DISTRIBUTION OF ATTACKS ON SPRUCE STUMPS BY THE SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), AND EFFECTS ON THE LENGTH OF EGG GALLERIES

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Average Process ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Discrete Step ◽  
Spruce Beetle

AbstractThe distribution of spruce beetle attacks and length of associated egg galleries were investigated on 21 spruce stumps over a 4-year period in central British Columbia. Attack density formed a distinct vertical gradient which peaked near the duff line at about one-third stump height above the mineral soil. The proportion of attacks on the stumps that were located below the duff was linearly related to the ratio of stump height below duff and total stump height above mineral soil. Attack density was significantly higher below the duff than above. A three-parameter exponential function gave satisfactory fit to the attack density gradient on normalized stump height. A discrete-step theoretical model was also developed based on assumptions regarding beetle behavior during landing and imitation of the egg gallery and the physical characteristics of the host. This model gave an excellent fit to the attack density gradient as an average process over all stumps. Average egg gallery length was a curvilinear function of attack density with maximum average egg gallery length occurring at about 0.33 attacks per 100 cm2.

SPRUCE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) SURVIVAL IN STUMPS AND WINDFALL

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Brood Survival ◽  
Host Type ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSurvival of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, from egg to adult, proportion of 1- and 2-year-cycle adults, and egg and egg gallery production per attack were investigated over five generations in stumps and windfall in central British Columbia. Densities of attacks, egg gallery lengths, and brood in various stages of development were obtained by repeated sampling throughout the life cycle. Spruce beetle populations remained at suboutbreak levels throughout the duration of the study. There were generally no differences by area, host type, or infestation year in any of the measured variables. The mean numbers (±SD) of eggs per attack and eggs per centimetre of egg gallery were 80.8 (54.3) and 5.4 (4.6), respectively. Brood survival from egg to adult averaged 6.8%. The lowest and highest survival from egg to adult occurred in the same years as when the lowest and highest percentage of 1-year-cycle adults were produced, respectively. On average, 51.8% of the beetles in stumps and 19.1% of beetles in windfall developed on a 1-year cycle.

EFFECTS OF SEMIOCHEMICAL BAITING ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF FELLED AND UNFELLED LETHAL TRAP TREES FOR SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), MANAGEMENT IN AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW BEETLE POPULATIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Gray ◽  
E. Holsten ◽  
M. Pascuzzo
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

AbstractA two by two factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design tested single and combined effects of tree felling and semiochemical baiting on the attractiveness of spruce (Picea spp.) trees treated with monosodium methanearsenate (MSMA) to Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in British Columbia and Alaska. In British Columbia, tree felling and semiochemical baiting had significant effects on attack density, but in Alaska only tree felling had a significant effect. Semiochemical baiting had a significant effect on within-tree attack distribution in British Columbia but cot in Alaska, regardless of the felling treatment. The felled treatment captured more beetles than the not-felled treatment regardless of the baiting treatment in British Columbia, but only in the absence of a semiochemical bait in Alaska. The differences between the two locations may have been caused by lower temperatures and beetle population density in Alaska. Effective spruce beetle management with MSMA-treated trees requires tree felling, and beetle capture can be improved with the use of a semiochemical bait.

EMERGENCE OF DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM BURIED LOGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-541
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Logging Residue ◽  
Wet Climate

The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), causes periodic, widespread mortality of mature spruce (Picea spp.) in western North America (Massey and Wygant 1954; Schmid and Frye 1977). In British Columbia, logging of infested stands and felling of trap trees are the commonly recommended methods for preventing or suppressing spruce beetle outbreaks. Implicit in these methods is the requirement of treating infested logging residue, and removal for processing of trap trees after the attack period of the spruce beetle. The usual treatment for infested logging residue, prescribed burning, is difficult to carry out in most years because of the generally wet climate of spruce forests during the growing season and the fall period. The forest industry questioned whether burying infested logging residue would be effective in preventing emergence by the spruce beetle. The work described herein addressed this question.

scholarly journals 15N natural abundances in two podsol soils of two spruce forests differing in their atmospheric N deposition conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Sah
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Deposition Conditions

This study aims to investigate the changes in isotope ratios in foliage and soils of the two spruce forests [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] differing greatly in their atmospheric N deposition and climatic conditions. As expected, both N concentrations and <sup>15</sup>N values in both needles and litter were found to be significantly higher in the Solling stand (N-saturated) compared to the Hyytial&auml; stand (N-poor). For the N-limited site (Hyytial&auml; plot), a typical vertical gradient of the soil <sup>15</sup>N-enrichment (both in organic and mineral soil) was observed. The N-saturated site (Solling) differs from the N-limited site (Hyytial&auml;) with respect to the <sup>15</sup>N abundance trend in organic layer. In the upper organic layer up to O-f horizon, i.e. mor layer (0&ndash;3.5 cm depth) of Solling plot, there is almost a trend of slight soil <sup>15</sup>N-depletion with increasing depth, and then there is a <sup>15</sup>N-enrichment from O-h horizon (humus layer) of organic layer to mineral soil horizons. This is explained by the presence of prominent NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup> leaching at this plot

Response of lodgepole pine health to soil disturbance treatments in British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya M. Reid ◽  
William K. Chapman ◽  
John Marty Kranabetter ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Health Response

Soil disturbance from organic matter loss and soil compaction can impair site productivity, but less is known about whether these disturbances also affect forest health (defined here as the presence and severity of damaging pests and diseases, mortality, and overall vigour). We used six long-term soil productivity (LTSP) sites in the interior of British Columbia, Canada to test the effects of organic-matter removal and soil compaction on forest health, and to explore the relationship between forest health response and potential indicators of site sensitivity: mineral soil pH, base saturation, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), carbon to phosphorus ratio (C:P), and calcium to aluminum ratio (Ca:Al). Visual forest health surveys were conducted on 5400 15 and 20 year old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) trees. Soil disturbance treatments significantly affected forest health metrics, but this response typically differed among sites. Principle component analyses indicated the response of healthy trees was negatively related to soil base saturation, the response of dead or dying trees related to soil C:P, and the response of tree disease related to soil Ca:Al, pH, base saturation, and C:N. We found forest health response to soil disturbance varied among sites with relationships between response and soil chemical properties, suggesting a greater vulnerability of pine stands to disease with increasing soil acidity.

Prepupal diapause and instar IV developmental rates of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
Barbara J. Bentz ◽  
James A. Powell ◽  
David R. Gray ◽  
James C. Vandygriff
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Developmental Rates

DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.

The effect of fires on susceptibility of subalpine forests to a 19th century spruce beetle outbreak in western Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2974-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Kulakowski ◽  
Thomas T Veblen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colorado Rocky Mountains

In the subalpine forests of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, research on disturbances that have occurred over the past several decades has shown that prior occurrence of disturbances can alter the extent and severity of subsequent disturbances. In the current study, we consider how fire history affected stand susceptibility to a mid-19th century spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby 1837) outbreak. Twenty-one sites were randomly located in an Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. – Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forest across ~2000 km2 of the Grand Mesa area, Colorado. At each site, dendrochronological methods were used to reconstruct the history of severe fires and beetle outbreak. Stand-origin dates were estimated by collecting increment cores from 20–27 of the largest trees at each sample site. The beetle outbreak was reconstructed based on coincident releases among nonhost trees that survived the outbreak. Forest stands originated following severe fires in ca. 1790, ca. 1740, and ca. 1700. The 1840's outbreak affected 67% of these stands. Stands that initiated following the ca. 1790 fire were less susceptible to the outbreak than older stands. These findings indicate that stand-replacing fires have mitigated susceptibility to outbreaks of spruce beetles not only during recent outbreaks, but also over the past centuries.

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