REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF CYZENIS ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. O’Hara ◽  
Bruce E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Character State ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractCyzenis Robineau-Desvoidy is a member of the Goniini, a tribe characterized by the production of microtype eggs in adult females. A new concept of Cyzenis is proposed based on a synapotypic character state of adults, i.e. the presence of narrowly separated discal scutellar setae. Two monophyletic species groups are recognized, containing a total of five species in the Nearctic Region: the albicans-gcoup with C. albicans (Fallén) (a species introduced to North America from Europe), C. pullula (Townsend), and C. browni (Curran); and the incrassata-graup with C. incrassata (Smith) and C. ustulaia (Reinhard). A Palearctic species, C. jucunda (Meigen), is recognized as a member of the albicans-group. Phorocera anassa Reinhard is newly synonymized with C. incrassata. Phorocera festbums Aldrich and Webber, Phorocera mitis Curran. and Phorocera regilla Reinhard are transferred from Cyzenis to Eufrontina Brooks (new combinations). A lectotype is designated for C. albicans (Fallén). Nearctic species of Cyzenis are keyed and redescribed, their distributions are mapped, and external, terminate, and puparial features are illustrated. Distinction of individuals of C. albicans and C. pullula is discussed in relation to ecological studies on die host–parasite pair of C. albicans and the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

STATUS OF THE PARASITE AGRYPON FLAVEOLATUM (GRAVENHORST) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), INTRODUCED TO CONTROL THE WINTER MOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractAgrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst), introduced from Europe to control the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), on apple and oak in Nova Scotia and British Columbia, was distinguished from the closely related native species, A. provancheri (Dalla Torre) and A. alaskensis (Ashmead). A detailed study of the three species revealed that they could be distinguished by specific morphological characters and by results of morphometric analyses of intra- and inter-specific variation of number of annuli of the antennal flagellum. The history of introductions of both the host and parasite is reviewed, including an account of host–parasite interactions. All of the characters defining species entities were found to be correlated with differences in host insect, host plant, and distribution.

REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF FRONTINIELLA TOWNSEND (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractThe genus Frontiniella Townsend is transferred from the Eryciini to the Goniini, based on the production of microtype eggs in adult females. Frontiniella is known only from the Nearctic Region and the northern extreme of the Neotropical Region. Eufrontina Brooks is newly synonymized with Frontiniella and all species formerly placed in that genus are transferred to Frontiniella. Frontiniella is hypothesized to be monophyletic based on two derived character states: long hairs on the male surstylus, and elongate posterior spiracles on the puparium. Two species groups are recognized, one with six species and the other with four: the parancilla-group with F. parancilla Townsend, F. incarcerata sp.nov. (type-locality Hwy. 366, Graham Co., Arizona, USA), F. spectabilis (Aldrich) (new combination), F. surstylata sp.nov. (type-locality near Olustee, Florida, USA), F. jorgenseni sp.nov. (type-locality 20 miles northwest of Kenna, New Mexico, USA), and F. ethniae (Brooks) (new combination); and the festinans-group with F. festinans (Aldrich and Webber), F. apache sp.nov. (type-locality Sulphur Draw, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, USA), F. mitis (Curran), and F. regilla (Reinhard). This revision includes a key to the 10 known species of Frontiniella, a description of each species (including puparium where known), maps of species distributions, an annotated list of hosts (including corrections to previously published records and additions from material examined), and illustrations of taxonomically useful features.

REVISION OF NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ACTIA ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Type Locality ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
North West ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
North West Territories ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractEight species of the siphonine genus Actia Robineau-Desvoidy are recognized in the Nearctic Region, including four that are new: A. dasymyia sp.nov. (type-locality 21 mi. east Tuktoyaktuk, North West Territories, Canada), A. dimorpha sp.nov. (type-locality Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA), A. radialis sp.nov. (type-locality Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada), and A. sternalis sp.nov. (type-locality mi. 51 Dempster Highway, Yukon, Canada). Adults of the eight species are keyed, described, illustrated (heads, wings, and male terminalia), and their distributions mapped. The species are arranged into three species groups: the autumnalis-group with Nearctic members A. autumnalis (Townsend), A. rufescens (Greene), A. diffidens Curran, and A. dimorpha sp.nov.; the lamia-group with Nearctic members A. interrupta Curran, A. dasymyia sp.nov., and A. radialis sp.nov.; and the crassicornis-group with the single Nearctic member A. sternalis sp.nov. Nearctic Actia are inferred to be of relatively recent origin because only the A. autumnalis/A. rufescens species pair seems to have speciated within the Nearctic Region. Actia autumnalis/A. rufescens, A. diffidens, and A. dimorpha are each hypothesized to have their closest phylogenetic affinities with Neotropical species, and A. sternalis, A. interrupta, A. dasymyia, and questionably A. radialis are each hypothesized to have their closest affinities with Palearctic species.

Phylogenetic relationships among Praini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) aphid parasitoids, with redescription of two species

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Stanisavljević ◽  
Olivera Petrović-Obradović ◽  
Marija Milutinović ◽  
Snežana Tomanović ◽  
Željko Tomanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Character State ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Ovipositor Sheath ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Pupation Behavior

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among four genera and 25 species of the tribe Praini (Braconidae: Aphidiinae) were investigated on the basis of 15 characters (13 morphological and two life history characters) using parsimony analysis. Areopraon Mackauer and Pseudopraon Starý are basal within the tribe. Both genera include species in which the external and internal types of pupation exist simultaneously [for example, Pseudopraon mindariphagum Starý, Areopraon lepelleyi (Waterston) and A. pilosum Mackauer)]. It can therefore be asserted that the external type of pupation behavior in the Praini probably originated in the polymorphic pupation behavior of ancient genera such as Pseudopraon and Areopraon. The genera Areopraon, Pseudopraon, and Dyscritulus Hincks form a monophylum separate from Praon. Areopraon is not retrieved as monophyletic. Species of the genus Praon Haliday possess conical apical spines on the top of the ovipositor sheath as an apomorphic character state. Within the genus Praon, we recognized the following closely related species groups: Parapraon + Praon dorsale-yomenae; and Praon rosaecola. Two Praini species are redescribed. Mesopraon Starý is a new synonym of Areopraon. Areopraon silvestre (Starý) and Areopraon helleni (Starý) are new combinations. A key to the recent Praini genera is given.

scholarly journals Forest defoliator pests alter carbon and nitrogen cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne l-M-Arnold ◽  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Annett-Barbara Reinhardt ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Climate change may foster pest epidemics in forests, and thereby the fluxes of elements that are indicators of ecosystem functioning. We examined compounds of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in insect faeces, leaf litter, throughfall and analysed the soils of deciduous oak forests ( Quercus petraea  L.) that were heavily infested by the leaf herbivores winter moth ( Operophtera brumata  L.) and mottled umber ( Erannis defoliaria  L.). In infested forests, total net canopy-to-soil fluxes of C and N deriving from insect faeces, leaf litter and throughfall were 30- and 18-fold higher compared with uninfested oak forests, with 4333 kg C ha −1 and 319 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during a pest outbreak over 3 years. In infested forests, C and N levels in soil solutions were enhanced and C/N ratios in humus layers were reduced indicating an extended canopy-to-soil element pathway compared with the non-infested forests. In a microcosm incubation experiment, soil treatments with insect faeces showed 16-fold higher fluxes of carbon dioxide and 10-fold higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon compared with soil treatments without added insect faeces (control). Thus, the deposition of high rates of nitrogen and rapidly decomposable carbon compounds in the course of forest pest epidemics appears to stimulate soil microbial activity (i.e. heterotrophic respiration), and therefore, may represent an important mechanism by which climate change can initiate a carbon cycle feedback.

A Note on the Association of Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria (Harr.)) with Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata (Linn.)) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Fall Cankerworm

The fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), and the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), both feed to a great extent on the same tree species and prefer apple, Malus spp., red oak, Quercus rubra L., basswood, Tilia spp., white elm, Ulmus americana L., and Norway maple, Acer platanoides L. They also have similar life-histories and habits (Smith 1950 and 1953). Both lay their eggs on the trees in the fall and overwinter in this stage. The eggs hatch about the same time and the larvae of (both species mature about the third week in June. They drop to the ground and form cocoons at a depth of about an inch. The adults emerge about the same time, commencing usually during the last week in October and continuing until early December or until the ground freezes.

WING COLOURATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND THE WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) ON VANCOUVER ISLAND

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
The West ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

In a recently completed study involving pheromone trapping of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), on Vancouver Island (Pivnick et al. 1988), I noticed that O. bruceata had wing colouration different from sympatric O. brumata. The west coast O. bruceata has a pale yellow-orange costal margin on the underside of the forewings and this is faint to absent in O. brumata (Fig. 1). It is also absent from O. bruceata in Saskatoon, which is interesting because some authors consider the west coast population of O. bruceata to be a separate species: the western winter moth, O. occidentalis (see Ferguson 1978; Pivnick et al. 1988). Descriptions of O. bruceata (Brown 1962) and O. brumata (Cuming 1961), and a taxonomic key to these two species (Eidt et al. 1966), do not mention any distinctive wing markings that could be used to separate the two species.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 101-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lee Grismer ◽  
Perry L. Wood, Jr. ◽  
Nikolay A. Poyarkov ◽  
Minh D. Le ◽  
Fred Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
True Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Mitochondrial Phylogeny

The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is the third most speciose vertebrate genus in the world, containing well over 300 species that collectively range from South Asia to Melanesia across some of the most diverse landscapes and imperiled habitats on the planet. A genus-wide phylogeny of the group has never been presented because researchers working on different groups were using different genetic markers to construct phylogenies that could not be integrated. We present here Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference mitochondrial and mito-nuclear phylogenies incorporating of 310 species that include dozens of species that had never been included in a genus-wide analysis. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeny, we partition Cyrtodactylus into 31 well-supported monophyletic species groups which, if used as recommended herein, will increase the information content of future integrative taxonomic analyses that continue to add new species to this genus at an ever-increasing annual rate. Data presented here reiterate the outcome of several previous studies indicating that Cyrtodactylus comprises an unprecedented number of narrow-range endemics restricted to single mountain tops, small islands, or karst formations that still remain unprotected. This phylogeny can provide a platform for various comparative ecological studies that can be integrated with conservation management programs across the broad diversity of landscapes and habitats occupied by this genus. Additionally, these data indicate that the true number of Cyrtodactylus remains substantially underrepresented.

scholarly journals Comparative larval morphology of eight species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Uruguay, with a review of the larvae of this genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO KOLENC ◽  
CLAUDIO BORTEIRO ◽  
LEANDRO ALCALDE ◽  
DIEGO BALDO ◽  
DARIO CARDOZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Character State ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Taxonomic Distribution ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Available Information

We studied the external and oral cavity morphology of the tadpoles of eight species of Hypsiboas in the H. albopunctatus, H. faber, H. punctatus and H. pulchellus species groups. After a review of the available information about larval external and oral cavity morphology, no character state seems to be synapomorphic for Hypsiboas. The presence of a fleshy projection in the inner margin of the nostrils and rounded vacuities of the anteromedial surface of the choanae (pending the confirmation of the latter in Hyloscirtus and Myersiohyla) seems to be synapomorphic for the tribe Cophomantini, as previously noticed by other authors. Some putative synapomorphies are suggested for some species groups of Hypsiboas, but a denser sampling is needed to study the taxonomic distribution of these character states, in order to determine which clades they may support. The presence of lateral flaps with labial teeth in the oral disc is a variable feature of many species in the H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. A spiracular tube free from the body wall is present in some species, mostly in the H. albopunctatus group, but also in the H. rufitelus, H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. Unique ventrolateral cumules of neuromasts are present in H. faber, and also in some species of other groups of Hypsiboas and of the sister genus Aplastodiscus. Our results highlight the importance of studying the taxonomic distribution of many character states that were sometimes overlooked in tadpole descriptions but seem relevant to test phylogenetic hypothesis.

Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae)  from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1488 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR V. SHAMSHEV ◽  
PATRICK GROOTAERT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Check List ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
The Chinese Mainland ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
A New Species

The genus Elaphropeza Macquart from the Oriental region is revised. In addition to the 79 known species (including seven new combinations of species previously placed within Drapetis Meigen) 51 new species are described and illustrated. The study is mainly based on freshly collected material in Singapore (544 samples, year cycle in eight stations and numerous hand captures). Smaller samples were available from Malaysia, Thailand and Cambodia. Of the 51 new species only 43 have been given a name: E. acantha sp. nov., E. asexa sp. nov., E. asiophila sp. nov., E. belumut sp. nov., E. benitotani sp. nov., E. bezzii sp. nov., E. bulohensis sp. nov., E. chekjawa sp. nov., E. combinata sp. nov., E. crassicercus sp. nov., E. darrenyeoi sp. nov., E. demeijerei sp. nov., E. equalis sp. nov., E. feminata sp. nov., E. flavicaput sp. nov., E. furca sp. nov., E. limosa sp. nov., E. luanae sp. nov., E. luteoides sp. nov., E. malayensis sp. nov., E. meieri sp. nov., E. melanderi sp. nov., E. modesta sp. nov., E. monacantha sp. nov., E. monospina sp. nov., E. murphyi sp. nov., E. neesoonensis sp. nov., E. ngi sp. nov., E. pauper sp. nov., E. pluriacantha sp. nov., E. riatanae sp. nov., E. sime sp. nov.,E. singaporensis sp. nov., E. singulata sp. nov., E. sivasothii sp. nov., E. spicata sp. nov., E. spiralis sp. nov., E. sylvicola sp. nov., E. temasek sp. nov., E. tiomanensis sp. nov., E. ubinensis sp. nov., E. yangi sp. nov., E. yeoi sp. nov. Eight species known only as females are briefly diagnosed but not named. Species (including type materials in most cases) described by C.R. Osten-Sacken, M. Bezzi, J.C.H. de Meijere, R. Senior-White, A.L. Melander and K.G.V. Smith were examined and re-described. Neotypes have been designated for E. calcarifera Bezzi, E. melanura Bezzi, E. formosae Bezzi and E. scutellaris Bezzi. Elaphropeza exul Osten-Sacken, 1882 is transferred as Crossopalpus exul (Osten-Sacken) comb. nov. Elaphropeza formosae Bezzi sensu Quate, 1960 re-described by L.W. Quate from Micronesia, is considered a new species and a new name is given: E. quatei sp. nov. All species of Elaphropeza are divided into two main species groups: E. biuncinata group and E. ephippiata group. Phylogenetic relationships within Elaphropeza are provisionally outlined. Some interesting morphological features and phenology of the species are discussed. Fourteen species have been found exclusively in mangroves. A key is given to the species of the Oriental Region (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Philippines and Taiwan, but excluding certain species of the Chinese mainland that proved to be different from the rest of the Oriental Region). A check list of the Oriental species is provided.

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