GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (MEIGAN) (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) PARASITIZING GYPSY MOTH LARVAE FEEDING ON TANNIN DIETS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Bourchier
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Host Quality ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata

AbstractAll larval instars of Compsilura concinnata (Meigan) (Diptera: Tachinidae) develop in the midgut of the gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)] between the peritrophic membrane and gut wall. Parasitoid larvae placed artificially in the host haemocoel quickly moved to this characteristic position. There was a positive relationship between parasitoid size, as measured by the weight of the puparium, and the potential fecundity of female flies. When C. concinnata parasitized third-instar larval hosts, there were fewer successful multiple emergences, parasitoid larvae took longer to develop, and puparia were significantly smaller than those of parasitoids attacking fifth-instar hosts.Gypsy moth larvae grew more slowly on diets supplemented with 0.5 and 2.5% tannic acid than on non-supplemented diets. Similarly, C. concinnata females were smaller (with associated reduction in fecundity) when emerging from hosts feeding on the tannin diets than when hosts were feeding on control diets. The effect of tannic acid on the parasitoid was indirect and was the result of a reduction in host quality on the tannin diets. Reduction in parasitoid fecundity associated with tritropic interactions (among the host plant, the gypsy moth, and the parasitoid) may provide a possible explanation for the irregular impact of C. concinnata on gypsy moth populations.

Effects of Condensed Tannins and Catalpol on Growth and Development of Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae) Reared in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Mallampalli ◽  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Karl Weinges
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Unparasitized Host ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata

Condensed tannin is generally considered an example of a quantitative plant allelochemical defense, and catalpol an example of a qualitative chemical defense. The effects of these compounds on the growth and survival of a tachinid parasitoid, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), reared in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were compared. Each chemical was incorporated into synthetic diets in a range of ecologically relevant doses and fed to host larvae. Larvae were fed in each of two ways: immediately after parasitization (one day after fourth instar molt), and from egg hatch onward. Growth and survival of unparasitized gypsy moth larvae on test diets were also monitored. No significant effect of either catalpol or condensed tannin on C. concinnata growth or puparial survival was observed. Tannin did lengthen development time of unparasitized host larvae from fourth stadium onward, and lowered pupal weights of larvae fed tannin from egg hatch onward. Catalpol had no significant impact on overall gypsy moth larval development, indicating that this insect is able to compensate for the reduction in weight gain reported to be caused by catalpol in younger larvae. Mortality in all experiments was insignificant. It appears that these phytochemicals are more similar in their effects on the parasitoid than was predicted based on their roles as toxins and digestibility-reducers in herbivores. The data also suggest that generalist tachinid parasitoids such as C. concinnata may be more tolerant of allelochemicals in their host's diet, than their hymenopteran counterparts.

scholarly journals Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions

2007 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Quercus Cerris

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.

Effect of tannic acid on the development and resistance of the Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. to viral infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 409 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Martemyanov ◽  
S. A. Bakhvalov ◽  
I. M. Dubovskiy ◽  
V. V. Glupov ◽  
N. F. Salakhutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar

Effects of nuclear polyhedrosis virus formulations on Lymantria dispar larval peritrophic membrane

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1010-1011
Author(s):  
K. S. Shields ◽  
J. D. Podgwaite
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

The peritrophic membrane is a continuous tube that encases the food in the midgut and hindgut of Lepidopteran larvae. It presumably protects midgut cells from abrasion by food particles, and perhaps acts as a barrier to infection. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), which is transmitted per os. Once ingested, viral occlusion bodies (OB) dissolve in the alkaline midgut, liberating virions that ultimately invade susceptible cells. Recent studies have shown that selected stilbenedisulfonic acid derivatives administered in combination with LdMNPV significantly enhance viral potency, but the precise mode of action is unknown. We tested the effect of the stilbene derivative, Blankophor BBH (Burlington Chem. Co., Burlington, NC), on potency of LdMNPV in gypsy moth larvae, and determined the effects of ingested BBH/LdMNPV combinations on the surface structure of the peritrophic membrane.Newly molted second instar larvae were fed high wheat germ diet overlaid with either water, LdMNPV (102-106 OBs/ml), BBH (0.5%), or LdMNPV + BBH.

IMPLICATIONS OF TREE MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES OF COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) FOR ITS EFFECTIVENESS AS A GYPSY MOTH PARASITOID

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences

AbstractTethered gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), placed in various tree microhabitats were most heavily parasitized by Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) near the ground especially on leaves. In laboratory experiments, hosts were parasitized primarily between 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM (E.S.T.), with little parasitism at night. These data suggest that in the field, this tachinid will most efficiently attack young gypsy moth caterpillars, as instars 1 to 3 are the only ones consistently on or near foliage during daylight. C. concinnata females successfully parasitized young hosts, but larval development on 2nd instars was twice as long as that on 4th instars. Thus, only one generation of parasitoids on gypsy moths is likely per year. Results indicate that methods for improving the effectiveness of this parasitoid should emphasize increasing adult numbers early in the season.

scholarly journals The effects of tannic acid on the fitness-related traits of Lymantria dispar L. larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Vesna Peric-Mataruga ◽  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Dajana Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Diet Variability ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Plastic Responses

In this study we investigated the effects of tannic acid on fitness-related traits in gypsy moth larvae from two differently adapted populations. Thirty two full-sib families from oak (suitable host plant, Quercus population), and twenty six full-sib families from locust-tree (unsuitable host plant, Robinia population) forests were reared on artificial diets with or without a 5% tannic acid supplement. Tannic acid shortened the duration of larval development till the 4th instar in the Robinia population, and decreased the mass of larvae from both Quercus and Robinia populations. Local adaptation was not recorded for any of the examined traits. In general, regardless of population origin, genetic variation (broad-sense heritability) was higher in larvae fed on the diet containing tannic acid than in larvae fed on the control diet. Variability of phenotypic plasticity was significant for the examined traits, except for larval duration traits in Quercus larvae, pointing to the potential of gypsy moth larvae from both populations for the evolution of adaptive plastic responses to new environmental conditions and the presence of stressors. Genetic correlations between the environments were positive and significantly different from ?one? and accordingly, do not represent constraint for the evolution of plasticity.

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