PHARATE-ADULT DIAPAUSE OF BARBARA COLFAXIANA (KFT.): DIFFERENTIATION OF 1- AND 2-YEAR DORMANCY

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Sahota ◽  
A. Ibaraki ◽  
S.H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Adult Diapause ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
Pharate Adult

AbstractDiscovery of diapause in Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) in the pharate-adult stage of development has allowed establishment of morphological characteristics to distinguish 1-year-diapause individuals from 2-year-diapause individuals at an earlier stage than previously possible. These morphological and some histological criteria are described. On the basis of morphological characteristics alone, 1- and 2-year-diapause individuals can be readily and reliably recognized by the unaided eye. The practical significance as well as the potential contribution of these findings to further research are pointed out.

THE IMMATURE STAGES OF PTYCHOPTERA LENIS LENIS (DIPTERA: PTYCHOPTERIDAE) WITH NOTES ON THEIR BIOLOGY

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Hodkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Pharate Adult

AbstractThe four larval instars and the pupa of Ptychoptera lenis lenis Osten Sacken are described. Instars 2 to 4 are very similar morphologically but instar 1 is markedly different. Both a pharate pupal and a pharate adult stage were observed. Larvae are found in stagnant marginal areas of ponds where water depth does not exceed 4 cm and where benthic deposits of plant detritus exceed 8 cm. Fourth instar larvae, under experimental conditions, survived up to 45 days without contact with atmospheric oxygen but development was arrested. P. lenis has a 1 year life cycle with an extended adult emergence season from late May to the end of July.

Developmental regulation of human gamma-globin genes in transgenic mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 7636-7644 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Stamatoyannopoulos ◽  
B Josephson ◽  
J W Zhang ◽  
Q Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
Gamma Globin ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Upstream Promoter

We report results showing that several gamma gene promoter elements participate in the developmental control of gamma-globin genes. Four gamma gene constructs with 5' truncated at -141, -201, -382, and -730 of the A gamma gene promoter linked to a micro locus control region (microLCR) cassette were used for production of transgenic mice and analysis of gamma gene expression during development. Mice carrying a microLCR -141 A gamma construct displayed downregulation of gamma gene expression in the adult stage of development, indicating that the proximal promoter contains elements participating in gamma gene silencing. Mice carrying a microLCR -201 A gamma or a microLCR -382 A gamma construct displayed high gamma gene expression in the fetal stage of development and complete loss of gamma gene downregulation in the adult stage, suggesting that the -141 to -201 gamma gene sequence contains elements which upregulate gamma gene expression and are dominant over the negative element 3' to -141. Extension of the promoter to -730 resulted in reappearance of gamma gene downregulation, suggesting that the -382 to -730 sequences contain an adult-stage-specific silencer. gamma gene expression in the microLCR -201 A gamma and the microLCR -382 A gamma transgenic mice was copy number dependent. All the microLCR -730 A gamma transgenic mice expressed gamma mRNA; however, gamma gene expression was copy number independent, indicating that levels of gamma gene expression were modulated by the surrounding chromatin. Our results suggest that multiple elements participate in gamma gene silencing. The findings in the microLCR-201 A gamma and microLCR -382 A gamma transgenic mice are interpreted to indicate that the LCR interacts not only with the minimal gamma gene promoter but also with sequences of the upstream promoter. We postulate that gamma gene downregulation is achieved when the interaction between LCR and the upstream promoter is disturbed by the silencer located in the -382 to -730 region. We propose that gamma gene silencing is achieved by the combined effect of negative elements located 3' to -141, the negative element located between -382 and -730, and the competition by the beta gene promoter during the adult stage of development.

Experimental Approaches to Studying Ethical-Unethical Behavior in Organizations

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Klebe Trevino
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Social Scientific Study ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
Social Scientific

The social scientific study of ethical-unethical behavior in work organizations is in an early stage of development. This paper discusses some of the problems of conducting social scientific research in this area and explores the potential contribution of experimental research approaches. Both laboratory and field experimentation allow the investigator to test theory-based hypotheses and to study causal relations. Examples are provided of investigations that have applied these methods to the study of business ethics.

The spiracular gill of the fly Eutanyderus (Tanyderidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Pharate Adult

The structure of the spiracular gills of Eutanyderus (Tanyderidae) is described. The surface of the gill bears a plastron that opens into the spiracular atrium at the base of the gill. Blood and epidermis are present in the gill lumen in the pharate adult stage. These tissues are completely isolated from the living animal at the pupal-adult moult. Although the cuticle of the spiracular gills is relatively thick, it is not rigid and the spiracular gills are flattened even when exposed to relative humidities as high as 70 %, and it is suggested that turgidity in the living gill is achieved by the absorption of water by the isolated tissue.

Timing of initiation of pharate adult development in Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2305-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota ◽  
S. H. Farris ◽  
A. Ibaraki
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Adult Diapause ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Pharate Adult

Timing of initiation of pharate adult development in relation to 1- and 2-year pharate adult diapause of Barbara colfaxiana was investigated. Histological studies and adult emergence revealed that pharate adult development starts within 24 h after pupation both in 1- and 2-year diapause individuals.

scholarly journals Biology of Bemisia tuberculata Bondar (Aleyrodidae) and parasitism by Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) on cassava plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN. Andrade Filho ◽  
AR. Roel ◽  
AM. Penteado-Dias ◽  
RB. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The whitefly Bemisia tuberculata has caused serious damage to cassava producing areas in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. However, little is known about the biological characteristics of this species. The objective of this study was therefore, to monitor the development of this species bred on cassava plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, and to determine its most vulnerable stages and its reproductive capacity, as well as measuring the length and width each stage of development. To obtain these data, adult individuals were kept in voile traps on cassava leaves of five different plants, totalling ten leaves. After 24 hours the leaves were removed from the traps thus making each egg-laden leaf an experimental unit. The lowest mortality rate was record in the last nymphal stage ('pupae) compared with the other development stages. The highest mortality occurred in the nymphs at the 2nd and 3rd instars. Each female laid an average of 6.3 eggs in 24 hours. Thirteen days after egg laying, every one of the nymphs was fixed on the leaves of cassava plants. From the egg laying stage up until the adult stage, the process took 26 days. The proportion of females was 73.5%. The average size of the B. tuberculata egg was 163.22 µm in length and 72.39 µm in width and the "pupae" is 915.82 µm in length and 628.71 µm in width. The measurements of males were 797.16 µm in length and 200.81 µm in width and the length females 916.12 µm in length and 338.99 µm in width. The parasitoid Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) was found in the insect stock culture.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Haplorchoides mehrai Pande and Shukla 1976 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from Chiang Mai province

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
K. Apiwong ◽  
Ch. Wongsawad ◽  
P. Butboonchoo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Record ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Characteristic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Chiang Mai Province ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Abstract Cyprinoid fish in Chiang Mai province has been reported the presence of a large number of metacercariae, particularly the metacercariae of Haplorchoides and those not identified to species. This study aims to investigate morphological and molecular characteristic of the minute intestinal fluke H. mehrai metacercariae in two cyprinoid fish species from Chom Thong district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand: the Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) and the White eye barb (Cyclocheilichthys repasson). A total of 180 fish (90 from B. schwanenfeldii and 90 from C. repasson) were collected over three seasons: cool, hot and the rainy season (December 2015 to August 2016). Fish were examined for H. mehrai metacercariae infection, including areas such as muscle and the inner side of body scales, by using a light microscope. The prevalence of H. mehrai metacercariae in B. schwanenfeldii and C. repasson was 73.33 % and 100 % respectively. Haplorchoides metacercariae were identified as H. mehrai based on the morphological characteristics; the position of the acetabulum and the number and arrangement of the acetabular spines. Phylogenetic analysis based on Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene showed that H. mehrai metacercariae from B. schwanenfeldii and C. repasson were the same species as the adult stage of H. mehrai from Hemibagrus nemurus and Mystus multiradiatus. Both morphological and molecular characteristic could indicate that Haplorchoides metacercariae originated from this study were H. mehrai. Furthermore, it is a new record of the minute intestinal fluke Haplorchoides mehrai in Chiang Mai Province

scholarly journals Script Structures in Modern Audio-Visual Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Balaban ◽  
Olena Levchenko ◽  
Ivan Krupskyy ◽  
Alla Medvedieva ◽  
Volodymyr Mykhalov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Visual Text ◽  
Future Work

Every last detail in a work of art of any scale depends on the correctness of its construction. This study reveals the essence of audio-visual text as an artistic area that develops and operates in the modern media landscape. The problem of determining the structure of the audio-visual script at the present stage of development was one of the most significant issues addressed in this study. The purpose of the study is to explore the main stages of creating a script for an audio-visual work as an intricate complex object that is the result of creative and production activities. The primary research method was the method of analysis, which managed to achieve the goal of discussing the current stages of creating and structuring the script of an audio-visual work. The task of compositional construction of the script for an audio-visual work is to unite its elements into one, giving the future work logic, harmony, and integrity. It was established which modern methods of writing a script are the most effective in practice. It was concluded that the use of modern methods of structuring the script in creating an audio-visual product contributes to its improvement as a work of art. The practical significance of the study is that the methodological basis of creating the script presented in this study can be used to construct any audio-visual product.

scholarly journals Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
IGOR V CHIKHLYAEV ◽  
ALEXANDER B RUCHIN ◽  
ALEXANDER I FAYZULIN
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract. Chikhlyaev IV, Ruchin AB, Fayzulin AI. 2018. Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 256-262.  The paper presents data on fauna of trematodes of a pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from 13 regions of the Volga basin (Russia). It consolidates data from different authors over the past 80 years, supplemented by our own research results. There are authentically known findings of 19 trematodes species at an adult stage of development. Three species of trematodes make the basis of helminth fauna: Pneumonoeces variegatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae and Diplodiscus subclavatus. By all species of helminths the following data are provided: taxonomic position, localization, area of detection, biology, definitive hosts, geographic distribution and the degree host-specificity.

Electron Microscopy of California Isolate of Cat Leukemia Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
T. G. Kawakami ◽  
G. H. Theilen ◽  
R. J. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vacuolar Membranes ◽  
Electron Lucent

Although “C”-type viral particles have been observed in oats with feline leukemia, the developmental stages, morphological characteristics and sites of replication have not been fully described. The isolation of an agent from a cat with spontaneous leukemia and transmission of the disease with cell-free preparations to newborn kittens presented an opportunity for an extensive eleotron mioroscopic examination of the feline leukemogenic agent.The agent apparently undergoes development by budding from the plasma or vacuolar membranes of infected host cells. The earliest stage of development is recognizable in thin section by a crescent-shaped electron-dense zone beneath the plasma membrane (Fig. 1a). This structure or bud enlarges progressively into a sphere which is resolvable into two concentric components and concomitantly causes a protrusion of the plasma membrane. Later stages are independent of the host cell proper. The immature forms (Fig. 1b), one recently detached from the plasma membrane, still maintain the internal morphology of the later stages of budding but is completely surrounded by a protein coat. The mature forms (Fig. 2) which develop by reorganization of the dense shells possess either a central electron-dense or central electron-lucent nucleoid. The difference between mature electron-lucent and immature forms appears to be an absence of the organized concentric shell in the former.

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