PREDATION ON ADULTS OF THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE BY THE WESTERN DAMSEL BUG, NABIS ALTERNATUS (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 763-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Insect Predation ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During a 1981 study on possible insect vectors of a yeast in Saskatchewan mustard crops, several incidental observations of attack by the western damsel bug, Nabis alternatus Parshley, on adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) were made near Oxbow in the southeastern part of the province. This is the fourth record of insect predation on crucifer-feeding flea beetles in the Canadian prairie provinces. Previous records involved the beetle Collops vittatus Say (Gerber and Osgood 1975), a big-eyed bug, Geocoris bullatus (Say) (Burgess 1977), and larvae of the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Burgess 1980).

PREDATION ON ADULTS OF THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE BY LACEWING LARVAE (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Adult Flea ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Several instances of predation by lacewing larvae on adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) have been observed in Saskatchewan. Other reported insect predators of rapeseed-crop-infesting flea beetles in the Canadian prairie provinces are the beetle Collops vittatus Say (Gerber and Osgood 1975), and one of the big-eyed bugs, Geocoris bullatus (Say) (Burgess 1977).The first observation of an attack on an adult flea beetle by a lacewing larva was in August 1972, when some lacewing larvae, adult flea beetles, diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella (L.)) and unidentified aphids and midges were swept from maturing rapeseed near Aberdeen, Saskatchewan. One of these lacewing larvae attacked an adult of P. cruczferae in a glass collecting-vial and carried the flea beetle around in its jaws. Other lacewing larvae attacked aphids, midges, and diamondback moth larvae. Further evidence for lacewing larvae feeding on adult flea beetles was obtained in August 1979, when a sizeable population of lacewing larvae in a rapeseed crop was encountered near St. Gregor, Saskatchewan. One of the larvae swept from this crop had an adult of P. cruciferae in its jaws when it was first seen in the sweep net. Later the same day, another lacewing larva, swept from a nearby rapeseed field, attacked an adult of P. cruciferae in a collecting vial. In the laboratory both lacewing larvae, still carrying their prey, were quick-frozen, preserved in 70% ethanol and later photographed.

FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ATTACKING RAPE CROPS IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Adult Flea ◽  
Prairie Provinces

AbstractAdults of five species of flea beetles were found attacking rape crops (Brassica napusL. andBrassica campestrisL.) in the Canadian prairie provinces from 1971 to 1974.Phyllotreta cruciferae(Goeze) was the most abundant and serious pest, followed in order byPsylliodes punctulataMelsh. andPhyllotreta striolata(F.) (=vittata(F.)), whilePhyllotreta albionica(Lec.) andPhyllotreta robustaLec. were present only occasionally. The fourPhyllotretaspecies confined their feeding largely to cruciferous plants, butPsyl.punctulatahad a broader host range. All of the five species overwintered as adults, usually in leaf litter or turf beneath hedges, poplar groves, or fencerows, or sometimes in the soil in fields, and all became active with the arrival of warm sunny weather in the spring, withPsyl.punctulatausually being the first to appear. All appeared to have but one generation per year, with mating and egg laying occurring in the spring, the larvae inhabiting the soil and feeding on host-plant roots, and the new generation of adults emerging from pupae in the soil in late July and in August. The overwintered adults usually died in late June or early July, so there was a period in July when adult flea beetles were scarce. The most serious damage to rape crops by flea beetles was caused by overwintered adults attacking seedling crops in the spring; movement of these beetles into crops took the form of a creeping infestation moving from plant to plant into the field from nearby volunteer rape of cruciferous weed feeding grounds, or a more rapid and even infestation of a whole field with flight probably being the major method of movement. Flea beetles fed most actively when the weather was sunny, warm, and dry; cool damp weather reduced the intensity of attack and aided plant growth. Shade, such as exists in a healthy stand of rape beyond the pre-bloom stage, also inhibited attack. Occasionally, late-maturing rape crops were damaged in late summer by new generation adult flea beetles, particularlyP.cruciferae, feeding on the green epidermis of the stems, leaves, and pods.A field key for separating the five flea beetle species attacking rape crops in the Canadian prairie provinces is given.

A SELECTION OF OILSEED RAPE, BRASSICA RAPA L., WITH RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
K.A. Pivnick ◽  
M.A.H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Cotyledon Stage ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Incomplete Resistance ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFive cycles of single-plant and progeny-row selection in lines derived from Brassica rapa L. "Tobin" were used to identify plants with incomplete resistance to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). This line, called C8711, had higher survival, grew larger, and yielded more seed than Tobin when the two lines were compared in field plots at Glenlea, Manitoba, unprotected by insecticide. C8711 without insecticide yielded more seed than Tobin treated with a lindane seed dressing, but less than Tobin treated with carbofuran granules. With carbofuran, which prevents most flea beetle damage, the yield of C8711 was 35% higher than for Tobin. At Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, the differences between C8711 and Tobin were not statistically significant, although the trends were similar to those at Glenlea. C8711 was late maturing, produced small seed, and was not of canola quality. The resistance in C8711 is attributed to a low level of antixenosis, rapid growth at the cotyledon stage, and tolerance to damage during the first 3–4 weeks of growth.

OBSERVATIONS ON DISTRIBUTION, SEASONAL LIFE HISTORY, AND ABUNDANCE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) THAT INFEST RAPE CROPS IN MANITOBA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
History Of

AbstractPhyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) was usually the most abundant flea beetle on crops of Argentine rape, Brassica napus L., in Manitoba, followed in order by Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. These three species and small numbers of Phyllotreta bipustulata (F.) were present on volunteer rape in the spring. A few specimens of a fifth rape-eating species, Phyllotreta robusta Lee, were trapped in April after hibernating. The three main species were recorded in all 16 localities in which samples of flea beetles on rape crops and/or volunteer rape were collected. Details of seasonal life history of each species are presented, as well as data on the abundance of the three main species throughout the year on rape crops, in overwintering habitats and on volunteer rape in spring. The relative abundance of P. cruciferae, P. striolata, and Ps. punctulata in different rape-growing areas of Manitoba is discussed.

Bioassay for assessing resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) to the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Hallett ◽  
Heather Ray ◽  
Jennifer Holowachuk ◽  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Margaret Y. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

A bioassay arena and a laboratory screening protocol were developed for assessing lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) for feeding damage by the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). The arena consists of a 96-well microtitre plate with a modified top to contain flea beetles and allow ventilation. Eight lines of A. thaliana, arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design, were screened simultaneously in each arena using 50 starved flea beetles. Two cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves per plant were rated visually under a dissecting microscope using a visual damage rating scale. The protocol was used to screen 29 wild ecotypes, eight mutant lines and a single transgenic line of A. thaliana. Discrimination between both cotyledon and leaf tissue was apparent for young beetles that were both non-reproductive or reproductive, but not for old reproductive beetles. Differences were observed between Asian and European ecotypes of A. thaliana, suggesting that geographic origin may play a role in susceptibility of Arabidopsis ecotypes to flea beetle feeding. The transparent testa regulatory gene mutants (lines 82, 111, 164) were most susceptible to flea beetle feeding, possibly indicating a role for anthocyanins and/or flavonoids in governing flea beetle susceptibility. Significant variation in damage levels indicates that expression of flea beetle resistance in the A rabidopsis genome is plastic, and that potential exists to use the wide array of publicly available Arabidopsis germplasm as tools in the transfer of resistance to agronomically important host plants. Key words: Seedling bioassay, Arabidopsis thaliana, wild ecotypes and mutants, crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, host plant resistance

WOUND-INDUCED ANTIXENOTIC RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN CRUCIFERS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of wounding the cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. cv. Ochre, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar, B. rapa L. cv. Tobin, and C8711, a selection from Tobin, on subsequent feeding damage by the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Cotyledons of 7-day-old seedlings were wounded either by puncturing them with needles (mechanical wounding) or by exposing them to flea beetles. One, 2, or 9 days following wounding, the wounded and unwounded seedlings were exposed to flea beetles and the feeding damage was estimated as a measure of antixenosis. Mechanical wounding of one of the cotyledons with 96 needle punctures induced a significant reduction in the damage of the unwounded cotyledons of S. alba, 1 or 2 days following wounding. True leaves of the wounded seedlings also showed consistently less damage than unwounded controls, 9 days following wounding. In S. alba, all three levels of mechanical wounding (i.e. 6, 24, or 96 punctures per cotyledon) reduced subsequent flea beetle damage to a similar extent. Wrapping a cotyledon of S. alba with a plastic film produced an effect similar to wounding it with needles. As with mechanical wounding, flea beetle wounding also reduced subsequent flea beetle damage in S. alba. Other plant species (B. napus and B. rapa) tested showed no measurable induced effects on subsequent feeding damage.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FOR WILTED AND NONWILTED CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
F. Matheson ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

Water stress, especially wilting, can increase the susceptibility of plants to herbivory by insects (Holtzer et al. 1988). Insects as diverse as locusts and leaf-cutting ants prefer wilted foliage (Bernays and Lewis 1986; Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1996). Palaniswamy et al. (1997) observed that the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), fed on excised and wilted foliage of Thlaspi arvense L. (Cruciferae) but not on intact and turgid foliage. If water stress can make unpalatable plants more palatable, identifying robust resistance to pests such as flea beetles will be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine whether wilting affects feeding by the crucifer flea beetle and in particular if wilting differentially affects feeding on preferred and nonpreferred plants.

Influence of seed size in canola, Brassica napus L. and mustard, Sinapis alba L., on seedling resistance against flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bodnaryk ◽  
R. J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Sinapis Alba L

Seedlings of Brassica napus L. 'Westar' or Sinapis alba L. 'Ochre' grown from seeds of various size were offered to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) in feeding tests for damage assessment. The proportion of cotyledon area damaged in both species was highest for seedlings grown from small seeds in choice and no-choice feeding tests. The proportion of seedlings killed by flea beetle feeding was also highest in seedlings from small seeds, an effect that was especially pronounced at high beetle densities (10/seedling) where 100% of seedlings from small seeds of B. napus were killed compared to 28.3% of seedlings from big seeds. For S. alba, at 20 beetles/seedling, 45.4% of seedlings from small seeds were killed compared to only 9.1% of seedlings from big seeds. Seedlings grown from big seeds of S. alba tolerated low levels of damage caused by flea beetle feeding or by scissors. No evidence for tolerance was obtained for seedlings from small seeds of S. alba or for seedlings from big or small seeds of B. napus. "Big seeds" appears to be a desirable trait that enhances crucifer seedling resistance to flea beetle attack and results in increased seedling survival. Key words: Brassica napus 'Westar', Sinapis alba 'Ochre', Phyllotreta cruciferae, flea beetle, seed size, resistance

ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS TO FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta spp.) DAMAGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LAMB
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Beetle Damage

A 5-yr field study to develop a method for assessing the susceptibility of crucifer seedlings to damage by the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) is described. The recommended method consisted of five replicate 5-m rows per cultivar in a randomized complete-block design. Each test was sown three times at weekly intervals, to assure that at least one test received an appropriate level of flea beetle damage. Each test was assessed 4–5 wk after seeding by counting the number of surviving seedlings in each row and by weighing the dried aboveground portion of 10 randomly selected seedlings, although the latter discriminated fewer lines. The damage caused by flea beetles varied spatially, but this source of variation was minor and did not compromise the tests. This method proved adequate for discriminating among crucifer species and agronomically similar cultivars, some of which showed consistent, significant differences in their responses to flea beettle damage.Key words: Crucifer, rapeseed, flea beetle, pest resistance

SCREENING FOR ANTIXENOSIS RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN RAPESEED AND RELATED CRUCIFERS

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
P.B.E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Visual Rating Scale

AbstractA laboratory method to screen crucifer seedlings for antixenosis resistance to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is described. The method utilizes a plexiglass arena with a foam base to hold 30- by 50-mm vials containing individual seedlings of 10 entries (10 seedlings per entry) in a 10 × 10 layout. In each arena, nine test entries and a standard entry are compared in a Latin square design. Flea beetles are allowed to feed on seedlings for about 30 h, and then the damage to individual seedlings is estimated using a visual rating scale. A rating of one arena can be completed in about 15 min. Seedlings at the arena edge often suffer more damage than those in the centre of the arena, but the effect of this variability in damage is minimized by the Latin square design. Use of border (guard) rows and columns does not eliminate the edge effects. The use of arenas without borders, and a single damage rating where the damage to the standard entry is about 50% of the cotyledon area, are considered ideal for initial screening to identify sources of flea beetle resistance. The method detects entries that differ by as little as 18% damage using a single arena with 10 replicate seedlings per entry. No significant antixenosis was found among 19 cultivars of Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L., but one accession of B. carinata L. and two accessions of Sinapis alba (L.) exhibited antixenosis.

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