LYGUS HESPERUS FIELD LIFE TABLE STUDIES IN COTTON AND ALFALFA (HETEROPTERA: MHUDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Cave ◽  
A. P. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Intermediate Value

AbstractLygus bugs (Lygus hesperus Knight) were reared in the field on cotton and alfalfa to estimate their longevity, fecundity, and survivorship. In some tests, individuals were switched from one host plant to the other at the beginning of the adult stage.Net reproductive rates (Ro) and innate capacities for increase (rm) were calculated for each of the three test populations and used as indices of host suitability. Females reared on alfalfa had greater Ro and rm values than those on cotton, while those switched from alfalfa to cotton at the adult molt had the lowest Ro value and an intermediate value of Rm.

scholarly journals Comparative demography of the exotic Harmonia axyridis with other aphidophagous coccinellids reared on artificial diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Milléo ◽  
Francisco Sales Fernandes ◽  
Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
Biological Aspects

The objective of this work was to compare biological aspects and life table parameters of the coccinellids Harmonia axyridis, Cycloneda sanguineaand Hippodamia convergens. Insects were fed eggs of Anagasta kuehniella, and reared at 24.5±1ºC, 70±10% relative humidity, with a 12 hour photophase. Hippodamia convergenstook about 1.6 day to complete development, longer than H. axyridis, and 2.4 day longer than C. sanguinea.At immature stages, H. axyridisexhibited the highest survival percentage (49.2%), in comparison to the other coccinellids. For mean adult longevity, H. convergenswas deficient, in comparison with the other species. Mean period of pre oviposition was the longest in C. sanguinea; the longest oviposition time occurred for H. axyridis; and the post oviposition period was similar between the coccinellids. Considering the reproductive parameters, H. axyridisshowed the best performance in all aspects. For life table, the values of H. convergenswere higher than, although close, to those of H. axyridis. Nevertheless, the high net reproductive rate of H. axyridis showed this species potential to increase population size. The biological characteristics of the exotic H. axyridis favors its invasion and establishment in Brazil, corroborating results noticed in other countries.

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

Speciation of cestoda. Evidence for two sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider 1902) (Cestoda: Cyathocephalidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Renaud ◽  
C. Gabrion
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Biological Differences

SUMMARYUsing biochemical genetic methods, we have distinguished 2 sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider, 1902), which infest 2 congeneric species of sole (Solea lascaris and Solea impar) on European coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). Neither of the parasite species is specific for either of the sole species, but one of them is present all year round, whereas the other is absent in the autumn and winter and only appears in the spring, subsequently disappearing at the end of the summer. Only S. impar lives in the Mediterranean, and is equally infested by both cestodes, whereas both species occur in the Atlantic and each of them is preferentially infested by 1 species of cestode. The shortness of the adult stage of the parasite in the definitive host and the presence of 2 life-cycles associated with competition between the 2 hosts in the Atlantic could be responsible for the biological differences observed and for maintaining the sibling species in sympatry.

THE AGE OF ATTAINING BLADDER CONTROL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-626
Author(s):  
Wallace C. Oppel ◽  
Paul A. Harper ◽  
Rowland V. Rider
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Median Length ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Study Population

Data in life table form are presented from a 12-year prospective study of 859 children on the age of attaining bladder control for waking and sleeping hours by three indices: (1) age of initial dryness, (2) age of final dryness, and (3) the prevalence of dryness. By use of these indices the large contribution of relapsers to enuresis is seen. The prevalence of bedwetting in the study population was greater than that reported in other studies; the validity of this finding is defended. A larger proportion of female than male children attained both day and night dryness during the first 2 years of life. The percentage of Negro boys who first attained dryness was less than that of the other three race-sex groups after 2 years of age and was significantly less than that of Negro girls until 9 years of age. One quarter of the 817 children who attained initial nighttime dryness by age 12 relapsed; these relapsing episodes had a median duration of 2.5 years. One tenth of 855 children who attained initial daytime dryness had relapses, and the median length of these was 1.2 years. Relapsing occurred much more frequently in Negro than Caucasian children; it also was seen more often in Caucasian males than in Caucasian females. Low birth weight children had a higher percentage of children wet for both waking and sleeping hours than did full birth weight children.

scholarly journals Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽  
RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
K Value

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of  <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>

scholarly journals Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick De Deckker ◽  
Koen Martens
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Valve ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Valve Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the antero-ventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weakly-ornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented.We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself.We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modified state of adult Bennelongia.We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.

scholarly journals Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions

2007 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Quercus Cerris

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.

The ontogeny of ultraviolet sensitivity, cone disappearance and regeneration in the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Novales Flamarique
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Ultraviolet Sensitivity

This study examines the spectral sensitivity and cone topography of the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka throughout its life history with special emphasis on ultraviolet sensitivity. Electrophysiological recordings from the optic nerve show that ultraviolet sensitivity is greatly diminished at the smolt stage but reappears in adult fish weighing about 201 g. Concomitantly, light microscopy observations of the retina show that ultraviolet cones disappear from the dorsal and temporal retina at the smolt stage but reappear at the adult stage. These changes occur for sockeye salmon raised in fresh water or salt water after smoltification. In contrast to this ultraviolet cycle, the other cone mechanisms (short-, middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive) and the rod mechanism remain present throughout ontogeny. The natural appearance and disappearance of ultraviolet cones in salmonid retinas follows surges in blood thyroxine at critical developmental periods. Their presence coincides with times of prominent feeding on zooplankton and/or small fish that may be more visible under ultraviolet light. It is proposed that the primary function of ultraviolet cones in salmonids is to improve prey contrast.

The nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2436 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI ◽  
ANA E. SIEGLOCH ◽  
KARINA O. RIGHI-CAVALLARO
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
The World

Polymitarcyidae is a family of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeroidea) distributed throughout the world but with highest diversity in the Neotropics. Tortopus Needham & Murphy, with a Panamerican distribution, is known from twelve species described in the adult stage. Nymphs are only known for three species: T. puella (Pictet), T. obscuripennis Domínguez and T. sarae Domínguez, and present a rather homogeneous morphology (Molineri 2008). They were firstly described for T. puella by Scott et al. (1959) and later Molineri (2008) described the other two. Both studies reported that these species burrow U-shaped tunnels in clay banks of rivers and streams, thus preventing them from being sampled in most limnological studies (that use surbers, drags, or drift nets).

scholarly journals Variations in the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) Properties of Clay/Mineral-Medicinal Water Mixtures for Pelotherapy: Effect of Anion Type

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Pozo ◽  
Francisco Armijo ◽  
Francisco Maraver ◽  
Pilar Zuluaga ◽  
José Ejeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
The Common ◽  
Medicinal Waters ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Anion Type ◽  
Instrumental Texture

A peloid’s liquid phase can be mineral, sea or salt-lake water. This study examines the interactions among three materials, two special clays (bentonite and sepiolite) and one common clay, and three chemically different mineral-medicinal waters. In all clay–water mixtures, the hardness and adhesiveness decreased with the amount of water in the mixture. For a given hardness or adhesiveness, sepiolite retained more water than the other clays, especially in the presence of sulphate-rich mineral-medicinal water (73%). In contrast, the common clay retained the least amount of water (26%), and the bentonite samples returned an intermediate value for the amount of retained water (52–53%). These differences had a strong influence on the thermal behaviour of the mixtures and, hence, should be taken into account for their use in thermotherapy applications. There were no significant differences in the instrumental texture of the clay pastes according to the predominant anion in the mineral-medicinal waters.

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