EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON WINTER MOTH PUPAE, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycles ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPupae of winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), from southwest England were subjected to nine temperature treatments in the laboratory. The pupal period of about 180 days was unaffected by changes in mean temperatures between 9.5 °C and 16.8 °C. Adult emergence was delayed at a mean temperature of 17.7 °C; no pupae survived at mean temperatures above this. These results are compared with conflicting statements in the literature about the relationship of length of the pupal period with temperature.No pupae died when exposed to temperature cycles of 20°–25 °C in the early part of the pupal period. The same temperatures near the time of adult emergence caused increased mortality. The duration of the pupal period was unaffected by exposure of pupae to 12 h (rather than diurnal) temperature cycles.

Effects of temperature on membrane potentials of lobster giant axon

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dalton ◽  
D. E. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Squid Axon ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the range 2–20 C, the resting potential of the lobster axon shows a greater increase with increase of temperature than can be explained by the Nernst relationship. Action potential also shows an initial increase with temperature, peaks at about 16 C, then decreases. Maximum rates of rise and fall of the action potential increase with temperature increase; duration of the propagated action potential decreases. Afterpotentials in this preparation are in the form of a delayed repolarization; as temperature is increased, the magnitude of the afterpotentials increases, as does the rate of repolarization. These results have been compared with results already available for the squid axon. Differences between the two preparations occur in the relationship of the resting potential, action potential magnitude, and afterpotentials to temperature. It is suggested that these differences may be explained by the presence of a temperature-dependent fraction of the resting potential in the lobster axon which is not present, or is inactive, in the squid axon.

Sequential Sampling for Larvae of the Winter Moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.). (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Reeks
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Fall Cankerworm ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Population Counts ◽  
The Relationship

The Forest Insect Survey of the Maritime Provinces has been observing an outbreak of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), since its discovery in Nova Scotia in 1949. In addition to noting annual changes in distribution, the Survey has made population counts on 8 to 20 tagged trees of red oak, Quercus rubra L., at each of seven locations along the south shore of the Province. These trees were sampled each year to show the abundance of larvae of the winter moth and the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.). Both species are commonly found on the same trees, and their life histories are similar. The collections and subsequent rearings also showed the degree of parasitism by native or introduced species of parasites. The defoliation of the trees was estimated at the time of sampling and again at the end of the feeding period to determine the relationship between larval population and defoliation. Some of the sampling data, which were collected from 1952 to 1955, are used to develap the sequential plan of sampling described herein. Use of the plan at the sampling stations should reduce the number of samples while retaining accuracy within predetermined limits.

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Survival of Parasites in Stored Winter Moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
G. E. Maybee ◽  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Insect Parasites

Cocoons of winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), reared from larvae collected in Europe, were imported to obtain insect parasites for release in Canada. Normally the sequence of handling the host cocoons consisted of: summer storage (July to October); autumn storage (October to December) during which host emergence occurred; winter storage (January to May); and, finally, a period of incubation (May to June) to obtain in time for release against the larval stage of the host.

scholarly journals Snapshot or Signpost? The Role of English in Tadhg Ó Neachtain’s Early Eighteenth-Century Manuscripts

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Liam Mac Mathúna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Seán Ó Neachtain (c. 1640–1729) and his son Tadhg (c. 1671–c. 1752) were at the centre of an extensive circle of Gaelic scholars in the city of Dublin in the early part of the eighteenth century. Seán Ó Neachtain composed a broad range of creative literature. Although primarily written in Irish, his works include examples of Irish/English code-mixing as well as pieces composed entirely in English. His son, Tadhg Ó Neachtain, is credited with having written over 25 surviving manuscripts. He makes considerable use of English sources and of English itself in a number of these manuscripts, which are either pedagogical in nature, devoted to geography and history, or are characterised by frequent commonplace entries referring to contemporary events. This paper examines the interaction of the two languages in these manuscripts, exploring (1) the use of English language sources (textbooks and Dublin newspapers), (2) the content of the English portions of the manuscripts in question, and (3) the relationship of the English material to the Irish in the immediate compositional context. The paper seeks to assess whether the permeating bilingualism of these manuscripts is merely indicative of the contemporary socio-linguistic milieu in which the Ó Neachtains functioned, or can be regarded as harbinger of the subsequent community language change from Irish to English.

Seasonal trends and effects of temperature and rainfall on stem electrical capacitance of spruce and fir trees

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Lekas ◽  
R. Glenn MacDougall ◽  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Robert G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Seasonal trends of stem capacitance were generally similar among balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees and among plots. In 1987, stem capacitance increased following bud break until early June and then slowly declined until September 8, corresponding to an extended dry period (less than 27% of the annual rainfall of the previous 7 years). Dramatic increases in stem capacitance were observed following 55 mm of rain on September 9, 1987. During autumn of both 1987 and 1988, stem capacitance steadily declined; mean capacitance of trees in seven plots in October and November 1987 was 55–89 and 35–74% of values in June and July 1987, respectively. Diameter at breast height increment of 34 red spruce trees and 190 spruce and fir trees in permanent plots was consistently significantly (p <0.001) related to mean monthly capacitance; the strongest relationships (55–83% of the variability explained) were with mean June or July capacitance. The relationship of stem capacitance with growth of fir and spruce trees was corroborated. In addition, a stronger influence of water relations on capacitance than previously thought was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Seventeenth-Century Jesuit Explorers’ Maps of the Great Lakes and Their Influence on Subsequent Cartography of the Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Carl Kupfer ◽  
David Buisseret
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

When the French coureurs des bois and missionaries began to penetrate the interior of North America around the middle of the seventeenth century, they were confronted with a hydrological system of remarkable complexity, unique in the world. Some hints of the relationship of the five Great Lakes had been garnered by Samuel de Champlain in the early part of the century, but the western Great Lakes remained virtually unknown to Europeans about 1650. The delineation of this region was the work of four Jesuit-trained cartographers, whose work can (rather unusually) be completely traced from exploration to the original manuscript and then to the versions printed in Europe. It was in this way that French Jesuit maps came to form part of the North American cartographic image of many contemporary Europeans.

James Craig: Chamberlainite imperialist, 1903–14

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 188-201
Author(s):  
T. P. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Home Rule ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Issue

The relationship of Irish unionists to the Empire presents opposing views. Hugh Shearman claimed that Irish unionists were ‘progressive imperialists’. Alvin Jackson disagreed, writing that they were more focused on local matters, and had little interest in the Empire except as a resource to suit their own agenda. The career of the leading Irish and Ulster unionist, James Craig, in the period 1903–14, can be used to test these competing theories and to illuminate such topics as the influence of Joseph Chamberlain on Craig, how local, national and imperial issues were dealt with by Craig, and the part played by Orangeism in Craig’s imperialism. This author shall argue that imperialism was a strand within Craig’s Protestantism and Orangeism that allowed him to deal with local-constituency problems, the demands of party at Westminster, and the national issue of home rule. As such, Craig provides evidence for what Keith Jeffery calls the ‘irrelevance’ of the Empire for Ulster unionists. From the early part of Craig’s political career, the Empire was a means of making Ulster-unionist arguments relevant to a particular audience, local or British.

Effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of pear leaves by Venturia pirina

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Villalta ◽  
W. S. Washington ◽  
G. M. Rimmington ◽  
P. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Leaf Wetness Duration ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Venturia Pirina ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of temperature and wetness duration on the infection of pear leaves (Pyrus communis L.) by Venturia pirina were studied by inoculating plants with ascospores and conidia under controlled conditions and in the field. Under controlled inoculations, minimum wetness durations that lead to leaf infections by ascospores were 27, 15, 13, 11, 10, 9, and 9 h at 4, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively. In parallel inoculations with conidia, the minimum wetness durations that lead to leaf infections were similar to ascospores at temperatures between 12°C and 25°C, but at lower temperatures (4, 8, 10°C), conidia infected leaves only after an additional 2 h of leaf wetness. The relationship between minimum wetness times and temperature was best described using an exponential regression. In field experiments, leaf infection on plants inoculated with ascospores and conidia under various naturally occurring wetness and temperature conditions was in close agreement with those under controlled conditions. Disease severity (percent of leaf area infected) increased with increasing leaf wetness duration at all temperatures. The optimum temperature for infection was 20°C. Analysis of variance with orthogonal polynomial contrasts was used to define the relationship of the angular transformation of disease severity to temperature and leaf wetness duration.

scholarly journals The thermal decomposition of crystals of barium azide

1939 ◽  
Vol 172 (950) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Expression ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Silver Oxalate ◽  
Potassium Azide ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lead Styphnate

In solid reactions of the type A solld = B solld + C gas the reactions are sometimes autocatalytic, being accelerated by the solid product. The solid product may be disseminated throughout the crystal in a diffuse manner, as has been shown by the microscopical examination of partially decomposed crystals of mercury fulminate (Garner and Hailes 1933) or potassium azide (Garner and Marke 1936), or may be aggregated into visible nuclei as in the case of alkaline earth (Harvey 1933 ; Marke 1937; Maggs 1939) or lead azides (Garner and Gomm 1931). In previous investigations an induction period has been found during which the evolution of gas is negligible, which is followed by an accelerating rate of development of pressure. For a certain period of the reaction the relationship of pressure and time is that of an exponential type which in a number of cases takes the simple form, log p = kt + const. This expression is obeyed over the early part of the reaction for single crystals of mercury fulminate (Garner and Hailes 1933), barium azide (Harvey 1933), and lead styphnate (Hailes 1933). It also holds for silver oxalate (Macdonald 1936 a , b ) in a finely crystalline form and for ground mercury fulminate. Attempts have been made to account for the exponential relationship in terms of the spread of reaction chains throughout the crystal, but there are certain difficulties in the way of the application of the chain theory, especially when nuclei are formed. There are, besides, cases where this simple expression does not fit the experimental results, notably that of ground calcium (Marke 1937) and barium (Harvey 1933) azides.

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