POSTERIOR DISPERSAL OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF MICROCTONUS VITTATAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractMicroctonus vittatae Mues. oviposit in the hemolymph of flea beetles, Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), by inserting the ovipositor into the host's mouth and occasionally, membranous areas between body segments. Some of the eggs are transported in the hemolymph posteriorly from the head to the thorax or abdomen, and some laid in the thorax are carried into the abdomen, but eggs hatch in all 3 body regions of the hosts. First-instar larvae that eclose in the head and thorax disperse into the abdomen where they develop. Egg and larval dispersal into the abdomen increase the probability that the parasite has adequate space for development.

CHANGES IN RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE FLEA BEETLES PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA AND PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN SASKATCHEWAN PARKLAND WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM THE BOREAL FOREST

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractMean catches of Phyllotreta striolata (F.) in allyl isothiocyanate baited traps decreased southwards from the boreal forest and northern parkland to the central parkland of Saskatchewan, while the opposite was true for Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Similar trends in the relative numbers of the two species were evident in sweep net catches in canola crops.

OBSERVATIONS ON DISTRIBUTION, SEASONAL LIFE HISTORY, AND ABUNDANCE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) THAT INFEST RAPE CROPS IN MANITOBA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
History Of

AbstractPhyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) was usually the most abundant flea beetle on crops of Argentine rape, Brassica napus L., in Manitoba, followed in order by Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. These three species and small numbers of Phyllotreta bipustulata (F.) were present on volunteer rape in the spring. A few specimens of a fifth rape-eating species, Phyllotreta robusta Lee, were trapped in April after hibernating. The three main species were recorded in all 16 localities in which samples of flea beetles on rape crops and/or volunteer rape were collected. Details of seasonal life history of each species are presented, as well as data on the abundance of the three main species throughout the year on rape crops, in overwintering habitats and on volunteer rape in spring. The relative abundance of P. cruciferae, P. striolata, and Ps. punctulata in different rape-growing areas of Manitoba is discussed.

DELAYED DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCTONUS VITTATAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN SUPERPARASITIZED ADULTS OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Delayed Development

The length of the developmental period from oviposition to adult emergence for nondiapausing individuals of a solitary endophagous braconid, Microctonus vittatae Mues., was usually about 4 wk at 20°C, 70–80% R.H., and a 16h:8h L:D cycle. However, living second and subsequent instar parasite larvae were occasionally found in adults of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dissected 25–30 days after parasitization. Most of these beetles also contained one or more dead parasite eggs or first-instar larvae, suggesting that superparasitism prolonged development of the single surviving parasite in each host. Therefore, the effect of superparasitism on the parasite's development was investigated by recording the length of the developmental period of M. vittatae in two groups of adult P. cruciferae, one consisting of a majority of superparasitized individuals and the other mostly of hosts with only one immature parasite each.

ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS TO FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta spp.) DAMAGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LAMB
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Beetle Damage

A 5-yr field study to develop a method for assessing the susceptibility of crucifer seedlings to damage by the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) is described. The recommended method consisted of five replicate 5-m rows per cultivar in a randomized complete-block design. Each test was sown three times at weekly intervals, to assure that at least one test received an appropriate level of flea beetle damage. Each test was assessed 4–5 wk after seeding by counting the number of surviving seedlings in each row and by weighing the dried aboveground portion of 10 randomly selected seedlings, although the latter discriminated fewer lines. The damage caused by flea beetles varied spatially, but this source of variation was minor and did not compromise the tests. This method proved adequate for discriminating among crucifer species and agronomically similar cultivars, some of which showed consistent, significant differences in their responses to flea beettle damage.Key words: Crucifer, rapeseed, flea beetle, pest resistance

EFFECTS OF COLLECTION METHOD ON ESTIMATES OF PARASITISM AND SEX RATIO OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) THAT INFEST RAPE CROPS IN MANITOBA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles

AbstractSimilar percentages of parasitized adults and of females of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) were collected in traps baited with allyl isothiocyanate and in a D-Vac vacuum insect net early in spring and in August–September, when non-reproducing adults predominated. In contrast, a lower percentage of parasitized adults and a higher percentage of females were collected in the traps than in the D-Vac during the beetles’ reproductive period, May–July. A similar difference between the traps and D-Vac was recorded for Phyllotreta striolata (F.) during April–May, when this species begins to reproduce. Therefore, the results indicate that traps used in this study are unsuitable for measuring parasitism and sex ratio of reproducing P. cruciferae and P. striolata.

OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE EUROPEAN PARASITE MICROCTONUS BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Release Site ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
Prairie Provinces

AbstractFemales of a European parasite, Microctonus bicolor Wesm. tested with adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles from Manitoba, oviposited readily in Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and occasionally in Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), but not in Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. Immature parasites developed and emerged from both P. striolata and P. cruciferae. M. bicolor is unlikely to provide economic control of P. cruciferae, which is the most important of the rapeseed-infesting flea beetles in the southern part of the prairie provinces. Further releases of M. bicolor should be in more northerly rapeseed-growing areas where there are higher population densities of P. striolata than at the original release site in southern Manitoba.

OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THREE NEARCTIC EUPHORINE BRACONIDS IN CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles

AbstractFemales of Microctonus vittatae Mues., Microctonus punctulatae Loan and Wylie, and Townesilitus psylliodis Loan oviposited and survived in only some of the species of crucifer-infesting flea beetles that they encounter on rapeseed. M. vittatae oviposited readily in Phyllotreta striolata (F.), less often in Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, and rarely in Psylliodes punctulata Melsh.; the progeny matured in P. striolata, P. cruciferae, and P. pusilla. M. punctulatae oviposited readily in P. punctulata and P. pusilla, occasionally in P. striolata, but never in P. cruciferae; the progeny matured only in P. punctulata and P. pusilla. Females of T. psylliodis oviposited readily in P. punctulata, rarely in P. pusilla and P. striolata, but never in P. cruciferae; parasite progeny matured only in P. punctulata.

FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ATTACKING RAPE CROPS IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Adult Flea ◽  
Prairie Provinces

AbstractAdults of five species of flea beetles were found attacking rape crops (Brassica napusL. andBrassica campestrisL.) in the Canadian prairie provinces from 1971 to 1974.Phyllotreta cruciferae(Goeze) was the most abundant and serious pest, followed in order byPsylliodes punctulataMelsh. andPhyllotreta striolata(F.) (=vittata(F.)), whilePhyllotreta albionica(Lec.) andPhyllotreta robustaLec. were present only occasionally. The fourPhyllotretaspecies confined their feeding largely to cruciferous plants, butPsyl.punctulatahad a broader host range. All of the five species overwintered as adults, usually in leaf litter or turf beneath hedges, poplar groves, or fencerows, or sometimes in the soil in fields, and all became active with the arrival of warm sunny weather in the spring, withPsyl.punctulatausually being the first to appear. All appeared to have but one generation per year, with mating and egg laying occurring in the spring, the larvae inhabiting the soil and feeding on host-plant roots, and the new generation of adults emerging from pupae in the soil in late July and in August. The overwintered adults usually died in late June or early July, so there was a period in July when adult flea beetles were scarce. The most serious damage to rape crops by flea beetles was caused by overwintered adults attacking seedling crops in the spring; movement of these beetles into crops took the form of a creeping infestation moving from plant to plant into the field from nearby volunteer rape of cruciferous weed feeding grounds, or a more rapid and even infestation of a whole field with flight probably being the major method of movement. Flea beetles fed most actively when the weather was sunny, warm, and dry; cool damp weather reduced the intensity of attack and aided plant growth. Shade, such as exists in a healthy stand of rape beyond the pre-bloom stage, also inhibited attack. Occasionally, late-maturing rape crops were damaged in late summer by new generation adult flea beetles, particularlyP.cruciferae, feeding on the green epidermis of the stems, leaves, and pods.A field key for separating the five flea beetle species attacking rape crops in the Canadian prairie provinces is given.

EFFECTS OF FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA SPP. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA), ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CANOLA, RAPE AND YELLOW MUSTARD

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe effects of damage by natural infestations of the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) on field plots of canola, rape (Brassica napus L.), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are described. Damage occurred primarily during the first few weeks after emergence: seedling mortality was high during the first week and growth was reduced during at least the first 2 weeks. This early damage delayed plant development, caused unevenness in height and maturity, and reduced seed yield and raised the chlorophyll content of the seed.Comparison among tests and treatments showed that a later-seeded test suffered less damage, and that carbofuran-treated plots were better protected than lindane-treated plots although the latter suffered slightly lower plant mortality. Yellow mustard showed a high level of resistance to flea beetle damage in comparison to rape and canola. Small differences in susceptibility were detected among three cultivars of B. napus.

Observations on the function of the choriothete and on egg hatching in Glossina spp. (Dipt., Glossinidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Whole Mounts

The choriothete in Glossina austeni Newst. and G. morsitans Westw. was studied from serial sections of females, from dissected material and whole mounts of eggs and larvae. The choriothete cells are secretory and, while an embryo or first-instar larva is attached to it, are not stretched. The external muscles dilate the uterus or support the uterus and embryo. There is no sign of major folding or muscular tension during dechorionation of the egg. It is concluded, in contrast to recent work, that the choriothete is an organ for the support of developing embryos. Hatching of the first-instar larvae is probably achieved by means of a labral egg tooth.

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