EMERGENCE, HOST ATTACK, AND OVERWINTERING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN LARCH BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS SIMPLEX LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Langor ◽  
Arthur G. Raske
Keyword(s):  
Immature Stages ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Entrance Hole ◽  
Dendroctonus Simplex ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

AbstractOverwintered adults of Dendroctonus simplex LeConte emerged in May and June. One generation and two broods were produced in both 1983 and 1984. Females initiated attacks and males arrived within 2 days. One to four pairs of beetles used each entrance hole but each pair constructed a separate egg gallery.Emergence, host attack, and re-emergence occurred between 1030 and 1700 hours NDT and at mean air temperatures above 4°C. Peaks of attack, which reflect flight peaks, occurred at temperatures above 10°C. About 90% of all parents re-emerged from first brood trees and 61% from second brood trees.Only adults overwintered. Freezing temperatures caused complete mortality of immature stages. Thirty-five percent of new brood adults emerged in the fall and re-entered galleries at the base of trees for hibernation. Adult tolerance to cold increased from early fall to mid-winter.

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthesis of Magnolia grandiflora `St. Mary' in Response to Constant and Increased Container Volume

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martini ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Mean

Growth of Magnolia grandiflora Hort. `St. Mary' (southern magnolia) trees in containers spaced 120 cm on center was studied for 2 years. During the 1st year, trees were grown in container volumes of 10, 27, or 57 liter. At the start of the second growing season, trees were transplanted according to six container shifting treatments [10-liter containers (LC) both years, 10 to 27LC, 10 to 57LC, 27LC both years, 27 to 57LC, or 57LC both years]. The mean maximum temperature at the center location was 4.8 and 6.3C lower for the 57LC than for the 27 and 10LC, respectively. Height and caliper, measured at the end of 2 years, were” greatest for magnolias grown continuously in 27 or 57LC. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10LC to the larger containers compared with trees grown in 10LC both years. Trees grown in 10LC both years tended to have fewer roots growing in tbe outer 4 cm of the growing medium at the eastern, southern, and western exposures. During June and August of the 2nd year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been limiting factors to carbon assimilation. Maintenance of adequate carbon assimilation fluxes and tree growth, when container walls are exposed to solar radiation, may require increasing the container volume. This procedure may be more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall than in midsummer, because low solar angles insolate part of the container surface.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAGNOLIA GRANDFLORA HORT. `ST, MARY' IN RESPONSE TO CONTAINER VOLUME AND SHIFTING TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083g-1083
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L Ingram ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Large Container

Trees were grown for 2 years as a function of three container volumes (10, 27, and 57 liter) the first year and six shifting treatments (10 liter both years, 10 to 27 liter, 10 to 57 liter, 27 liter both years, 27 to 57 liter, or 57 liter both years) the second year when containers were spaced 120 cm on center, Height and caliper were greatest for magnolias grown in 27- or 57-liter containers both years. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10-liter containers to the larger container volumes compared to trees grown in 10-liter containers both years, Trees grown in 10-liter containers both years tended to have few roots growing in the outer 4 cm at the eastern, southern, and western exposures in the grow medium, During the second year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been primary limiting factors to carbon assimilation during June and August. Using large container volumes to increase carbon assimilation and tree growth may be even more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall compared to midsummer.

scholarly journals FIELD EVALUATIONS OF CRYOPROTECTANTS FOR PROTECTION OF TOMATO AND PEPPER TRANSPLANTS FROM FROST AND FREEZE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145c-1145
Author(s):  
K.B. Perry ◽  
A.R. Bonanno ◽  
D.W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

The ability of two cryoprotectants to protect tomato and pepper transplants during frost and freeze conditions was evaluated in Clayton, NC. A commercially available cryoprotectant (50% propylene block copolymer of polyoxyethylene, 50% propylene glycol, tradename FrostFree) was evaluated during 4 spring and 3 fall seasons. An antitranspirant (96% di-1-p-Menthene, i.e. Pinolene, a terpenic polymer, 4% inert, tradename VaporGard) was evaluated for 2 spring and 1 fall season. Protection from these products was not observed under the field conditions experience? Yield differences were not observed between the treated and untreated plants. With several days of cool weather preconditioning, transplants survived air temperatures of -2.0 to -1.0 C with no damage. However, with no preconditioning, damage occurred at -1.0 C without the formation of frost. At -3.5 C all plants, both treated and untreated, died. Both crops were stunted and delayed by periods of cold temperatures even when no freezing temperatures were experienced.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAGNOLIA GRANDFLORA HORT. `ST, MARY' IN RESPONSE TO CONTAINER VOLUME AND SHIFTING TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083G-1083
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L Ingram ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Large Container

Trees were grown for 2 years as a function of three container volumes (10, 27, and 57 liter) the first year and six shifting treatments (10 liter both years, 10 to 27 liter, 10 to 57 liter, 27 liter both years, 27 to 57 liter, or 57 liter both years) the second year when containers were spaced 120 cm on center, Height and caliper were greatest for magnolias grown in 27- or 57-liter containers both years. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10-liter containers to the larger container volumes compared to trees grown in 10-liter containers both years, Trees grown in 10-liter containers both years tended to have few roots growing in the outer 4 cm at the eastern, southern, and western exposures in the grow medium, During the second year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been primary limiting factors to carbon assimilation during June and August. Using large container volumes to increase carbon assimilation and tree growth may be even more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall compared to midsummer.

GROWING SEASONS AND THE CLIMATIC MOISTURE INDEX

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. SLY ◽  
W. BAIER
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Climatic moisture indices for a fixed growing season, from May to September, are compared with those for growing seasons defined as the periods when either the mean air temperature in the screen or the soil temperature at a 50-cm depth exceeds 5 C. Indices for the longer growing seasons based on soil and air temperatures have small differences at individual stations, but are larger than those for the May–September period. When arranged according to increasing index values, the orders of the stations are essentially the same when growing seasons are based on soil and air temperatures. These differ from the May–September order only in cases where late spring and early fall rains are heavy in relation to summer precipitation. Indices based on data for the May–September period adequately describe the water demand-water supply relationships during the period in which water deficits develop. When moisture conditions outside the May–September period are needed the accumulated water surpluses should be considered.

Characterizing the convective heat exchange with plastic shading nets under natural arid conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Abdel-Ghanya ◽  
Ibrahim M Al-Helal
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Convective Heat Exchange ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Radiation Fluxes

Plastic nets are extensively used for shading purposes in arid regions such as in the Arabian Peninsula. Quantifying the convection exchange with shading net and understanding the mechanisms (free, mixed and forced) of convection are essential for analyzing energy exchange with shading nets. Unlike solar and thermal radiation, the convective energy, convective heat transfer coefficient and the nature of convection have never been theoretically estimated or experimentally measured for plastic nets under arid conditions. In this study, the convected heat exchanges with different plastic nets were quantified based on an energy balance applied to the nets under outdoor natural conditions. Therefore, each net was tacked onto a wooden frame, fixed horizontally at 1.5-m height over the floor. The downward and upward solar and thermal radiation fluxes were measured below and above each net on sunny days; also the wind speed over the net, and the net and air temperatures were measured, simultaneously. Nets with different porosities, colors and texture structures were used for the study. The short and long wave’s radiative properties of the nets were pre-determined in previous studies to be used. Re and Gr numbers were determined and used to characterize the convection mechanism over each net. The results showed that forced and mixed convection are the dominant modes existing over the nets during most of the day and night times. The nature of convection over nets depends mainly on the wind speed, net-air temperature difference and texture shape of the net rather than its color and its porosity.

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

Analysis of Long-term Changes of Days with 25℃ or Higher Air Temperatures in Jeju

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Yumi Cha ◽  
Jeoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Cheol-Hong Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

Oil flow influence on accuracy of forecasting mine air temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
A.F. Galkin ◽  
◽  
I.V. Kurta ◽  
V.Yu. Pankov ◽  
M.D. Ilinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Oil Flow
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