SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF EUXOA MESSORIA AND E. OCHROGASTER(LEPIDOPTER: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre ◽  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractTests of intertrap variability in catches of moths of the darksided and redbacked cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris) and E. ochrogaster (Guenée), were conducted by placing two traps for each species baited with synthetic sex attractants at 1.6 km (1 mi) intervals to form a grid covering 64 km2 (25 mi2) near Domain, Manitoba. These sex attractants were 93 and 99.6% species specific for E. messoria and E. ochrogaster respectively. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch for each species was consistent during any given flight period. Variability in intertrap catches of E. messoria indicated the moths were not evenly distributed throughout the test area and consequently a sex-attractant trap system with 1.6 km trap spacing is not suitable for monitoring population levels. For E. ochrogaster four traps within an area of 64 km2 would be required to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean. The flights of E. messoria are not related to degree days and started abruptly and at the same time each year suggesting that development may be synchronized by the summer diapause of the prepupae. The flights of E. ochrogaster were related to degree day accumulations above a threshold temperature of 12.5 °C. Crops had no apparent influence on the distribution of moth catches for either species.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF SCOTOGRAMMA TRIFOLII (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO ITS BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre ◽  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Scotogramma Trifolii

AbstractTests of intertrap variability in catches of moths of the clover cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii (Rottenberg), were conducted by placing two traps baited with an artifical sex attractant at 1 mi (1.6 km) intervals to form a grid covering 25 mi2 (64 km2) near Domain, Manitoba. The 50 traps (2/location) placed near the intersects of the grid were baited with a blend of Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol. This blend was 98.6% species-specific for S. trifolii. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch was consistent during any given flight period. Up to 35 traps would be required within an area of 64 km2 (1 trap/1.8 km2) to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean. Temperature influenced both the initiation of the flights and the number of moths caught at any given time, but there were no correlations between flights and precipitation or wind. Crop type influenced catches of S. trifolii only when moth populations were large. The catch of second generation moths averaged 9.8× the catch of first generation moths. The consistency of this relationship indicates that the annual differences in population density are controlled by variations in winter survival. The latter was linked to the induction of diapause which is governed by daylength during the larval development of the second generation.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF LEUCANIA COMMOIDES AND PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre ◽  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Peridroma Saucia ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Apparent Influence

AbstractIntertrap variability in catches of moths of the cutworms Leucania commoides Guenée and Peridroma saucia (Hübner) was tested by placing two traps for each species baited with artificial sex attractants at 1.6 km (1 mi) intervals to form a grid covering 64 km2 (25 mi2) near Domain, Manitoba. During the flight periods of the test species the attractants were 86.5 and 93.6% species-specific for L. commoides and P. saucia respectively. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch for each species was consistent during any given flight of L. commoides and during the first flight of P. saucia. The low intertrap variability in numbers captured of both species indicated the moths were uniformly distributed in the area. For L. commoides 10 traps within an area of 64 km2 would be required to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean and for P. saucia three traps would be needed. The flights of L. commoides started abruptly each year and appeared to be triggered by rainfall. Flights of P. saucia did not occur below 10 °C but otherwise weather had no apparent influence on the flights. It was concluded that the moths of this species are blown in from the south each spring. Neither species showed a consistent distributional relationship with crops.

Flight activity of alate Adelgids (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) in southern England

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Carter ◽  
G. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trap Catches

The flight periods of eight species of Adelgids were deduced from suction trap catches in a mixed woodland site at Alice Holt, Hampshire from 1965 to 1970. Nine species from other natural forest areas in the northern hemisphere occurred on trees in the study area, but some immigration may have contributed to the numbers trapped. Large catches (often >200 individuals per day) of three pest species, Adelges laricis Vall., A. cooleyi (Gill.) and Pineus pini (L.), occurred during late May and June. Only small catches (<10 individuals per day) were obtained during July–September. The sexuparae from the non-Picea hosts occurred mainly in May and June whereas the gallicolae from Picea hosts flew during certain periods from June to September. Analysis showed that the threshold temperature for flight was 16°C and that 64% or more of the total monthly catch occurred in the afternoon (13·00–19·00 h). The variation in length of the early summer flight period by ± one week was related to air temperature maxima, but the fluctuation ( ± one week) in the mean date for flight of each species in the early summer period is probably connected with the phenological condition of the host-plant.

MONITORING POPULATION LEVELS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF NOCTUIDS WITH SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA, 1978–1983: CONSISTENCY OF TRAP CATCHES AND PRECISION OF POPULATION ESTIMATES

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Byers ◽  
D.L. Struble ◽  
G.B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Peridroma Saucia ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractSex-attractant traps were used to monitor the relative abundances of eight species of cutworm and army worm moths at 81 locations in a 13 000-km2 (5000-mi2) area of southern Alberta from 1978 to 1983. Clover cutworm (Discestra trifolii (Hufn.)), variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia (Hbn.)), bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Wlk.), and Leucania commoides Gn. were monitored during spring and early summer, and redbacked cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.)), darksided cutworm (Euxoa messoria (Harr.)), pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia Morr.), and army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris (Grt.)) during late summer and fall.The ranking of moth catches among locations within years was highly consistent, indicating that the spatial pattern of abundance within the survey area remained stable during each flight period. The corollary is that differences in population levels among locations were being consistently detected. Most of the species also exhibited a considerable degree of consistency of pattern of abundance between consecutive years and to some extent over all years.Estimates of the variability associated with individual traps, between duplicate traps, and among locations were obtained for each species. The within-location variability was always much less than the among-location variability, indicating that a meaningful measure of the relative population level at each location was being obtained. When abundance levels approached economic thresholds the likelihood of moth catches in duplicate traps being within 20% of the mean catch for a location was usually greater than 80%. Year-to-year differences in mean trap catches were frequently significant at the 95% confidence level and the monitoring system could detect relatively small changes in population level between years. Season cumulative trap catches are a composite measure of abundance and the mate-searching activity of males. Weather conditions that restrict male activity are also likely to reduce oviposition by females. Cumulative trap catches may therefore be closely correlated with realized fecundity.

PHENOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF ADULT REDBACKED CUTWORMS, EUXOA OCHROGASTER (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Gerber ◽  
J. Walkof
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Redbacked Cutworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe phenology and reproductive status of adults of the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were determined from blacklight (BLT) and sex-attractant (SAT) trap catches at four locations in southern Manitoba in 1987 through 1989. The flight period was of 9–12 weeks duration, extending from late June to early October. The first male and female moths were captured at about the same time in the BLT and SAT. The peak catches of the BLT occurred during the first 3 weeks of August (weeks 5 and 6 of the flight period) and those of the SAT about 1 week later. The SAT continued to capture male moths for 2–3 weeks after the last moths appeared in the BLT. Most females captured during the first 2–3 weeks of the flight period were virgins who had not yet initiated egg development. Most mating, egg development, and oviposition took place during a 3- to 4-week period that included the 2 weeks before, the same week as, and the week after the peak BLT catches (weeks 3–7 of the flight period); these activities occurred in the 3–4 weeks before the peak SAT catches. The data suggested that there was competition between SAT and females in attracting males and, consequently, the SAT catch data may not be providing accurate measurements of the sizes of breeding populations of males in the field. The BLT catches underestimated the length of the flight period by about 1.5–3 weeks.

EVIDENCE FOR A SEX ATTRACTANT IN HEMICREPIDIUS DECOLORATUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE),

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Hayes ◽  
A. G. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Species Specific

Sex attractants have recently been reported for several species of Elateridae: Hypolithus bicolor Esch. (Doane 1961); Hemicrepidius morio (LeConte) (Chapman 1964) ; and Limonius californicus (Mann.), Agriotes ferrugineipennis (LeConte), Ctenicera sylvatica (Van Dyke), and C. destructor (Brown) (Lilly and McGinnis 1965). Lilly (1959) demonstrated the attractiveness to males of ethyl alcohol extracts from virgin females of the sugar-beet wireworm (L. Californicus). The attractants appear to be species-specific (Lilly and McGinnis 1965).

FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE WHITE CUTWORM, EUXOA SCANDENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod ◽  
T. Nagai ◽  
A. N. Starratt ◽  
C. Bonenfant ◽  
E. W. Rud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Insecticide Control

The white cutworm, Euxoa scandens (Riley), is a sporadic pest of tobacco in Quebec (Mailloux and Desrosiers 1978), asparagus in Michigan (A. L. Wells, pers. comm.), and other vegetable crops grown in light sandy soils (Beirne 1971). The immature larvae overwinter and cause serious damage when they resume feeding in the spring (Hudson and Wood 1930). Moths emerge and oviposit from late June until late July (McLeod and Dupré 1981). An efficient monitoring method utilizing the female sex pheromone would be an important aid in estimating the size and distribution of the adult population and would help in planning insecticide control. We report here some results of electroantennogram screening of potential sex attractants and the results of field tests of the most active of these.

Polyenic Hydrocarbons as Sex Attractants for Geometrids and Amatids (Lepidoptera) Found by Field Screening in Hungary

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szőcs ◽  
Miklós Tóth ◽  
Hans Jürgen Bestmann ◽  
Otto Vostrowsky ◽  
James H. Tumlinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Dysauxes Ancilla

Abstract During field screening of polyene compounds, conducted at different localities of Hungary, in 1984, sex attractants were found for Costaconvexa polygrammata Bkh., as (3Z , 6Z , 9Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene; Eupithecia subnotata Hbn., as (3Z , 6Z , 9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene; Synthomis phegea L., as (3Z , 6Z , 9Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and for Dysauxes ancilla L., as (3Z , 6 Z, 9Z )-l,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. (7E , 9Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate was found to be a sex attractant for Sterrha rubraria Stgr.

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). XVIH. COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL TAXONOMY OF THE SIBLING SPECIES EUXOA RIDMGSIANA (GRT.) AND EUXOA MAIMES (SM.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Byers ◽  
D.L. Struble ◽  
J.D. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Mate Recognition System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe species previously recognized as Euxoa ridingsiana (Grt.) is shown to be composed of a sympatric pair of sibling species, Euxoa ridingsiana (Grt.) and Euxoa maimes (Sm.), which in the laboratory will produce viable F1 hybrids but no F2. Results of F1 sib and backcrosses show that the F1 males are fertile and the F1 females are infertile. In mating-bias tests conducted in laboratory cages, 74% of matings were conspecific and 26% interspecific. Differences in the diel periodicities of mating, which are about 2 h out of phase, may account for the mating bias. The duration of development of E. ridingsiana in the laboratory and its seasonal flight period in the field are about 2 weeks in advance of that of E. maimes. However, there is considerable overlap of the flight periods and, with the tendency of females of both species to mate several times, it is unlikely that the difference in seasonal emergence is enough to effect reproductive isolation. It is evident that, under natural conditions, reproductive isolation can be maintained entirely by species-specific sex pheromones. This mechanism of reproductive isolation is, however, apparently ineffective when moths are confined in cages in the laboratory.Biogeographic considerations suggest that the differences in life-cycle timing and mating periodicities might have been adaptations to adjust development and reproduction to prevailing ancestral environments. If the initial differentiation of the 2 species occurred in isolation and included at least an incipient shift in the pheromonal mate-recognition system, it is possible that upon reestablishment of contact between ancestral populations the differences in life-cycle timing and mating periodicities acting in concert could have effected substantial, albeit incomplete, reproductive isolation. Subsequent selection to reinforce assortative mating to preserve coadapted gene complexes could then have resulted in differentiation of discrete pheromonal systems and attainment of species status.

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