DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF NATIVE BEE POLLINATORS ON BERRY CROPS AND NATURAL VEGETATION IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenna E. MacKenzie ◽  
Mark L. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Fraser Valley

AbstractNative bee pollinators were collected and observed on cultivated blueberry, raspberry, and cranberry and on natural non-cultivated plants such as blackberry, buttercup, fireweed, thistle, and hairy cat's ear. Higher abundance and diversity of native bees were found on natural vegetation than on berry crops. Native bee populations on berry crops increased from 1981 to 1982, although diversity was similar. Native bees were not abundant enough to ensure adequate pollination of berry crops, and therefore, the use of managed honey bees is advisable. Pesticide impact, competition with managed honey bees, and habitat destruction have probably decreased native bee populations in agricultural areas of the Fraser Valley.The use of a standard measure of native pollinator abundance, bees observed/min/m2, is recommended for future studies of this kind.

scholarly journals The best wildflowers for wild bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Nichols ◽  
Dave Goulson ◽  
John M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Native Bees ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Anthyllis Vulneraria ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Species Being

Abstract Governmental agri-environment schemes (AES) aim to improve pollinator abundance and diversity on farmland by sowing wildflower seed mixes. These often contain high proportions of Fabaceae, particularly Trifolium (clovers), which are attractive to some bumblebee species, but not to most of the ~ 240 solitary bee species in the UK. Here we identify wildflowers that are attractive to a greater range of wild bee species. Forty-five wildflower species being farmed for commercial seed production on a single farm were surveyed for native bees. Bee walks were conducted through discrete wildflower areas from April until August in 2018. The results indicate that including a range of Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Geraniaceae in seed mixes would cater for a wide diversity of bee species. A total of 14 wildflower species across nine families attracted 37 out of the 40 bee species recorded on the farm, and accounted for 99.7% of all visitations. Only two of these 14 species are included in current AES pollinator mixes. Unexpectedly, few visits were made by bumblebees to Trifolium spp. (0.5%), despite their being considered an important food source for bumblebees, while Anthyllis vulneraria and Geranium pratense were highly attractive. For solitary bees, Crepis capillaris, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis and Chaerophyllum temulum were amongst the best performing species, none of which are usually included in sown flower mixes. We suggest that the standard ‘pollinator’ mixes used in AES might be updated to include some of these wildflower species, and trialled as seed mixes on farmland.

scholarly journals “Farming with Alternative Pollinators” approach increases pollinator abundance and diversity in faba bean fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Sentil ◽  
Patrick Lhomme ◽  
Denis Michez ◽  
Sara Reverté ◽  
Pierre Rasmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
North West ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPollinators are threatened worldwide and strategies and measures to support their conservation are proliferating. Among them, the approach “Farming with Alternative Pollinators” (FAP) aims to support pollinators by seeding strips of pollinator-attracting cultivated plants surrounding the crops, and simultaneously providing income to the farmer. In this study we assessed whether this approach supports pollinator diversity in agro-ecosystems and increases flower visitor diversity and abundance in faba bean fields in north-west Morocco. We tested the impact of FAP using a variety of marketable habitat enhancement plants (MHEP): flax, coriander, arugula, chia and canola. A total of 62 pollinator species were recorded, among which almost half of them are new records for the region. Most wild pollinators recorded in faba bean were digger bees (genus Anthophora) and long-horn bees (genus Eucera). MHEP shared diverse flower visitors with faba bean and hosted diverse pollinator groups that did not meet their food requirements from the main crop. The FAP approach highly increased flower visitor abundance and diversity in the whole FAP fields, however it did not generate significant pollinator spillover towards the main crop. Implications for insect conservation: our results show that the FAP approach is an effective approach to mitigate pollinator decline in agro-ecosystems.

scholarly journals Pollinators on Cowpea Vigna unguiculata: Implications for Intercropping to Enhance Biodiversity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Beatrice N. Dingha ◽  
Louis E. Jackai ◽  
Barbara A. Amoah ◽  
Clement Akotsen-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pan Traps

Pollinators are on the decline and loss of flower resources play a major role. This raises concerns regarding production of insect-pollinated crops and therefore food security. There is urgency to mitigate the decline through creation of farming systems that encourage flower-rich habitats. Cowpea is a crop that produces pollen and nectar attractive to pollinators. Twenty-four cowpea varieties were planted, and the number of pollinators were counted using three sampling methods: pan traps, sticky traps, and direct visual counts. Five pollinator types (honey bees, bumble bees, carpenter bees, wasps, and butterflies and moths), 11 and 16 pollinator families were recorded from direct visual counts, pan and sticky traps, respectively. Pollinator distribution varied significantly among varieties and sampling methods, with highest number on Penny Rile (546.0 ± 38.6) and lowest (214.8 ± 29.2) in Iron and Clay. Sticky traps accounted for 45%, direct visual counts (31%), and pan traps (23%) of pollinators. Pollinators captured by pan traps were more diverse than the other methods. The relationship between number of pollinators and number of flowers was significant (r2 = 0.3; p = 0.009). Cowpea can increase resources for pollinators and could be used to improve pollinator abundance and diversity in different farming systems.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbicides on the Survival of the Brazilian Native Bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C.F. NOCELLI ◽  
S.M.M. SOARES ◽  
P.A. MONQUERO
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Native bees are key pollinators to native and cultivated plants. Understanding the effects of the products used in crops on bees is crucial and can help establish management measures that offer more protection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the 1/2 the commercial dose; the commercial dose (2,4-D 1,000 g a.i. ha-1, glyphosate 760 g a.i. ha-1, glyphosate + 2,4-D 760 g a.i. ha-1 + 1,000 g a.i. ha-1, and picloram 2% (v/v) and 2x the commercial dose of glyphosate, 2,4-D, picloram, and glyphosate+2,4-D on the survival of bees Melipona scutellaris by contact and oral exposure. We also evaluated the impact of herbicides used in semi-field realistic conditions on temperature control and weight of colonies of M. scutellaris. The results show that there was no decrease in longevity when half of the recommended field dose was applied. When field dose was used, topically exposed bees to glyphosate + 2,4-D had a decrease in longevity. In oral exposure both to the recommended field dose and the double dose, bees had reduced longevity, except those exposed to a double dose of 2,4-D. In semi-field conditions, there were no differences between control and exposure colonies. The data presented indicate that the herbicides may affect bees directly compromise their survival and indirectly they might affect the process of pollination.

scholarly journals Bioecological and Behavioral Interaction between Pollinating Bees and the Pioneer Shrub Ludwigia nervosa in Degraded Area Suggests an Exotic Bee as Its Major Pollinator

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Eliana Aparecida Ferreira ◽  
Samuel Boff ◽  
Sandra S. Verza ◽  
Rosilda Mara Mussury
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Behavioral Interaction ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Effective Pollinator

The flowers of plants of the genus Ludwigia are an important source of food for several species of bees. In the current study, we conducted an experiment with the aim to describe the reproductive biology and phenology of L. nervosa; to identify the species of visiting bees; analyze the foraging behavior of bees; and to investigate whether the reproductive success of the species is related to the foraging activity of bees. We found that the flowers received visits from several native bee species (n = 7), in addition of the exotic honey bees which came to be the dominant species. During visits the majority of the bees foraged in both resources, pollen and nectar. The significantly higher production of fruits in open pollinated pollination experiment compared to artificial cross pollination, suggests honey bees as effective pollinator of this plant species in the study site. Pollen deposition occurs efficiently, given the absence of pollen limitation. Despite massive visitation of honey bees, Ludwigianervosa is attractive to native bees, and therefore it may help to sustain population of both native and exotic pollinators in fragmented humid areas.

scholarly journals Big city Bombus : using natural history and land-use history to find significant environmental drivers in bumble-bee declines in urban development

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 170156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Glaum ◽  
Maria-Carolina Simao ◽  
Chatura Vaidya ◽  
Gordon Fitch ◽  
Benjamin Iulinao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Bee Conservation ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Native bee populations are critical sources of pollination. Unfortunately, native bees are declining in abundance and diversity. Much of this decline comes from human land-use change. While the effects of large-scale agriculture on native bees are relatively well understood, the effects of urban development are less clear. Understanding urbanity's effect on native bees requires consideration of specific characteristics of both particular bee species and their urban landscape. We surveyed bumble-bee ( Bombus spp.) abundance and diversity in gardens across multiple urban centres in southeastern Michigan. There are significant declines in Bombus abundance and diversity associated with urban development when measured on scales in-line with Bombus flight ability. These declines are entirely driven by declines in females; males showed no response to urbanization. We hypothesize that this is owing to differing foraging strategies between the sexes, and it suggests reduced Bombus colony density in more urban areas. While urbanity reduced Bombus prevalence, results in Detroit imply that ‘shrinking cities’ potentially offer unique urban paradigms that must be considered when studying wild bee ecology. Results show previously unidentified differences in the effects of urbanity on female and male bumble-bee populations and suggest that urban landscapes can be managed to support native bee conservation.

scholarly journals Flowers in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Pollinator Plantings and the Upper Midwest Agricultural Landscape Supporting Honey Bees

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Harper McMinn-Sauder ◽  
Rodney Richardson ◽  
Tyler Eaton ◽  
Mike Smith ◽  
Reed Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Honey Bee Nutrition

A present goal of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is to manage land in agricultural landscapes to increase pollinator abundance and diversity. CP42, or the pollinator seed mix, is planted and managed to support foraging pollinators with blooming flowers present at all points in the foraging season. This high-quality habitat provides an excellent opportunity to study honey bee nutrition and determine whether honey bees located near CRP sites use known resources included in planting seed mixes. This study aims to highlight the primary sources of honey bee forage in the northern Midwest as well as to assess honey bee utilization of the floral resources provided by the pollinator seed mix used for CRP plantings. We received pollen samples collected using pollen traps by beekeepers in Ohio, South Dakota, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. Metabarcoding methods were used to identify and quantify pollen collected at different points in the season. The results indicate that honey bees frequently used major mass flowering resources such as Glycine, Trifolium, and Symphiotrichum throughout the season. In addition, flowers included in the CRP pollinator seed mix were used modestly. These results have implications for pollinator seed mix design.

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Quality of Dendrobium Officinale Kimura Et Migo After Transplantation of Artificially Cultivated Plants From South to North China During Different Growing Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Guo ◽  
Shijing Zhang ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Guoqiang Yuan ◽  
Yafeng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Abstract Background: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional functional food and medicinal plant in China. Due to low natural regeneration rates, habitat destruction, excessive collection and commercial trade, D. officinale is severely threatened, and commercial artificial-sheltered cultivation has been massively used to meet the needs of the market. Aim: To comprehensively compare the accumulation of nutritional compounds during 3-5 years of introduced, artificial-sheltered cultivation from southern to northern China.Methods: D. officinale of the same species were artificially cultivated in the southern traditional cultivation area, Anhui and the new northern cultivation area, Beijing. First, samples were collected in the third, fourth, and fifth years of growth, and nutritional quality indexes, including polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids and total phenolic content, were determined. Second, an untargeted metabolomics method was used to investigate metabolic variations in D. officinale stems between Anhui and Beijing cultures in the fifth year.Results: After comparing the nutrient accumulation in different growing years, the idea harvest time was found in the third growing year in both cultivation areas. Of them, the contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids and total polyphenol were higher in cultivation in Anhui than Beijing, but the accumulation of alkaloid content was much lower in Anhui. The highest amount of polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale was found in the three-year cultivation in Anhui, which reached 515.75 mg/g. When metabolites were analysed, a total of 272 metabolites were detected in the current study, including 27 up-regulated and 73 down-regulated metabolites in D. officinale cultivated in Beijing compared with samples from Anhui. Conclusion: D. officinale artificially and transplanted cultivated from southern to northern China showed some significant differences in the accumulation of nutrient compounds. Planting in northern China has some specific advantages, but the overall nutritional value is not as good as planting in southern China. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the nutrient profiles of D. officinale through artificial cultivation in different areas.

scholarly journals Causes and Reasons of Insect Decline and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Showket A. Dar ◽  
Mohmmad Javed Ansari ◽  
Yahya Al Naggar ◽  
Shafia Hassan ◽  
Syed Nighat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Insect Decline

There are lot of reasons and causes of insect decline. The main causes of insect decline is attributed to habitat destruction, land use changes, deforestation, intensive agriculture, urbanization, pollution, climate change, introduction of invasive insect species, application of pesticides, mass trapping of insects using pheromones and light traps, pathological problems on various insects, and introduction of exotic honey bees in new areas that compete with the native bees for resource portioning and other management techniques for pest management, and even not leaving any pest residue for predators and parasitoids for their survival. The use of chemical insecticides against target or non-target organisms is major cause for insect decline. The diseases and decline of the important pollinators is still a mistry for colony collapse disorder. To overcome the cause of insect decline, various conservation techniques to be adopted and augmentation of artificial nesting and feeding structures, use of green pesticides, maintaining the proper pest defender ratio (P:D), policies and reaching to political audience at global level and other factors already discussed in the chapter may be helpful for mitigating the insect decline and especially for the pollinators, a key insect for life.

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