FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICACY AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF AERIAL SPRAYS AGAINST THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 941-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Aerial Sprays ◽  
Damage Condition ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractEvaluations of individually collected wheat heads and whole plants indicated that several factors may influence the efficacy of aerial sprays against the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin). These factors related to methods of assessing midge damage, condition of wheat heads during spraying, and methods of spray application. Location- and distribution-related influences also were important.Efficacy assessments were based on reductions in midge larvae, midge-damaged kernels, and percentage kernel damage. The latter data were confounded by differences in kernel numbers within wheat heads. In head and plant samples, sprays were more effective at reducing numbers of midge larvae than reducing the incidence of midge-damaged kernels. Evaluations of individual heads overestimated the efficacy of sprays in whole plants which contained one primary and two tiller heads. Sprays provided more effective midge control and kernel protection in the primary heads, which emerged before spraying, than tiller heads, which emerged mainly after spraying. Protection was usually better in apical than basal regions of each head type. In whole plants, efficacy declined as tillering increased.Plant evaluations indicated that the high-volume (37.4 L water per hectare) chlorpyrifos spray provided the best midge control and kernel protection (95% and 87%, respectively), followed by the low-volume (18.7 L water per hectare) chlorpyrifos spray (87% and 76%, respectively), and low-volume dimethoate spray (66% and 53%, respectively). When improvements in both yield and grade were considered and calculations based on 1987/1988 wheat prices, net returns from the three aerial sprays ranged from $62 to $113 Canadian per hectare. Long-term benefits of the sprays probably were less favourable. Reduction in wheat midge after spraying would negate the benefits of an egg–larval parasite, Pirene penetrans (Kirby), which was present in low numbers.

Institutional volume affects long-term survival following lung transplantation in the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Kilic ◽  
Thomas G Gleason ◽  
Hiroshi Kagawa ◽  
Ahmet Kilic ◽  
Ibrahim Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Institutional Volume ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of institutional volume on long-term outcomes following lung transplantation (LTx) in the USA. METHODS Adults undergoing LTx were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry. Patients were divided into equal size tertiles according to the institutional volume. All-cause mortality following LTx was evaluated using the risk-adjusted multivariable Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier analyses, and compared between these volume cohorts at 3 points: 90 days, 1 year (excluding 90-day deaths) and 10 years (excluding 1-year deaths). Lowess smoothing plots and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify optimal volume thresholds associated with long-term survival. RESULTS A total of 13 370 adult LTx recipients were identified. The mean annual centre volume was 33.6 ± 20.1. After risk adjustment, low-volume centres were found to be at increased risk for 90-day mortality, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.56, P < 0.001], 1-year mortality excluding 90-day deaths (HR 1.46, P < 0.001) and 10-year mortality excluding 1-year deaths (HR 1.22, P < 0.001). These findings persisted when the centre volume was modelled as a continuous variable. The Kaplan–Meier analysis also demonstrated significant reductions in survival at each of these time points for low-volume centres (each P < 0.001). The 10-year survival conditional on 1-year survival was 37.4% in high-volume centres vs 28.0% in low-volume centres (P < 0.001). The optimal annual volume threshold for long-term survival was 26 LTx/year. CONCLUSIONS The institutional volume impacts long-term survival following LTx, even after excluding deaths within the first post-transplant year. Identifying the processes of care that lead to longer survival in high-volume centres is prudent.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin genotype and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Morton ◽  
Isabel C Hostettler ◽  
Nabila Kazmi ◽  
Varinder S Alg ◽  
Stephen Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Fisher Grade ◽  
Haptoglobin Genotype ◽  
Low Volume

ObjectiveAfter aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), extracellular haemoglobin (Hb) in the subarachnoid space is bound by haptoglobin, neutralising Hb toxicity and helping its clearance. Two exons in the HP gene (encoding haptoglobin) exhibit copy number variation (CNV), giving rise to HP1 and HP2 alleles, which influence haptoglobin expression level and possibly haptoglobin function. We hypothesised that the HP CNV associates with long-term outcome beyond the first year after aSAH.MethodsThe HP CNV was typed using quantitative PCR in 1299 aSAH survivors in the Genetics and Observational Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (GOSH) Study, a retrospective multicentre cohort study with a median follow-up of 18 months. To investigate mediation of the HP CNV effect by haptoglobin expression level, as opposed to functional differences, we used rs2000999, a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with haptoglobin expression independent of the HP CNV. Outcome was assessed using modified Rankin and Glasgow Outcome Scores. SAH volume was dichotomised on the Fisher grade. Haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 44 patients with aSAH and related to the HP CNV.ResultsThe HP2 allele associated with a favourable long-term outcome after high-volume but not low-volume aSAH (multivariable logistic regression). However rs2000999 did not predict outcome. The HP2 allele associated with lower CSF haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex levels. The CSF Hb concentration after high-volume and low-volume aSAH was, respectively, higher and lower than the Hb-binding capacity of CSF haptoglobin.ConclusionThe HP2 allele carries a favourable long-term prognosis after high-volume aSAH. Haptoglobin and the Hb clearance pathway are therapeutic targets after aSAH.

Patients with undetectable PSA 2 years after docetaxel for metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17044-e17044
Author(s):  
Mohammad O. Atiq ◽  
Shruti Gandhy ◽  
Fatima Karzai ◽  
Marijo Bilusic ◽  
Lisa M. Cordes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Volume Group ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
To Receive

e17044 Background: Patients with mCPSC have multiple treatment options to combine with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) including docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide and apalutamide, all of which have demonstrated a survival advantage. While oral anti-androgens are administered daily until progression but are less toxic, docetaxel has more upfront side effects. One of the advantages of using docetaxel is that the 6-cycle regimen (over approximately 4 months) potentially affords patients a respite from daily therapies thereafter. Furthermore, docetaxel may be more cost-effective. In this prospective study, mCSPC patients were treated with docetaxel and Prostvac, a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Since this study was initiated, Prostvac did not demonstrate independent clinical activity in a phase 3 trial in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Nonetheless, this study provides an opportunity to evaluate responses to docetaxel-based therapy in mCSPC. Methods: Eligible patients included those with mCSPC and ECOG of ≤ 2. All patients were treated with docetaxel and were planned to receive 75mg/m2 for 6 cycles within 4 months of starting ADT, as per the CHAARTED regimen. Patients were randomized to receive Prostvac prior to, concurrent with or after docetaxel. Patients were restaged annually with CT and Tc99 bone scan. The study was powered to evaluate immunologic responses, which is ongoing. For the purposes of this analysis, all patients were analyzed as one group and long-term PSA responses were evaluated. Results: The study enrolled 73 patients. Age range was 41-86 with a median of 63 years. Race distribution was 71.6% White, 20.3% Black, 4.1% other, and 4.1% unknown. Gleason scores were 6 (4.1%), 7 (21.6%), and 8-10 (68.9%), with 5.4% being unknown. Median pre-ADT PSA was 34.75 ng/mL. Low-volume disease represented 41.1% of patients and high-volume was 58.9%. After 2 years from the start of ADT, 22% of all patients had PSA values of ≤ 0.2 ng/mL. This included 37% of the low-volume group and 12% of the high-volume group. Three years from the start of ADT, 14% of all patients had PSA values ≤ 0.2 ng/mL (20% of the low-volume group, 9% of the high-volume group). Conclusions: These data highlight long-term outcomes of 6 cycles of docetaxel for men with mCSPC. Although there are concerns about the short-term toxicity of docetaxel, there is potential for prolonged stable disease after ̃4 months of chemotherapy that allows these patients to defer additional oral anti-androgen therapy for years in some patients. The proportions of patients presented here are an underestimate of those who could continue to be monitored for slowly rising, but low PSAs, before starting the next line of therapy. Additional research is required to determine the optimal therapeutic sequence for men diagnosed with mCSPC and long-term implications for quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Clinical trial information: NCT02649855.

scholarly journals Influence of Individual Surgeon Volume on Oncological Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Buurma ◽  
Hidde M. Kroon ◽  
Marlies S. Reimers ◽  
Peter A. Neijenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

Background. Surgery performed by a high-volume surgeon improves short-term outcomes. However, not much is known about long-term effects. Therefore we performed the current study to evaluate the impact of high-volume colorectal surgeons on survival.Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of our prospectively collected colorectal cancer database between 2004 and 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: operated on by a high-volume surgeon (>25 cases/year) or by a low-volume surgeon (<25 cases/year). Perioperative data were collected as well as follow-up, recurrence rates, and survival data.Results. 774 patients underwent resection for colorectal malignancies. Thirteen low-volume surgeons operated on 453 patients and 4 high-volume surgeons operated on 321 patients. Groups showed an equal distribution for preoperative characteristics, except a higher ASA-classification in the low-volume group. A high-volume surgeon proved to be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in the multivariate analysisP=0.04. Although overall survival did show a significant difference in the univariate analysisP<0.001it failed to reach statistical significance in the multivariate analysisP=0.09.Conclusions. In our study, a higher number of colorectal cases performed per surgeon were associated with longer disease-free survival. Implementing high-volume surgery results in improved long-term outcome following colorectal cancer.

Evaluating the Economic Risk of Herbicide-Based Weed Management Systems in Corn and Soybean Using Stochastic Dominance Testing

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Hoverstad ◽  
Gregg A. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey L. Gunsolus ◽  
Robert P. King
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Dominance Testing ◽  
Weed Diversity

Herbicide evaluation trials are typically conducted with the objective of rating herbicide efficacy and assessing crop yield loss. There is little if any attempt to quantify the economic risk associated with each treatment. The objective of this research was to use second-degree stochastic dominance to evaluate the economic stability of corn and soybean weed management systems between two contrasting environments. Weed management systems were evaluated in small-plot replicated trials over a 3-yr time period at two locations in southern Minnesota. One location (Waseca) had a slightly cooler and wetter environment than the second location (Lamberton). The Waseca location also had higher weed density and greater weed species diversity. Adjusted returns from weed management were calculated for each system by measuring economic returns, as determined by deducting weed management costs from the product of crop price and grain yield. Stochastic dominance is a technique that considers the entire distribution of net returns from weed management and compares these cumulative distributions as a basis for analyzing risk. Climate, soils, and weed diversity dictated differences in risk efficiency and effectiveness of the various weed management systems evaluated between the Waseca and Lamberton sites. Stochastic dominance testing is a useful tool for understanding long-term risk across environments. Results can be used to develop effective long-term weed management systems that minimize risk while maximizing profit potential.

Long-term recovery of vegetation on two experimental crude oil spills in interior Alaska black spruce taiga

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Racine
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Dead Vegetation ◽  
Low Volume

Vegetation was sampled on two black spruce taiga sites in interior Alaska, 15 and 20 years after crude oil was experimentally applied as low-volume sprays or high-volume point spills. Low volume spray spills that uniformly covered the ground caused initial damage to vegetation, but after 20 years recovery of the understory vegetation was almost complete, with dramatic recovery and expansion of fruticose lichens. High-volume point spills created small areas of surface oil saturation with dead vegetation and little sign of recovery but spread out mostly belowground with little or no apparent effect on the shallowly rooted vegetation above even after 15–20 years. Because winter point spills created a much greater area of surface oil, their effects were more damaging. After 15 years on the saturated surface oiled areas, only Eriophorum vaginatum tussocks survive and grow. At both sites with surface oil, black spruce mortality was high, with no evidence of long-term recovery and with continuing chronic effects after 15 years. However, from a long-term perspective the black spruce taiga ecosystem appears to be able to recover from low volume spray spills and to retain large amounts of crude oil from high-volume point spills belowground with minimal damage to the vegetation. Because of the permafrost, removal of crude oil from this ecosystem by soil excavation is undesirable. In situ acceleration of oil breakdown using fertilizers and bacteria is a possible option; seeding or planting of E. vaginatum on surface-oiled areas may also provide some cover and belowground biomass. Key words: oil spills, taiga, black spruce, interior Alaska, vegetation recovery.

scholarly journals The role of Heart Failure Team in managing Mechanical Circulatory Support in a Swiss low-volume institution

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. E257-E262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Tozzi ◽  
Anna Nowacka ◽  
Roger Hullin ◽  
Patrick Yerly ◽  
Matthias Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Heart Team ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Procedural Volume ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Ongoing Support

Background. Outcomes after VAD implantation may be dependent on institutional procedural volume. Specifically, it is claimed that high volumes are associated to better clinical results. This study aims to determine if this procedure is safe even in low‐volume center. Methods. Single center, retrospective cohort study, including Heart Failure consecutive patients who received long-term VAD from 2007 to 2017. Primary outcome was survival to transplant or ongoing MCS at 1-year. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Results. Data concerning 50 adult patients were examined; 35 male (70%), mean age 49+/- 8 years. VAD was implanted as BTT in 48 and DT in 2. Devices implanted were: HeartMate II in 18 (36%), HeartWare in 20 (40%), HeartMate III in 12 (24%). Outcomes were: Death in 16 (32%), heart transplant in 24 (48%), uneventful ongoing support 10 (20%). Data were analysed according to pre and post-heart team creation and 2 groups of 25 patients were identified: 2007-2013 (mean INTERMACS level 3.1) and 2014-2017 (mean INTERMACS level 3.9) showing 1-year survival of 56% and 80% respectively. According to the type of device implanted, 3 groups were identified: HMII = 18 (mean INT. level 2.7), HW=20 (mean INT. level 3.3) and HMIII=12 (mean INT. level 3.7), showing survival of 52%, 78% and 91% respectively. Conclusions. Long term MCS can be implanted at low-volume centers with survival rate not inferior to high volume centers. A Heart team specifically trained in heart failure is probably more important than institutional volume in determining outcomes after VAD implantation.

scholarly journals Overcoming a travel burden to high-volume centers for treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas is associated with improved survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Schmitz ◽  
Mohamed A. Adam ◽  
Dan G. Blazer
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Grade ◽  
High Volume ◽  
National Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Retroperitoneal Sarcomas ◽  
Centralized Care ◽  
Travel Burden

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) at high-volume centers. However, high-volume centers may not be accessible locally. This national study compared outcomes of RPS resection between local low-volume centers and more distant high-volume centers. Methods Patients treated for RPS were identified from the National Cancer Database (1998–2012). Travel distance and annual hospital volume were divided into quartiles. Two groups were identified: (1) short travel to low-volume hospitals (ST/LV), (2) long travel to high-volume hospitals (LT/HV). Outcomes were adjusted for clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Results Two thousand five hundred ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. The LT/HV cohort was younger and more often white (p < 0.01). The LT/HV group had more comorbidities, higher tumor grade, and more often radical resections and radiotherapy (all p < 0.05). The ST/LV group underwent significantly more R2 resections (4.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.003). Thirty-day mortality was significantly lower in the LT/HV group (1.2% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.0026). Five-year survival was better among the LT/HV group (63% vs. 53%, p < 0.0001). After adjustment, the LT/HV group had a 27% improvement in overall survival (HR 0.73, p = 0.0009). Conclusions This national study suggests that traveling to high-volume centers for the treatment of RPS confers a significant short-term and long-term survival advantage, supporting centralized care for RPS.

Hospital Volume, Margin Status, and Long-Term Survival after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco La Torre ◽  
Giuseppe Nigri ◽  
Linda Ferrari ◽  
Giulia Cosenza ◽  
Matteo Ravaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Hospital Volume ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Margin Status ◽  
Negative Margin ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Low Volume

An association between hospital surgical volume and short- and long-term outcomes after pancreatic surgery has been demonstrated. Identification of specific factors contributing to this relationship is difficult. In this study, the authors evaluated if margin status can be identified as a measure of surgical quality, affecting overall survival, as a function of hospital pancreaticoduodenectomy volume. A systematic review of the literature was performed. Two models for analysis were created, dividing the 18 studies identified into quartiles and two quantiles based on the average annual hospital pancreatectomy volume. Regression modeling and analysis of variance were used to find an association between hospital volume, margin status, and survival. Increasing hospital volume was associated with a significantly increased negative margin status rate: 55 per cent for low-volume, 72 per cent for medium-volume, 74.3 per cent for high-volume, and 75.7 per cent for very high-volume centers ( P = 0.008). The negative margin status rates were 64 per cent and 75.1 per cent for volume centers with less and more than 12 pancreaticoduodenectomies/year, respectively ( P = 0.04). Low-volume centers negatively affected both margin positive resection and 5-year survival rates, compared with high-volume centers. Margin status rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy could, therefore, be considered a measure of quality for selection of hospitals dedicated to pancreatic surgery.

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