EUDORYLAS (METADORYLAS) SP. (DIPTERA: PIPUNCULIDAE): A PREVIOUSLY UNREPORTED PARASITOID OF DALBULUS MAIDIS (DELONG AND WOLCOTT) AND DALBULUS ELIMATUS (BALL) (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando E. Vega ◽  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Alejandro Perez Panduro
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Corn Leafhopper

The genus Dalbulus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) consists of 11 species, 10 of which can be found in México (Nault 1990). Some members in the genus, such as the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott), and the Mexican corn leafhopper, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) are serious pests of maize due to their transmission of three corn stunting pathogens: corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS; Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb et al.), maize bushy stunt mycoplasmalike organism (MBSM), and maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) (Nault 1990). Due to the widespread damage that these leafhopper-vectored pathogens cause in maize-growing regions in Latin America, a search for the leafhopper natural enemies was conducted in maize agroecosystems in central México.

scholarly journals Aspectos da biologia da cigarrinha-do-milho, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Waquil ◽  
Paulo A. Viana ◽  
Ivan Cruz ◽  
Jamilton P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus

Na cultura do milho, a cigarrinha, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) é vetora de três patógenos: Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma), o fitoplasma do milho (maize bushy stunt phytoplasma) e o vírus da risca do milho (maize rayado fino vírus). Os prejuízos causados por essas doenças podem variar de nove a 90 %, dependendo da susceptibilidade das cultivares e dos patógenos envolvidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos da biologia de D. maidis, sob condições controladas e utilizando-se insetos e cultivares de milho e sorgo adaptados às condições brasileiras. Plântulas de milho e de sorgo foram cultivadas em vasos plásticos, cobertas com gaiolas de plástico e infestadas com 10 adultos por planta. Sempre utilizando-se 10 plântulas por tratamento, foram conduzidos dois ensaios independentes. No 1°, estudou-se o período de incubação nas temperaturas constantes de 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 e 32ºC ± 1ºC e fotofase de 12 h. No 2°, estudou-se o desenvolvimento de ninfas à temperatura constante de 26,5 ± 2ºC e mesma fotofase. O período de incubação foi mais curto nas temperaturas de 26 e 29ºC, nas quais cerca de 70% das ninfas levaram nove dias para a eclosão. Foram observados até cinco ínstares, embora cerca de 76% da população tenha completado o desenvolvimento passando por apenas quatro ínstares. A duração média de cada instar foi de 3,14 dias. Os adultos viveram em média 51,4 dias e o ciclo médio de ovo a adulto foi de 26,3 dias. Portanto, para a manutenção de colônias de insetos ou no desenvolvimento de estudos com essa espécie é importante observar os limites máximos e mínimos de temperatura.

scholarly journals Molecular confirmation of Maize rayado fino virus as the Brazilian corn streak virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Wahnbaeck Hammond ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), present in various countries in Latin America, has shown similarities to corn streak virus that occurs in Brazil, regarding pathogenic, serological and histological characteristics. In the current report both virus were molecularly compared to confirm the similarities between them. MRFV was identified by nucleic acid hybridization in samples of maize tissues exhibiting symptoms of "corn stunt" disease, collected from two Brazilian States - São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The coat protein gene and 3'non-translated region of MRFV were amplified from infected tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using MRFV-specific primers, and were characterized by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the cloned PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between the Brazilian isolates and isolates obtained from Latin America and the United States reveals a close relationship to isolates from Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. Results support the proposal that the Brazilian corn streak virus be regarded as an isolate of MRFV and provide evidence for the presence of MRFV in "corn stunt' disease in Brazil.

Native parasitoids of Dalbulus elimatus and Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in winter crops of central Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moya-Raygoza
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Corn Leafhopper

AbstractNative parasitoids of the adult Mexican corn leafhopper, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), and corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott), are described and their rates of parasitism on maize, Zea mays L., common barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and sorghum, Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae) in central Mexico are determined. The survey was conducted throughout an annual cycle, with sampling of the previous season's crops when they were available. Leafhoppers showing evidence of parasitism were reared individually in the laboratory to obtain adult parasitoids. Adult D. elimatus were parasitized on winter maize, barley, and sorghum by the fly Eudorylas subopacus (Loew) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and the wasp Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), whereas adult D. maidis were parasitized by these fly and wasp parasitoids on winter maize only. The highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by E. subopacus were 57.4% on maize, 39.6% on barley, and 48.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by E. subopacus was 20.4% on maize. In contrast, the highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by G. bartletti were 9.4% on maize, 2.7% on barley, and 25.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by G. bartletti was 7.1% on maize. These results indicate that winter crops are habitats of E. subopacus and G. bartletti during the winter season. This is the first report of D. elimatus and D. maidis being parasitized by E. subopacus and of D. elimatus being parasitized by G. bartletti.

scholarly journals Probing behavior of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis on susceptible and resistant maize hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Carpane ◽  
María Inés Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Leafhopper ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Mesophyll Resistance

The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis is the main vector of the pathogens that cause corn stunt, a major disease of maize in the Americas. As host resistance is an efficient tool to control diseases, the findings of a previous report showed that some corn hybrids are resistant to D . maidis . In this work, we assessed the probing behavior of D . maidis on susceptible and resistant corn hybrids using EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) technology. Fifteen-day-old females were monitored for 20 hours, with access to hybrids DK390, DK670, DK79-10, and DK72-10. Hybrids DK390 and DK72-10 showed resistance to D . maidis in phloem, since insects feeding on these hybrids presented more salivation events in phloem without subsequent ingestion, which are seen as failed attempts to ingest. A reduction of the total duration of phloem ingestion was observed, and accordingly of the time spent by insects with access to these hybrids on xylem ingestion. The hybrid DK390 also had mesophyll resistance, seen as less probing time and a higher number of probes of short duration. These findings support and are consistent with previous research, providing useful information to characterize maize hybrids resistant to D . maidis , and so to corn stunt.

Serum-free media for cultivation of spiroplasmas

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-M. Lee ◽  
R. E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Good Growth ◽  
Supporting Capacity ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Serum-free media that contained bovine serum albumin and lipids (fatty acids, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid, and phospholipids) to replace serum were formulated for the culture of some fastidious strains of corn stunt spiroplasma, Spiroplasma kunkelii. These media also supported good growth of other spiroplasmas, including epiphytic, entomopathogenic, and phytopathogenic strains. The growth rates attained in these serum-free media were comparable to those in media which contained serum. The serum-free broth and agar media were of major importance for culture of several fastidious strains of corn stunt spiroplasma because the serum-containing media supported little, if any, of their growth. Colonies of these fastidious strains were readily formed on serum-free agar media in aerobic, candle jar, and anaerobic environments, but were not readily formed on the serum-containing media. The serum-free media were less subject to deterioration during storage or incubation, and the growth-supporting capacity of serum-free media diminished more slowly than that of serum-containing media.Key words: Spiroplasma kunkelii, Spiroplasma citri, Mollicutes, Mycoplasma spp. culture, entomopathogens.

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