BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CEUTORHYNCHUS TRIMACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), A THISTLE ROSETTE WEEVIL

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Kok ◽  
T. J. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBiological studies were conducted on Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus Fabricius, a weevil imported under quarantine from Italy into the U.S.A. for evaluation of host specificity and potential for control of Carduus thistles. Females reared under day–night temperatures of 21°–10 °C and 9 h photophase oviposited an average of 211.7 eggs over 23.6 wk; the preoviposition period was 19.9 wk. Two oviposition peaks were observed each calendar year, the first from February to April and the second in November. Eggs hatched in 12.4 days with mean viability of 64.2%. There were three larval instars; the mean larval developmental period was 42 days, and the pupal stage averaged 15.5 days. Adult longevity for males was 43.9 wk and for females 43.5 wk.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER, AGRILUS BILINEATUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE), ON OAKS, QUERCUS SPP., IN WISCONSIN

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Haack ◽  
Daniel M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Quercus Spp

AbstractAgrilus bilineatus (Weber) is univoltine in Wisconsin. Adults were present from early June through mid-September; however, peak flight and oviposition occurred during the second half of June. Adults consumed significantly more oak foliage than foliage of hardwoods other than oak. Stressed oaks attracted significantly more adults than did uninjured controls, as measured by density of captured adults on sticky traps. Four larval instars were determined; instar IV was the overwintering stage. Fourth instar larvae generally overwintered in pupal cells in the outer bark or in sapwood if the bark was thin. Larvae, especially third and fourth instars, damaged oaks by girdling the conducting xylem and phloem. Attacked oaks had low root starch content relative to those unattacked. Tree death normally resulted after 2 or 3 years of borer infestation, yet tree death may occur in a single season. Initial attack usually began in the live crown and proceeded downward in succeeding years with no apparent reinfestation of previously killed areas. Mean adult longevity in days for adults fed red oak foliage was 28.1 at 20°, 37.8 at 24°, and 8.3 at 30 °C. Mean duration of the pupal stage in days was 11.7 at 24 °and 8.5 at 30 °C.

Observations on the biology of some members of the genus Tragocephala (Coleoptera, Lamiidae) associated with Theobroma cacao in West Africa

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-405
Author(s):  
P. F. Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July ◽  
Pupal Chamber

Members of the genus Tragocephala are widespread as pests of cocoa, and other tree crops, in West and also in East Africa. Those known to be associated with cocoa in West Africa are listed and observations are given on the biology of two of the more important, T. castitnia theobromae Entw. in Ghana and T. castnia cacaoensis Entw. in Nigeria, and a method of laboratory rearing and breeding is described.The egg is laid in an unhardened stem and the oviposition behaviour is complex; the stem is first girdled at a point where it is less than one centimetre in diameter and an oviposition slit excavated above the girdle. The ovipositor is inserted into this slit and the egg is concealed inside the stem; the adult finally closes the oviposition slit with her mandibles.The egg hatches after 11 days and the young larva bores upwards in the dead wood above the girdle. This phase appears obligatory and is followed by one in which the larva bores down into the living stem below the girdle. The mean larval period of T. castnia theobromae in the laboratory was 143 days (range, 70–228 days).A pupal chamber is made by severing the stem beyond about 10 cm. above the end of the gallery and filling the aperture with shreds of wood. The pupal period, in the last half of which adult coloration begins to show, is about 20 days for T. castnia theobromae and 23 days for T. castnia cacaocnsis.Laboratory evidence suggests that there is a post-pupal resting phase in the pupal chamber followed by a free-living non-feeding period; in T. castnia cacaocnsis these lasted on average 6·5 and 4·2 days, respectively, and were followed by intensive feeding on green unhardened stems. The length of life of caged adults varied greatly but the mean was 57·0 and 55·5 days for males and females, respectively, of T. castnia theobromae and 32·0 and 28·5 days for T. castnia cacaoensis. The least preoviposition period noted for T. castnia theobromae was 20 days and previously unmated males and females of this subspecies were still fertile up to at least 76 and 162 days, respectively. Mating normally initiated the bark-ringing behaviour of females and the maximum number of eggs laid by a female of T. castnia theobromae was 146. Considering only individuals that laid 25 or more eggs, an oviposition rate (number of eggs laid per day between first and last oviposition) of 0·51 was recorded for this subspecies. Host plants alternative to cocoa are listed for T. castnia theobromae and T, castnia cacaoensis.The oviposition activity of T. castnia theobromae was least in June, July, August, December and January, whilst for T. castnia cacaoensis very few eggs were laid in the main dry season (November to the following February).The eggs of T. nobilis (F.), T. castnia theobromae and T. castnia cacaoensis, and of another species in the Congo Eepublic, are attacked by the Encyrtid Aprostocetus lamiicidus Kerrich, which in Nigeria appears to undergo a larval diapause in the dry season. Whilst only 5·5 per cent, of eggs were attacked in Ghana, over 50·0 per cent, were attacked in Nigeria. There was an average of 11·7 individuals per egg and the ratio of males to females was 1:2·7.The Tachinid Billaea vanemdeni Fennah was parasitic on larvae of T. nobilis and T. castnia theobromae in Ghana, where its larval stage was in the region of 197 days and its pupal stage 23 days. Incidence of attack was highest from April to July and the two main adult emergence periods were June and September/ October.An Ichneumonid, Nadia sp., is parasitic on either larvae or pupae of T. castnia cacaoensis in Nigeria. Scolytid species incursive in wood dying after being girdled destroy many eggs in Nigeria, where geckoes and ants are thought to be responsible for loss of larvae.Tragocephala can be a locally important pest, especially of seedling cocoa and its numbers may increase considerably if unsuitable chemical control methods are used against other pests of cocoa.The bark-ringing habit in Cerambycidae is discussed.

Studies on Beetles of the Family Ptinidae

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Howe ◽  
H. D. Burges
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean

The biology of N. hololeucus, T. globulus, G. psylloides, S. squamosum and E. hilleri has been studied to estimate their potentialities as pests of stored products.They are widely distributed and feed on a very wide range of foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin.Adult life is usually longer than the development period. Oviposition extends over most of the adult life. In warehouses all stages of development are present together.At 70 per cent. R.H. the developmental period (egg laid to emergence of adult from its cocoon) comprises: 12 to 21 per cent. as the egg stage, 52 to 70 per cent. as larva, 12 to 16 per cent. as pupa and 6 to 19 per centg. as adult in cocoon.The mean lengths of the various developmental stages, including the larval instars, have been found under several sets of physical conditions.

Biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq) on host bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
T. Akter ◽  
M. M. H. Sohel
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (coq) on bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, using variety ‘BARI-Lau 1’. The mean incubation period, larval (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars), pre-pupal, pupal and total developmental periods of B. cucurbitae were 1.69±0.28, (1.72±0.33, 1.41±0.31, 2.31±0.51), 0.74±0.28, 9.2±0.78 and 36±1.69 days, respectively. The mean adult longevity, with food and without food was 14.1±1.28 and 5.0±0.81 days, respectively. The lengths of all three larval instars were 1.1± 0.9, 3.03 ± 0.95 and 6.42 ± 0.90 mm, and the widths were 0.22 ±0.11, 1.12 ± 0.01 and 2.13 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The length and width of the pre-pupa and the pupa were 5.86 ±0.48, 5.68± 0.26 mm and 1.94 ± 0.23, 2.39±0.20 mm respectively. The length of male and female were 6.61±0.59 and 8.28±0.52 mm. The widths of males and females with wingspan were 10.97 ± 0.43 and 13.02±1.28 mm respectively. The incidence of B. cucurbitae as maggot population in bottle gourd was higher in January during the study period from December 2018 to March 2019.

scholarly journals Developmental parameters of Xylochoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) fed on life-stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (f.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
AC Sarker ◽  
W Islam ◽  
S Parween
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abundant Supply

The hemipteran predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) predates the eggs, larvae and pupae of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in storage condition and checks their population in considerable level. The nymphs of 1st up to 5th instar and adults of X. flavipes were found efficient to survive on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instar and pupae of R. dominica. The mean duration of developmental period through five nymphal instars on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instars and pupae were 18 ± 1.00, 20 ± 0.58, 16 ± 2.00, 14 ± 1.15, 12 ± 1.15 and 13 ± 0.58 days in R. dominica. The adult female X. flavipes survived longer than the male. Average consumption rates of each nymph of 1st up to 5th instar and adult stage of X. flavipes were found highest on eggs, 1st and 2nd instar larvae but lowest on 4th instar larvae and pupae. The female predator always consumed more individuals than the male. Average survivability rates of nymphs of 1st up to 5th instar and adults were maximum on 1st and 2nd instar larvae and minimum on 4th instar larvae and pupae. The size of the female predator was found larger than the male at all the stages. Based on the ratio 1:1, sex ratio was the best (male and female almost equal in number) on 1st and 2nd instar larvae comparatively than that of other stages. Developmental period, adult longevity, consumption rate, survivability rate, size and sex ratio of X. flavipes were found always significant (p<0.001) in different life stages of R. dominica. This study reveals that mass culture of X. flavipes can be established on R. dominica in the laboratory to get easy and abundant supply of the bug as an agent of biological control. J. bio-sci. 27: 11-21, 2019

scholarly journals First Record of the Parasitoid Buquetia musca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) on Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758) Larvae aAlong the Syrian Coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Israa Ahmad ◽  
◽  
Ali Mohamad Ramadan ◽  
Louay Aslan ◽  
Nadia Ibrahim Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
First Record ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Syrian Coast

Larvae samples of Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected along with its host plant Foeniculum from Tartous governorate (Baniyas and Al Qadmous), Syria during the autumn of 2019. Samples were examined at the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. The larvae were reared and observed at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH, and 16 hr light: 8 hr dark photoperiod, until the emergence of either the parasitoid, Buquetia musca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) (Diptera: Tachinidae) or the host adults. The parasitoid larvae emerged from the 5 th instar larvae and/or pupal stage. The pupal developmental period was 11.7±1.32 days (n= 13) and adult longevity was 6.2±2.3 days (n= 13). Keywords: Tachinid flies, Buquetia musca, Papilio machaon, Syrian coast

scholarly journals Biological Studies on Dipha aphidivora Meyrick (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera): A Potential Predator of Coconut Mealybugs in the Philippines

CORD ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J.C. Orense ◽  
M.L.R. Imperial
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dipha (Conobathra) aphidivora Meyrick (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) is recorded for the first time as a predator of coconut mealybug, Sangicoccus sp. (Eriococcidae: Homoptera)) in the Philippines.  Some aspects of its biology and ecology were studied to determine its suitability as a biological control agent against Sangicoccus sp. The life history of D. aphidivora was investigated following the establishment of a rearing procedure. The incubation period of the egg was 4.64±0.70 days. The four larval instars larva were completed in 5.52±0.92, 3.40±0.91, 2.83±0.72 and 3.40±1.04 days, respectively. Adults emerged from pupae after 7.68± 0.99 days.  Adult longevity was 6.83 ± 2.30 days. The life cycle of D. aphidivora lasted for 32.42±3.63 days. Voracity tests showed that the four larval instars of the predator consumed an average of 150 mealybugs.

scholarly journals Effects of Insecticides for Controlling Hogplum Beetle Podontia 14-punctata under Laboratory and Field Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
MJ Uddin ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hog Plum

Experiments on hogplum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata were carried out to find out the suitable insecticide(s) with appropriate dose(s) for suppressing both larvae and adults. Results revealed that the highest mortality (100%) was found in 1st instar larvae after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505EC and the lowest mortality was in T4 treated leaves. The highest mortality was also found in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and adult stages of hog-plum beetle by T5 and T6 treatments. No mortality was observed in control treatment in laboratory trial. The mean number of larvae ranged from 1.5 to 7.6 per square meter of quadrate at one week after last spray. No significant difference was observed among treatments regarding percent leaf infestation at one day before 1st spray. The percent leaf infestation ranged from 5.01 to 9.82 at one week after last spray. The lowest percent (5.87%) leaf infestation was found in T6 treated plants while the highest percent (15.76%) leaf infestation was found in untreated control plants. The highest mortality was observed in T5 and T6 treated plants at all larval instars and no significant difference was found between two doses of each insecticide under field condition. The results of field trial also revealed that the minimum dose (0.75 ml L-1 of water) of Superior 505 EC is sufficient to suppress the field population of larvae and adults of Podontia 14-punctata effectively. Finally, it may be concluded that the highest mortality was found in all larval instars and adult stage of hog-plum beetle after 24 hours at each dose of superior 505 EC (T5 and T6 treatments) both in laboratory and field trials.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 79-83 2015

scholarly journals Effect of Leaves and Fruits Ethanolic Extract of Duranta repens on Mosquito Culex pipens pipens

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Biological Performance

The study aimes to investigate the effects of leaves & fruits ethanolic extract of Duranta repens L. on biological performance for all stages of life cycle of the mosquito Culex pipiens piepiens L., For this purpose the mosquitoes were reared in the laboratory till the fourth generation .Different concentrations of leaves (800,1000,1200,1400ppm) and fruits (800,1000,1200ppm) were tested on (eggs,larval stages,pupal stages and the adult stages). The results revealed that the extracts gave highest mortality rate for the eggs at(100%) compared with control,fruits extract shown highest mortality rate of the four larval instars (100%)at 1200ppm compared with leave extract at(80,50,33.33,20%).Also the extract caused a high mortality rate for pupal stage compared with fruits extract at(76.66,53.33%)respectively.Also ethanolic extract caused a 83.33,76.66% for male &femail. Developmental deformation was observed.. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that the leaves &fruits extracts of Duranta repens L., , can be widely and effectively used in the control of mosquito.

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