THE INTRINSIC RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON COLLARDS (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Culliney ◽  
David Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Demographic analysis of a species population can be useful in gaining insight into its dynamics in a particular environment. The calculated intrinsic rate of increase of a population may be valuable in predicting population performance. As a single, discrete value, it serves as a quantitative measure, or ecological index, of the response of a species to a set of environmental conditions (Birch 1948; Messenger 1964).

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247978
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Małgorzata Gaborska ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.

DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON UPPER AND LOWER LEAVES OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Jansson ◽  
Z. Smilowitz
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Vertical Leaf ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproductive Life

AbstractThe influence of potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum tuberosum (L.) cvs. Katahdin (long-season), Norchip (mid-season), and Superior (short-season)) and vertical leaf position on certain life statistics of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were assessed in a glasshouse environment. Aphids were caged on upper and lower leaves of each cultivar. Developmental time requirements for pre-reproductive life stages were similar among cultivars and between leaf positions. Longevity was similar among cultivars within leaf position. However, aphids survived 62.3, 53.6, and longer on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin (p < 0.05 on Superior and Katahdin). Mean generation time (MGT) was similar among cultivars on upper leaves. On lower leaves, MGT was shorter on Superior than on Katahdin. MGT was 15.2, 6.9, and shorter on lower leaves than on upper leaves of Superior, Norchip, and Katahdin, respectively (p < 0.05 on Superior). Total fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase were greater on the lower leaves of each cultivar.

Seed treatments with thiamine reduce the performance of generalist and specialist aphids on crop plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hamada ◽  
J. Fatehi ◽  
L.M.V. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThiamine is a vitamin that has been shown to act as a trigger to activate plant defence and reduce pathogen and nematode infection as well as aphid settling and reproduction. We have here investigated whether thiamine treatments of seeds (i.e. seed dressing) would increase plant resistance against aphids and whether this would have different effects on a generalist than on specialist aphids. Seeds of wheat, barley, oat and pea were treated with thiamine alone or in combination with the biocontrol bacteriaPseudomonas chlororaphisMA 342 (MA 342). Plants were grown in climate chambers. The effects of seed treatment on fecundity, host acceptance and life span were studied on specialist aphids bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris) and on the generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer). Thiamine seed treatments reduced reproduction and host acceptance of all three aphid species. The number of days to reproduction, the length of the reproductive life, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase were found reduced for bird cherry-oat aphid after thiamine treatment of the cereal seeds. MA 342 did not have any effect in any of the plant-aphid combinations, except a weak decrease of pea aphid reproduction on pea. The results show that there are no differential effects of either thiamine or MA 342 seed treatments on specialist and generalist aphids and suggest that seed treatments with thiamine has a potential in aphid pest management.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Rate of Increase (rm) of Aphis Gossypii Glover Infesting Brinjal Plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Md Matiur Rahman ◽  
Pankoj Kumar Sarker ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
F1 Generation

Context: Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of Aphis gossypii is important factor to know the actual increase of population which is governed by physical factors of environment.Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of A. gossypii which is the basic knowledge of IPM program.Materials and Methods: The nymphal duration, pre-reproductive period, reproductive period, fecundity, longevity, etc. were observed within the glass chimneys. The newly born nymphs were considered as F1 generations. Similarly, the first progeny of F1 generation were released in other glass chimneys to have F2 generation. In this way, F3, F4 and F5 generations were obtained. Data for duration between birth of a nymph and its first laid progeny (d) and number of progeny (Md) per female were recorded. Altogether data of 8 replications were considered for the calculation of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of A. gossypii infesting brinjal plants.Results: Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) value was highest (0.322 ± 0.005) for the F1 generation, followed by F2 (0.317 ± 0.003) and it was lowest (0.303 ± 0.002) for F5 generation. Temperature influenced the (rm) significantly (r= 0.903, p<0.05). Dew point also influenced the rm of A. gossypii significantly (0.882 P<0.05). Relative humidity played insignificant role (r= 0.428) on the rm of A. gossypii.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are essential to know the actual populations increase which important to pest control.Key words: Aphis gossypii; brinjal; intrinsic rate of increase.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7118J. bio-sci. 17: 123-127, 2009

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE): FECUNDITY, INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE, AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThe reproductive and demographic statistics of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao parasitizing third-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At host densities of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 aphids/day, the parasite lived an average of 7 days at 20.5 °C. At host densities of ≤20 aphids/day, the total number of eggs laid and the total number of hosts attacked were limited by the numbers of hosts available. Fecundity was highest with an average of 870 eggs/female at density 100; the maximum number of eggs laid by any female was 1770. Superparasitism was common at all densities, resulting in up to 84% (at density 5) of all eggs being wasted. The relationship between host density and the number of aphids attacked per egg laid was linear for densities of ≥20 aphids/day. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) varied with the host density. It reached maximum value at density 100, calculated as 0.358 female/female/day and assuming an overall sex ratio of 1:1 males:females. Regression equations describing r as a function of host density and parasite sex ratio are provided. It is shown that the potential rate of increase of A. smithi exceeds that of the pea aphid over a broad range of average conditions. The parasite's functional response was convex (Holling type II) and decelerated with increasing density. The intrinsic attack rate (a′) and handling time (Th) were estimated from the functional response curve as a′ = 6.62 days−1 and Th = 0.0033 day (4.7 min). The ‘random parasite’ equation satisfactorily predicted the number of aphids attacked at each density.

Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
Shuyan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Temperature is one of the main factors affecting insect growth, development and reproduction. The effects of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) on the development and reproduction of Cinara cedri Mimeur (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) fed on Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don were evaluated in this study. With the increase of temperature from 10 to 30°C, the development duration at different development stages gradually shortened. There was a significant positive correlation between the developmental rates and temperature, following a quadratic regression model. The lower developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulated temperatures (K) for completing a generation were 4.13°C and 263.4 degree-days, respectively. The highest fecundity was observed at 20°C with 25.74 first-instar nymphs/female. Both the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r, 0.11 ± 0.03) and net reproduction rate (R0, 19.06 ± 2.05) were observed at 20°C, whereas the lowest values of r (0.05 ± 0.01) at 10°C and R0 (5.78 ± 0.88) at 30°C were observed. The results suggest that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. cedri and the optimal temperature for its development is 20°C.

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 &gt; 100 &gt; 60 &gt; 40 &gt; 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

scholarly journals Repeated stress exposure results in a survival–reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1683) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Marshall ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Future Reproduction

While insect cold tolerance has been well studied, the vast majority of work has focused on the effects of a single cold exposure. However, many abiotic environmental stresses, including temperature, fluctuate within an organism's lifespan. Given that organisms may trade-off survival at the cost of future reproduction, we investigated the effects of multiple cold exposures on survival and fertility in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . We found that multiple cold exposures significantly decreased mortality compared with the same length of exposure in a single sustained bout, but significantly decreased fecundity (as measured by r , the intrinsic rate of increase) as well, owing to a shift in sex ratio. This change was reflected in a long-term decrease in glycogen stores in multiply exposed flies, while a brief effect on triglyceride stores was observed, suggesting flies are reallocating energy stores. Given that many environments are not static, this trade-off indicates that investigating the effects of repeated stress exposure is important for understanding and predicting physiological responses in the wild.

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