SUPERPARASITISM OF GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), LARVAE BY PARASETIGENA SILVESTRIS (ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY) (DBPTERA: TACHINIAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
Joseph S. Elkinton ◽  
Thomas M. ODell
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the field, superparasitism of Lymantria dispar (L.) by Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy) was not the result of random oviposition, but, because parasitoid eggs were aggregated, certain hosts were more likely to be parasitized than average. Parasitoid eggs were more aggregated when gypsy moth larvae were collected from under burlap bands than when larvae were collected elsewhere in the same 9-ha plot, resulting in lowered mortality due to parasitism. This finding suggests that collecting larvae from burlap bands may not provide accurate estimates of the impact of P. silvestris on populations of L. dispar. In laboratory studies, deposition of more than one egg on a single host significantly increased parasitoid emergence and host mortality. However, increasing superparasitism had a negative effect on both the probability that an individual parasitoid would survive to emerge from a host and the size of the puparium produced by the parasitoid. The probability of parasitoid survival was higher when fifth- rather than fourth-instar gypsy moth larvae were attacked, but puparia produced by parasitoids emerging from fifth-instar larvae were smaller.

PREDATION BY CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE): EVIDENCE FOR A LARGE IMPACT ON GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), PUPAE

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Dispersal Potential ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entire Study Area

AbstractThe impact of predation by Calosoma sycophanta L. on an increasing prey population was assessed by recapturing marked adult beetles, periodically observing tagged gypsy moth pupae, and examining gypsy moth pupal remains in different microhabitats. Adult beetles dispersed in random directions but many tended to remain near the trap at which they were originally caught, suggesting a low dispersal potential. About 75% of the adult beetles present in the plot on one day were still present the next day. Capture–recapture estimates suggested that there were at most about 250 male beetles and half as many females/ha in the plot. Calosoma larvae destroyed 70% of tagged gypsy moth pupae under burlap bands on tree trunks near ground level, which was much more than any other mortality factor. Although this percentage was the same when mortality was assessed by looking at pupal remains within 5 m of the ground on tree trunks, pupae higher in trees and on leaves were not attacked as frequently. On average, about 40% of the pupae present in the entire study area were destroyed by Calosoma larvae. Each female beetle in the site would have had to produce about 30 progeny to have this effect. These data suggest that a relatively low number of adult beetles can have a substantial impact on gypsy moth populations.

Control of Third and Fourth Instar Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) with Gypchek Combined with a Stilbene Disulfonic Acid Additive on Individual Shade Trees1

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Webb ◽  
N. H. Dill ◽  
J. D. Podgwaite ◽  
M. Shapiro ◽  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Potential Use

The efficacy of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), Gypchek, in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive, Blankophor BBH, was evaluated against third and fourth-instar gypsy moth in 1992. Treatments were applied with hydraulic ground equipment to plots of one to three oak trees each in a gypsy moth-infested woodlot on the eastern shore of Maryland. An analysis of larvae collected from the plots revealed that the plots treated with LdMNPV and Blankophor BBH had significantly (P < 0.05) more larval mortality and significantly lower LT50 values than did plots treated with LdMNPV alone. Additionally, Blankophor BBH applied alone appeared to interact with native virus present in the field plots and significantly (P < 0.05) increased larval mortality when compared with untreated plots. The implications of these results for the potential use of LdMNPV in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive are discussed.

Effects of Condensed Tannins and Catalpol on Growth and Development of Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae) Reared in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Mallampalli ◽  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Karl Weinges
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Unparasitized Host ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata

Condensed tannin is generally considered an example of a quantitative plant allelochemical defense, and catalpol an example of a qualitative chemical defense. The effects of these compounds on the growth and survival of a tachinid parasitoid, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), reared in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were compared. Each chemical was incorporated into synthetic diets in a range of ecologically relevant doses and fed to host larvae. Larvae were fed in each of two ways: immediately after parasitization (one day after fourth instar molt), and from egg hatch onward. Growth and survival of unparasitized gypsy moth larvae on test diets were also monitored. No significant effect of either catalpol or condensed tannin on C. concinnata growth or puparial survival was observed. Tannin did lengthen development time of unparasitized host larvae from fourth stadium onward, and lowered pupal weights of larvae fed tannin from egg hatch onward. Catalpol had no significant impact on overall gypsy moth larval development, indicating that this insect is able to compensate for the reduction in weight gain reported to be caused by catalpol in younger larvae. Mortality in all experiments was insignificant. It appears that these phytochemicals are more similar in their effects on the parasitoid than was predicted based on their roles as toxins and digestibility-reducers in herbivores. The data also suggest that generalist tachinid parasitoids such as C. concinnata may be more tolerant of allelochemicals in their host's diet, than their hymenopteran counterparts.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), LARVAE ON FOLIAGE OF GYMNOSPERMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Miller ◽  
Paul E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Host Plant Suitability

AbstractThe development of gypsy moth larvae was monitored in the laboratory on the foliage of 39 species belonging to 18 genera in the Araucaraceae, Cupressaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Pinaceae, Taxaceae, and Taxodiaceae. Larval survival through successive molts, time of larval development, live female pupal weights, and adult female production of ova were measured as indicators of host plant suitability for the gypsy moth. The criteria for distinguishing the most suitable hosts were as follows: (1) greater than 80% survival of first-instar larvae, (2) development to pupation in less than 41 days, (3) female pupal weights over 1099 mg, and (4) the production of more than 350 ova. The most suitable species were in the Pinaceae, in particular, Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lamb.) G. Don, Larix decidua Mill., and Picea pungens Engelm. The least suitable species were in the Cupressaceae, Ginkgoaceae, and Taxaceae. First-, second-, and third-instar larvae often differed in their ability to survive on new foliage compared with foliage from the previous year. Overall, first-instar larvae successfully developed into adults on 20 of the species tested but second-instar larvae developed into adults on 29 of the species tested. First- through fourth- or fifth-instar larvae failed to develop into adults on eight of the species tested.

Studies on the impact of two Nosema isolates from Bulgaria on the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörte Goertz ◽  
Daniela Pilarska ◽  
Manana Kereselidze ◽  
Leellen F. Solter ◽  
Andreas Linde
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
The Impact

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Small Body ◽  
World System ◽  
World Society ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

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