BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): FEEDING PREFERENCE AND BREEDING SITE SPECIFICITY OF P. STROBI AND P. APPROXIMATUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

AbstractPissodes strobi (Peck) and P. approximatus Hopkins are sibling species that can produce fertile hybrids in the laboratory, but in nature they are isolated by differences in their breeding habits. In a laboratory assay for feeding preference, these species exhibited similar patterns of acceptance of most conifer hosts in the fall, but differed distinctly in their preferences for certain conifers in the spring. Both species had high levels of feeding on white spruce in the fall and spring tests, hut these data apparently do not reflect host preference in nature. In field tests, P. strobi males and females confined on 1-year-old terminal leaders of eastern white pine (their usual breeding sites) produced abundant progeny, whereas P. approximatus pairs confined on leaders produced few progeny. Mixed species pairs were successful in killing and breeding in white pine leaders when the females were P. strobi, but not when the females were P. approximatus. Laboratory-reared hybrids were unsuccessful when forced to breed in leaders. When confined on red pine bolts (the usual breeding sites of P. approximatus), P. strobi and hybrids produced substantially fewer progeny than did P. approximatus. Breeding site separation provides compelling evidence of reproductive isolation between these sympatric species.

scholarly journals Sex ratio of breeding Common toads (Bufo bufo) – influence of survival and skipped breeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Madsen ◽  
Jon Loman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractAnuran sex ratio at breeding sites is typically male biased. Such sex ratios may be due to poor female survival, to females not breeding as frequently as males and/or to males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. In the present study, the first two factors are analyzed in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population in southern Sweden. Toads were captured, marked and recaptured at the breeding site during 5 years. Within season capture patterns were analyzed using the Jolly-Seber model and among-year captures using the Closed robust design model. Population estimates of males and females yielded an among year variation in breeding population sex ratio, ranging from 16% to 34% females. On average, 41% (proportion adult alive but not breeding) of the females skipped breeding seasons, whereas the corresponding estimate for males was less than 5%. Yearly survival averaged 42% for adult female and 63% for adult male toads. First year adult males and females had a lower survival rate than older toads. Our results demonstrate that both a female biased mortality rate and a higher proportion of skipped breeding in females contribute to the observed male biased sex ratio. However, a deterministic model suggests other factors may also be involved to obtain this degree of male biased sex ratio, the most likely being that females mature at a later age than male toads.

scholarly journals A quantitative ring recovery analysis of migration in European Water Rails Rallus aquaticus

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Lugg ◽  
Vidar Bakken ◽  
Terje Lislevand
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Migration Direction ◽  
European Water ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Tracking Devices

The Water Rail Rallus aquaticus is generally regarded as a facultative migrant in which migration patterns vary geographically. However, quantitative analyses of migration directions and how migration distances vary across Europe are hitherto lacking. We analysed recoveries of Water Rails ringed in Europe and tested for a general migration direction in this material. From previous literature descriptions we predicted birds to migrate farther the longer north and east they breed. More than half of the birds included in the data set were ringed in Germany (48%) and Hungary (12%) and most winter recoveries came from SW coastal Europe. We found that the migratory direction in autumn was strongly oriented towards SW with no effect of latitude or longitude of the breeding site. There were no differences in migration direction between old (2Y+) and young (1Y) birds, or between males and females, although sample sizes were admittedly small in the latter comparison. As predicted, migration distances were positively correlated with both latitude and longitude of breeding sites. We encourage more trapping and ringing of Water Rails breeding and wintering across Europe in order to improve the ring recovery data. The use of modern tracking devices like light-level geolocators also has a high potential of improving our understanding of migratory ecology in this secretive species.

scholarly journals Postfledging Occupancy of Breeding Sites by Female Common Murres (Uria Aalge)

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Michael P. Harris ◽  
Sarah Wanless
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Daily Frequency ◽  
Common Murres ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Virtually all female Common Murres (Uria aalge) continued to visit the colony after their mate had taken the chick to sea. There were significant differences among years, but the average time between a chick fledging and a female last being seen at the colony was 13 days (range 0–36). In over 99% of instances, the female was at her breeding site. On ∼5% of days she was joined by another male, and in a few cases (8% of those days) copulation was observed. None of those transient matings persisted into the next season, even when the original male did not return; thus, we found no support for the hypothesis that females might be looking for replacement mates in case they were widowed. The most successful females (in terms of breeding output over several years) tended to have the longest periods of postfledging visiting, apparently because such birds fledged their chicks early in the season, but there was no difference in daily frequency of attendance. We conclude that successful males and females were maximizing time spent occupying the best breeding sites, even to the extent that only one adult took the chick to sea to complete its development.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Segregation of Gender-Associated Mitochondrial DNA Types in an Area Where Two Mussel Species (Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus) Hybridize

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Saavedra ◽  
Donald T Stewart ◽  
Rebecca R Stanwood ◽  
Eleftherios Zouros
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allozyme Analysis ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Nuclear Background ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dna Types ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

Abstract In each of the mussel species Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus there exist two types of mtDNA, the F type transmitted through females and the M type transmitted through males. Because the two species produce fertile hybrids in nature, F and M types of one may introgress into the other. We present the results from a survey of a population in which extensive hybridization occurs between these two species. Among specimens classified as “pure” M. edulis or “pure” M. trossulus on the basis of allozyme analysis, we observed no animal that carried the F or the M mitotype of the other species. In most animals of mixed nuclear background, an individual's mtDNA came from the species that contributed the majority of the individual's nuclear genes. Most importantly, the two mtDNA types in post-F1 male hybrids were of the same species origin. We interpret this to mean that there are intrinsic barriers to the exchange of mtDNA between these two species. Because such barriers were not noted in other hybridizing species pairs (many being even less interfertile than M. edulis and M. trossulus), their presence in Mytilus could be another feature of the unusual mtDNA system in this genus.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

Dispersal of Pissodes strobi in putatively resistant white spruce in Vernon, BC

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. McIntosh ◽  
J. A. McLean ◽  
R. I. Alfaro ◽  
G. K. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Key Words Dispersal ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Resistant Family ◽  
Lateral Branches

White pine weevil Pissodes strobi behaviour was observed in a five-year-old plantation of white spruce in Vernon, British Columbia. Seasonal weevil-host interactions were monitored in four susceptible and four putatively resistant reciprocal cross family pairs in three of five replicates. Classification of susceptibility to weevil attack was based on previous weevil attack history. Performance of eight reciprocal cross pairs was ranked as a function of visitation, oviposition and brood establishment resulting in top-kill. The four putatively resistant family crosses ranked 1 to 4 for resistance to weevil attack, while the four susceptible crosses were ranked 5 to 8 and were consistently attacked. Seasonal and diurnal weevil movement was monitored using mark-recapture techniques. Diurnally, weevils moved within the tree. Feeding occurred at dawn in the leader and upper laterals after which weevils moved down the tree into the forest floor during the high mid-summer temperatures. Later in the season weevils fed in mid-morning on the leader and on the under-sides of lateral branches. A dispersal index was developed to describe seasonal movement. Weevils did not move far throughout the season. Overall dispersal index for both males and females was less than 0.24 m, suggesting that on average, weevils do not move further than the adjacent tree throughout the season after mating and oviposition. Key words: Dispersal, pest management, Pissodes strobi, resistance, silviculture, white spruce

scholarly journals Biological and environmental factors associated with risk of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onicio Batista Leal Neto ◽  
Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes ◽  
Fernando José Moreira de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Rafael Andrade ◽  
Diego Leandro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Snail Density ◽  
One Year ◽  
Transmission Foci

Schistosomiasis has expanded to the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where there are frequent reports of Biomphalaria glabrata snails and human cases of the disease. This study analyzes factors related to schistosomiasis transmission risk in Porto de Galinhas. A one-year malacological survey was conducted to identify biological, abiotic, and environmental factors related to the host snail breeding sites. Data analysis used Excel 2010, GTM Pro, and ArcGis 10. A total of 11,012 B. glabrata snails were captured in 36 breeding sites, and 11 schistosomiasis transmission foci were identified. A negative correlation was found between breeding site temperature and snail density and infection rate, and a positive correlation with pH and salinity. The rainy season showed a positive correlation with snail density and infection rate. The study emphasizes the factors involved in the maintenance of schistosomiasis breeding sites, in light of persistence of this disease in Porto de Galinhas for more than 10 years.

Life Tables of the White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi , 1 in Central Maine 2

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne N. Dixon ◽  
Mark W. Houseweart
Keyword(s):  
Life Tables ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil
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