RESPONSE OF THREE CHELONUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) SPECIES TO KAIROMONES IN SCALES OF SIX LEPIDOPTERA

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Chiri ◽  
E.F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Searching Behavior ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Searching Ability ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Larval Parasites

AbstractThree species of egg–larval parasites in the genus Chelonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) exhibited host-searching behavior when exposed to body scales from 6 species of Lepidoptera representing 3 families. The nonspecific response to scales from several hosts appears to be of adaptive value to Chelonus spp., as it is consistent with the polyphagous habits reported for this genus. The searching response was more widespread and intense in an Ethiopian Chelonus sp. than in 2 other species. It is thought that the broad responsiveness to host scales may detrimentally affect parasite searching ability through excessive loss of searching time, although sensory adaptation to the kairomones might serve to attenuate such effect. Some coevolutionary aspects of this host–parasite chemical interaction are discussed.

scholarly journals The attraction of Tremex apicalis (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tremecinae) and its parasitoid Ibalia japonica (Hymenoptera, Ibaliidae) to the fungus Cerrena unicolor

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumu Kuramitsu ◽  
Teruhito Ishihara ◽  
Aki Sugita ◽  
Thitaree Yooboon ◽  
Barry Lustig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Searching Behavior ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Saproxylic Insects ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi

Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) are saproxylic insects and a common forest pest. Siricid woodwasps are classified into two subfamilies: Siricinae and Tremecinae. All known symbiotic fungi of Siricinae are in the genusAmylostereumBoidin while some species of Tremecinae have been observed to have a relationship with the fungusCerrenaunicolor(Bull.) Murrill. Previous studies about the host searching behavior of woodwasps and their parasitoids have focused primarily on the subfamily Siricinae.We analyzed the role ofC.unicolorvolatiles on the host searching behavior ofTremexapicalisMatsumura (Hymenoptera: Siricidae: Tremecinae) and its parasitoid Ibalia (Tremibalia) japonica Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). The results of an olfactory response experiment indicated that the females ofT.apicalisand its parasitoid find their respective hosts using volatiles fromC.unicolor. Using DNA barcode, we identified basidiocarps on the trees infested withT.apicalis.The basidiocarps were all white-rot fungi that cause sapwood decay, includingC.unicolor. Two additional species that we identified belonged to genera closely related toC.unicolor.Woodwasp species are known to carry symbiotic fungi in a pair of specialized sacs called mycangia. Notably we found that mycangia-like structures were absent in the abdomens ofT.apicalisfemales. To the best of our knowledge,Xerisspectrum(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is the only reported example of woodwasp species that do not contain symbiotic fungi in their bodies.Our results suggested that: (1)T.apicalisfemales search for host wood that is already infected with sapwood decaying fungus using volatile compounds; (2)T.apicalis’ female parasitoid also uses volatile compounds from fungus to locate wood that is infested with its potential host.

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) from muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, in the central Canadian Arctic, with comments on biology and biogeography

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2266-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Hoberg ◽  
L. Polley ◽  
A. Gunn ◽  
J. S. Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Holarctic Region ◽  
Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Larval Parasites

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen.nov. et sp.nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include well-defined cysts dispersed through the lung tissue (maximum diameter 40 mm) containing adult and larval parasites in a dense matrix. Transmission involves a molluscan intermediate host, as indicated by experimental infections in the slug Deroceras reticulatum. The parasite is apparently restricted in its geographic distribution and has been found only in a population of muskoxen northwest of Coppermine, N.W.T. This may be indicative of a relictual host–parasite assemblage that has existed since the Pleistocene. The pathogenicity, high prevalence, and intensity of infection in the Coppermine herd suggest that the occurrence of U. pallikuukensis has implications for the management of muskoxen in the Holarctic region.

Reproductive potential and Host Searching Ability of Entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Murad Rahoo ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Simon R. Gowen ◽  
Rehana Kanwal Rahoo ◽  
Shaukat Ibrahim Abro
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Searching Ability

Pre‐release packing and chilling reduce host‐searching ability of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata used in the augmentative control of tephritid flies

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Diana Mazariegos ◽  
César Pérez ◽  
Amanda Ayala ◽  
Francisco Díaz‐Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Searching ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Searching Ability

Parasites in space and time: a novel method to assess and illustrate host-searching behaviour of trematode cercariae

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Selbach ◽  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Automated Video Tracking

AbstractThe transmission from one host to another constitutes a challenging obstacle for parasites and is a key determinant of their fitness. Due to their complex life histories involving several different hosts, the free-living dispersal stages (cercariae) of digenean trematodes show a huge diversity in morphology and behaviour. On a finer scale, we still have an extremely limited understanding of the inter- and intraspecific variation in transmission strategies of many trematode species. Here, we present a novel method to study the movement patterns of cercariae of four New Zealand trematode species (Coitocaecum parvum, Maritrema poulini, Apatemon sp. and Aporocotylid sp. I.) via automated video tracking. This approach allows to quantify parameters otherwise not measurable and clearly illustrates the individual strategies of parasites to search for their respective target hosts. Cercariae that seek out an evasive fish target hosts showed higher swimming speeds (acceleration and velocity) and travelled further distances, compared with species searching for high-density crustacean hosts. Automated video tracking provides a powerful tool for such detailed analyses of parasites’ host-searching strategies and can enhance our understanding of complex host–parasite interactions, ranging from parasite community structure to the transmission of potential disease agents.

scholarly journals Bt rice does not disrupt the host-searching behavior of the parasitoid Cotesia chilonis

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Jörg Romeis ◽  
Huilin Yu ◽  
Yongjun Zhang ◽  
Yunhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Searching Behavior ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Bt Rice ◽  
Cotesia Chilonis
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