THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE): DISTRIBUTION, TEMPERATURE ADAPTATIONS, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Temperature Adaptations ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Southward Extension ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractMost of the range of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, lies within the Western Cordillera and Interior Plains physiographic regions of North America between latitudes 45°N and 68°N. Entomoscelis americana is associated mainly with three types of vegetation: forests, forest–grasslands, and grasslands. Temperature adaptations in the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages that permit E. americana to occupy its present range are outlined. Host plant abundance may be the main factor preventing eastward extension of its range. Climate and host plant abundance together appear to limit E. americana to low altitude locations north of 60°N latitude. Eight of the temperature adaptations of the egg and adult stages together seem to limit southward extension of the range. Entomoscelis Chevr. appears to have a Holarctic distribution, with 11 species in the Palearctic region and one (E. americana) in the Nearctic region. The stock giving rise to E. americana may have migrated to North America during the Pleistocene when the Bering land bridge was in existence. Entomoscelis americana likely spent the Wisconsinan glacial period south of the ice in the Western Cordillera and (or) in central United States.

A review of the ectoparasitic Leptinus beetles of North America (Coleoptera: Leptinidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1517-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Bering Land Bridge ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Central United States

Leptinus beetles are facultative ectoparasites known to occur on 18 species of small mammals in North America. Leptinus americanus is restricted to the central United States, west of the Mississippi River. Its hosts and seasonality are unknown. Leptinus orientamericanus n.sp. is widespread east of the Mississippi River. It occurs on seven hosts, most frequently on Blarina brevicauda and Scalopus aquaticus and during fall and winter months. Leptinus occidentamericanus n.sp. has a range in western North America from California to Alaska and the Yukon. It occurs on 11 hosts, most frequently on Sorex trowbridgii, and during spring and fall months. A hypothesis of evolution is given for all nine species in the genus. It suggests a Palaearctic origin for the family and genus and an early Tertiary entry to North America by a Bering land bridge.

Host-Plant Specialization Mediates the Influence of Plant Abundance on Host Use by Flower Head-Feeding Insects

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola A. F. Nobre ◽  
Leonardo L. Bergamini ◽  
Thomas M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Leonardo R. Jorge ◽  
Mário Almeida-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Host Plant Specialization

Diversity and distribution of the superfamily Grylloidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Gryllidea) in the Nearctic region

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5040 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
XIN ZHAO ◽  
DANDAN FENG ◽  
YUNTAO LI ◽  
HAOYU LIU
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Southeastern Coastal Plain ◽  
Regional Similarity ◽  
Nearctic Region

Based on the geographic distribution database of the Orthoptera Species File, the diversity and distribution of the superfamily Grylloidea in the Nearctic region was studied using the statistics and Sorensen dissimilarity coefficient. A total of 164 species or subspecies belonging to 4 families, 9 subfamilies and 27 genera were recorded from this region; among which Gryllidae (93, 56.70%), followed by Trigonidiidae (44, 26.83%), Mogoplistidae (25, 15.24%), and Phalangopsidae (2, 1.22%). The diversity exhibits an asymmetric distribution pattern, with the southeastern coastal plain, the Interior Plateau and Piedmont of the United States was the most abundant. At the same time, the regional similarity of species distribution was analyzed, and the Nearctic was divided into four subregions: Boreal & Arctic zone of North America, Eastern temperate North America, Northeast temperate North America, and Southern North America & western temperate North America.  

Toward a biogeographic regionalization of the Nearctic region: Area nomenclature and digital map

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-375
Author(s):  
TANIA ESCALANTE ◽  
GERARDO RODRÍGUEZ-TAPIA ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Biogeographic Regionalization ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Nearctic Region

We provide a preliminary nomenclatural proposal and a digital map of the Nearctic region, based on published regionalizations, especially Dice (1943), and applying the International Code of Area Nomenclature. The Nearctic region is comprised of three subregions (one of them with two dominions), one transition zone and 29 provinces. The Arctic subregion, in northern North America and Greenland, includes the Eskimoan, Hudsonian, Aleutian and Sitkan provinces. The Western subregion, in western North America, includes the Californian dominion, with the Californian and Oregonian provinces; and the Rocky Mountain dominion, including the Montanian, Saskatchewan, Palusian, Artemisian, Coloradan, Kansan, Mohavian, Navahonian, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, Comanche, and Baja California provinces. The Alleghany subregion, in eastern North America, includes the Illinoian, Canadian, Carolinian, Texan, Austroriparian, and Tamaulipan provinces. The Mexican Transition Zone, situated in the area of overlap with the Neotropical region, includes the Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur and Chiapas Highlands provinces.  

New Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) of North America. Part IV. Genera Eugnoriste Coquillett and Keilbachia Mohrig

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4319 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
WERNER MOHRIG ◽  
ELLEN KAUSCHKE
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Nearctic Region

In the Nearctic region the genus Eugnoriste includes 7 species currently. Four of them are new to science. These are Eugnoriste brachycostalis sp. n., Eug. florea sp. n., Eug. hirsuta sp. n. and Eug. ptilosis sp. n. The male of Eug. brevirostris Coquillett, which has been unknown until now, was identified and described herein. Moreover, an additional description and figures were given for Eug. occidentalis Coquillett. Eugnoriste villosoabdominalis Mohrig is reported as new for North America. The genus Keilbachia includes three species in the Nearctic region presently. Two of them are new to science. These are Keilbachia americana sp. n. and K. semiacuta sp. n.        All species presented here were diagnosed, keyed and illustrated by figures as well as data of their distribution provided. 

scholarly journals Evolution of the early Mesozoic Cordilleran arc: The detrital zircon record of back-arc basin deposits, Triassic Buckskin Formation, western Arizona and southeastern California, USA

Geosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042-1057
Author(s):  
N.R. Riggs ◽  
T.B. Sanchez ◽  
S.J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Colorado Plateau ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
Northern Nevada ◽  
Back Arc

Abstract A shift in the depositional systems and tectonic regime along the western margin of Laurentia marked the end of the Paleozoic Era. The record of this transition and the inception and tectonic development of the Permo-Triassic Cordilleran magmatic arc is preserved in plutonic rocks in southwestern North America, in successions in the distal back-arc region on the Colorado Plateau, and in the more proximal back-arc region in the rocks of the Buckskin Formation of southeastern California and west-central Arizona (southwestern North America). The Buckskin Formation is correlated to the Lower–Middle Triassic Moenkopi and Upper Triassic Chinle Formations of the Colorado Plateau based on stratigraphic facies and position and new detrital zircon data. Calcareous, fine- to medium-grained and locally gypsiferous quartzites (quartz siltstone) of the lower and quartzite members of the Buckskin Formation were deposited in a marginal-marine environment between ca. 250 and 245 Ma, based on detrital zircon U-Pb data analysis, matching a detrital-zircon maximum depositional age of 250 Ma from the Holbrook Member of the Moenkopi Formation. An unconformity that separates the quartzite and phyllite members is inferred to be the Tr-3 unconformity that is documented across the Colorado Plateau, and marks a transition in depositional environments. Rocks of the phyllite and upper members were deposited in wholly continental depositional environments beginning at ca. 220 Ma. Lenticular bodies of pebble to cobble (meta) conglomerate and medium- to coarse-grained phyllite (subfeldspathic or quartz wacke) in the phyllite member indicate deposition in fluvial systems, whereas the fine- to medium-grained beds of quartzite (quartz arenite) in the upper member indicate deposition in fluvial and shallow-lacustrine environments. The lower and phyllite members show very strong age and Th/U overlap with grains derived from Cordilleran arc plutons. A normalized-distribution plot of Triassic ages across southwestern North America shows peak magmatism at ca. 260–250 Ma and 230–210 Ma, with relatively less activity at ca. 240 Ma, when a land bridge between the arc and the continent was established. Ages and facies of the Buckskin Formation provide insight into the tectono-magmatic evolution of early Mesozoic southwestern North America. During deposition of the lower and quartzite members, the Cordilleran arc was offshore and likely dominantly marine. Sedimentation patterns were most strongly influenced by the Sonoma orogeny in northern Nevada and Utah (USA). The Tr-3 unconformity corresponds to both a lull in magmatism and the “shoaling” of the arc. The phyllite and upper members were deposited in a sedimentary system that was still influenced by a strong contribution of detritus from headwaters far to the southeast, but more locally by a developing arc that had a far stronger effect on sedimentation than the initial phases of magmatism during deposition of the basal members.

scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

scholarly journals Reproductive behavior of White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus) in the Pampas of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Alejandro V. Baladrón ◽  
Matilde Cavalli ◽  
Matías G. Pretelli ◽  
María S. Bó
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractThe White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) is a raptor that has been less studied in the Neotropics than in the Nearctic region, especially in relation to its reproductive behavior. In this study, we report information about the phenology and activity patterns of this raptor at the Pampas of Argentina. We found that White-tailed Kites have a prolonged breeding season, from October to May. Time-activity budgets of mating pairs indicated a pronounced division of roles in parental care between sexes. Females devoted most of their time to nest construction, incubation and chick care (80% of total time) and males to food provisioning and vigilance (70% of total time). We registered 11 cases of prey transfer from the male to the female. In four cases the transfer occurred in flight and in the remaining seven cases while individuals were perched. Our results agree with general patterns on breeding behavior of White-tailed Kites from North America, suggesting a consistent behavioral pattern throughout the species’ distribution.

scholarly journals Some ecological factors influencing the breeding success of the Brenton Blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Koedoe ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Edge
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nectar Sources ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Blue Butterfly

The Brenton Blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen, 1862) (Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae), is endemic to the southern Cape and is currently listed as Endangered. This study looks at some of the key ecological factors influencing the breeding success of the species—host plant abundance and condition, nectar sources, climate/ microclimate, and vegetation management techniques. The adult butterfly population was monitored over an entire breeding season; host plants were identified and individually monitored; and egg counts were done. This enabled the effects of a number of different management techniques to be evaluated (burning, cutting, physical removal of invasive elements, and combinations thereof). A fivefold increase in the population of O. niobe was observed over the breeding season. This increase was positively correlated to a similar increase in host plant abundance in the areas where cutting and physical removal of invasive elements was practiced. Burning, by contrast, appeared to have a negative impact on host plant and butterfly abundance over the same period. Impacts of other factors such as climate, nectar sources and the natural strength of the second brood are discussed. A hypothesis, of megaherbivore activity as the principal historical disturbance mechanism promoting locally favourable conditions for O. niobe to establish and maintain colonies, is proposed. Recommendations for reserve management and future research are made.

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