INTRASPECIFIC TERTIARY PARASITOIDISM IN ASAPHES LUCENS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE), AN APHID HYPERPARASITOID

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lolita Levine ◽  
Daniel J. Sullivan S.J.
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Primary Parasitoid ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Average Success Rate

AbstractUsing the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), as the host and Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao as the primary parasitoid, intraspecific tertiary parasitoidism was studied in the aphid hyperparasitoid, Asaphes lucens (Provancher). Laboratory experiments indicated that tertiary parasitoidism by a second A. lucens female on a first A. lucens is possible. Although the average success rate over 18 test-days was 16.9%, however, the day of attack by the second A. lucens female in reference to the age of the first A. lucens larva or pupa developing inside the dead aphid "mummy" was of major importance. Success by the second A. lucens in the early days averaged 27.2%, but was significantly reduced to an average of only 1% for the last 7 days. Comparisons are made with similar experiments on intraspecific tertiary parasitoidism using another aphid hyperparasitoid, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis).

MARKING THE PACKAGE OR ITS CONTENTS: HOST DISCRIMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE IN THE ECTOPARASITOID DENDROCERUS CARPENTERI (HYMENOPTERA: MEGASPILIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chow ◽  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Host Discrimination ◽  
Contact Pheromone ◽  
Primary Parasitoid ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Search Template

AbstractDendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) was reared in the laboratory on prepupae of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) developing in pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). To test alternative hypotheses about host-marking behaviour and discrimination, we transferred unparasitized and previously parasitized A. ervi prepupae from donor to recipient mummies, which were either "unparasitized" or "parasitized." Females accepted already parasitized hosts within unparasitized mummies, but they rejected unparasitized hosts within previously parasitized mummies. Host discrimination was not influenced by self and conspecific parasitism. Eggs were frequently placed directly on the mummy shell, rather than on the primary parasitoid, or on dummies made from dental wax. Prepupae removed from their mummy shell were not accepted for oviposition. We propose that the "search template" of D. carpenteri is defined, primarily, by the aphid mummy, which is being marked with a contact pheromone after oviposition.

scholarly journals Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behavior of the phloem-feeding insect, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yuping Gou ◽  
Peter Quandahor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Trehalose Content

AbstractTrehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development of insects. In this study, we demonstrated that the high trehalose diet increased the glucose content, and high glucose diet increased the glucose content but decreased the trehalose content of Acyrthosiphon pisum. RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (ApTPS) decreased while RNAi of trehalase gene (ApTRE) increased the trehalose and glucose contents. In the electrical penetration graph experiment, RNAi of ApTPS increased the percentage of E2 waveform and decreased the percentage of F and G waveforms. The high trehalose and glucose diets increased the percentage of E2 waveform of A. pisum red biotype. The correlation between feeding behavior and sugar contents indicated that the percentage of E1 and E2 waveforms were increased but np, C, F and G waveforms were decreased in low trehalose and glucose contents. The percentage of np, E1 and E2 waveforms were reduced but C, F and G waveforms were elevated in high trehalose and glucose contents. The results suggest that the A. pisum with high trehalose and glucose contents spent less feeding time during non-probing phase and phloem feeding phase, but had an increased feeding time during probing phase, stylet work phase and xylem feeding phase.

scholarly journals Deviation Tolerance Performance Evaluation and Experiment of Picking End Effector for Famous Tea

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Yingpeng Zhu ◽  
Chuanyu Wu ◽  
Junhua Tong ◽  
Jianneng Chen ◽  
Leiying He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Average Success Rate

Accurately obtaining the posture and spatial position of tea buds through machine vision and other technologies is difficult due to the small size, different shapes, and complex growth environment of tea buds. Therefore, end effectors are prone to problems, such as picking omission and picking error. This study designs a picking end effector based on negative pressure guidance for famous tea. This end effector uses negative pressure to guide tea buds in a top-down manner, thereby correcting their posture and spatial position. Therefore, the designed end effector has deviation tolerance performance that can improve the picking success rate. The pre-experiment is designed, the tip of apical bud is referred to as the descent position, and the negative pressure range is determined to be 0.6 to 0.9 kPa. A deviation tolerance orthogonal experiment is designed. Experimental results show that various experimental factors are ranked in terms of the significance level of the effect on the average success rate, and the significance ranking is as follows: negative pressure (P) > pipe diameter (D) > descent speed (V). An evaluation method of deviation tolerance performance is presented, and the optimal experiment factor-level combination is determined as: P = 0.9 kPa, D = 34 mm, V = 20 mm/s. Within the deviation range of a 10 mm radius, the average success rate of the negative pressure guidance of the end effector is 97.36%. The designed end effector can be applied to the intelligent picking of famous tea. This study can provide a reference for the design of similar picking end effectors for famous tea.

CORNICLE LENGTH AS A CRITERION FOR SEPARATING FIELD-COLLECTED NYMPHAL INSTARS OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hutchison ◽  
David B. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Multimodal Analysis

AbstractCornicle length measuremetns of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) nymphs reared in the laboratory were instar-specific and unaffected by rearing temperature. A multimodal analysis of cornicle lengths of field-collected aphids clearly detected four distribution peaks (i.e., instars) in five different field populations, and there was generaaly little overlap between successive instar distributions. However, third and fourth instars in the spring field sample could not be separated accurately due to the shorter cornicle length of nymphs that developed from overwintered eggs. Cornicle length proved to be a useful criterion for separating virginoparous A. pisum instars in samples collected in southern Wisconsin.

scholarly journals The Phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii (Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) Is a Pathogen of the Pea Aphid

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1956-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Grenier ◽  
Gabrielle Duport ◽  
Sylvie Pagès ◽  
Guy Condemine ◽  
Yvan Rahbé
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium

ABSTRACT Dickeya dadantii (Erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. The sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the Cyt family of insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. The pathogenicity of D. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either by septic injury or by oral infection. The lethal inoculum dose was calculated to be as low as 10 ingested bacterial cells. A D. dadantii mutant with the four cytotoxin genes deleted showed a reduced per os virulence for A. pisum, highlighting the potential role of at least one of these genes in pathogenicity. Since only one bacterial pathogen of aphids has been previously described (Erwinia aphidicola), other species from the same bacterial group were tested. The pathogenic trait for aphids was shown to be widespread, albeit variable, within the phytopathogens, with no link to phylogenetic positioning in the Enterobacteriaceae. Previously characterized gut symbionts from thrips (Erwinia/Pantoea group) were also highly pathogenic to the aphid, whereas the potent entomopathogen Photorhabdus luminescens was not. D. dadantii is not a generalist insect pathogen, since it has low pathogenicity for three other insect species (Drosophila melanogaster, Sitophilus oryzae, and Spodoptera littoralis). D. dadantii was one of the most virulent aphid pathogens in our screening, and it was active on most aphid instars, except for the first one, probably due to anatomical filtering. The observed difference in virulence toward apterous and winged aphids may have an ecological impact, and this deserves specific attention in future research.

scholarly journals A sex-linked locus controls wing polymorphism in males of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Heredity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Caillaud ◽  
M Boutin ◽  
C Braendle ◽  
J-C Simon
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Wing Polymorphism
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