained by rearing adults in the laboratory. Eggs of Hydraena perkinsi Spangler, 1980, H. decui Spangler, 1980 and H. franklyni Deler-Hernández & Delgado, 2012 are described and illustrated for the first time. The first instar larva of Gymnochthebius fossatus (LeConte, 1855) is redescribed, adding some new remarkable morphological characters including what could be the first abdominal egg-burster reported for this family. All larval instars of H. perkinsi, H. guadelupensis Orchymont, 1923 and Ochthebius attritus LeConte, 1878 are described and illustrated for the first time, with a special emphasis on their chaetotaxy. The second instar larva of G. fossatus along with first and third instar larvae of H. decui and H. franklyni are also studied for the first time. The pupal morphology and vestiture of a species belonging to the genus Hydraena are described for the first time, based on the pupa of H. perkinsi. Biological notes for several preimaginal stages of the studied species are also given. 

Development of synapses between identified sensory neurones and giant interneurones in the cockroach Periplaneta americana

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
J. M. Blagburn ◽  
D. J. Beadle ◽  
D. B. Sattelle
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Sensory Neurones ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Giant Interneurone

The cereal afferent, giant interneurone pathway in Periplaneta americana was used as a model for synapse formation. The morphology of the two identified filiform hair sensory neurones (FHSNs) and of two giant interneurones (GI2 and GI3) was followed throughout embryogenesis by cobalt injection. The FHSN axons enter the CNS at the 45 % stage of embryogenesis, branch at 50 % and form complete arborizations by 70 %. The giant interneurones send out a primary dendrite at 45 %. Secondary branches form between 50 % and 60 % and elaboration of the branching pattern takes place until 80 % embryogenesis. At early stages the FHSN axons are within filopodial range of GI dendrites which may use these sensory processes as guidance cues. Synapse formation between the main FHSN axon shafts and GI dendrites was investigated by injection of the latter with HRP. From 55 % to 65 % the process is initiated by desmosome—like filopodial contacts, with subsequent vesicle clustering and formation of a small synaptic density. Numbers of contacts did not significantly increase after about 70 %, but the number of synapses doubled between 65 % and 75 %, with each GI process becoming postsynaptic to two FHSN synapses and the presynaptic densities lengthening to become bars. From 75 % embryogenesis to hatching there is a further small increase in synaptic bar length. In the first instar GI3 is postsynaptic to both FHSN axons, whereas GI2 forms very few synapses with the axon of the lateral FHSN (LFHSN). This imbalance of contacts is present throughout synaptogenesis, apart from some early filopodial contacts. GI3 forms synapses with the lateral side of the LFHSN axon from 60 % embryogenesis but these are totally absent at hatching. The growth of glia along this side of the axon during the last 30 % of development appears to be associated with degeneration of synapses in this region. Thus, as the dendrites of the GIs grow to form a miniature version of the adult without loss of branches, there is little evidence of an initial overproduction of FHSN—GI synapses. Similarly there is no evidence that GI2 forms ‘incorrect’ synapses with the axon of LFHSN. However, GI3 contacts are removed from an inappropriate region of a correct synaptic partner, LFHSN.

scholarly journals Observations on the predatory potential of Lutzia fuscana on Aedes aegypti larvae: implications for biological control (Diptera: Culicidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Soujita Pramanik ◽  
Sampa Banerjee ◽  
Soumyajit Banerjee ◽  
Goutam K. Saha ◽  
Gautam Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Predatory Potential

Among the natural predators, larval stages of the mosquito <em>Lutzia fuscana (</em>Wiedemann, 1820) (Diptera: Culicidae) bear potential as a biological control agent of mosquitoes. An estimation of the predatory potential of the larva of <em>L. fuscana</em> against the larva of the dengue vector <em>Aedes aegypti</em> (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) was made to highlight its use in vector management. Laboratory experiments revealed that the larva of<em> L</em>. <em>fuscana</em> consumes 19 to 24 <em>A. aegypti</em> larvae per day, during its tenure as IV instar larva. The consumption of <em>A. aegypti</em> larvae was proportionate to the body length (BL) and body weight (BW) of the predatory larva<em> L. fuscana</em> as depicted through the logistic regressions: y = 1 / (1 + exp(-(-2.09 + 0.35*BL))) and y = 1 / (1 + exp(-(0.4+ 0.06*BW))). While the prey consumption remained comparable among the days, the net weight gained by the <em>L</em>. <em>fuscana</em> larva showed a decreasing trend with the age. On the basis of the results, it is apparent that the larva of the mosquito <em>L. fuscana</em> can be used in the regulation of the mosquito <em>A. aegypti</em> through augmentative release, particularly, in the smaller mosquito larval habitats.

Morphology of the first instar larva of Bradysia tritici (Diptera : Sciaridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bischof ◽  
A.L.P. Perondini ◽  
H.O. Gutzeit
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
First Instar

CHAETOPHLEPSIS NASELLENSIS, A DIPTEROUS PARASITOID OF THE WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128
Author(s):  
Richard D. Medley ◽  
V. M. Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Western Hemlock Looper ◽  
Lambdina Fiscellaria Lugubrosa ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractPreserved material from 1962 field studies provided information on the habits and morphology of the tachinid parasitoid Chaetophlepsis nasellensis Reinhard. Parasitization of the larvae of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), continues over a 30- to 40-day period. Maggots issue from the host larvae and drop to the ground to pupate. The pupae normally overwinter, with adults emerging the following spring or summer. The early first-instar larva differs markedly from the late first-instar. The three instars can be distinguished on the basis of body length and the structure and form of the buccopharyngeal apparatus. The first and third larval instars and the puparium are distinctive enough to permit easy identification during studies of the western hemlock looper and associated loopers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document