FECUNDITY AND HOST UTILIZATION OF THE APHID PARASITE APHELINUS SEMIFLAVUS (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) AT TWO HOST DENSITIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Host Density ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Host Utilization

AbstractThe longevity, fecundity, and oviposition rates of Aphelinus semiflavus Howard were determined at densities of 20 and 60 pea aphid hosts per day. Host density had no significant effect on parasite longevity and total fecundity, but it did influence the mean daily oviposition rate (16.5 and 19.5 aphids/day at density 20 and 60, respectively) and the overall proportion of aphids parasitized (82.3% and 32.5%, respectively) during the period of maximum egg laying. The implications of a shift in the fecundity schedule to an earlier reproductive age are discussed.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. & FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: OLETHREUTINAE), IN NEW BRUNSWICK

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Turgeon ◽  
N. Nelson ◽  
E.G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStudies on the reproductive biology of the spruce budmoth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & Free., were conducted in northern New Brunswick. Observations of adults under insectary conditions revealed that peak mating occurred around midnight, and that copulation lasted on average 4.3 h. The age of males and females at mating as well as their longevity is provided for both years. The pre-oviposition period was similar for both years, 6.1 and 6.3 days in 1984 and 1985, respectively. The oviposition period decreased from 6.1 days in 1984 to 4.4 days in 1985. The total fecundity was 32.9 eggs per female in 1984 and 21.8 eggs per female in 1985. The mean age-specific oviposition rate under 1984 field conditions is also presented. The importance of these results in determining the proper timing of adulticidal sprays against Z. canadensis is discussed.

THE EFFECT OF PARASITISM BY APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) ON REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractParasitism by Aphidius smithi reduced the fecundity and population growth of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids that were parasitized during the first or second instar period died as fourth instars without producing offspring. Parasitized third or fourth instars usually reached maturity and produced a variable number of progeny. Parasitized adult aphids stopped producing nymphs approximately 7 to 8 days following attack by A. smithi. Equations are given for the relationship between the mean total fecundity, the intrinsic rate of increase, and the doubling time of apterous and alate viviparous pea aphid and the aphid age at the beginning of parasitism.

Marriage, monogamy and HIV: a profile of HIV-infected women in south India

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Newmann ◽  
P Sarin ◽  
N Kumarasamy ◽  
E Amalraj ◽  
M Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
South India ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heterosexual Sex

A retrospective study was conducted on 134 HIV-infected females evaluated at an HIV/AIDS centre in south India to characterize their socio-demographics, HIV risk factors and initial clinical presentations. The mean age was 29 years; 81% were housewives; 95% were currently or previously married; 89% reported heterosexual sex as their only HIV risk factor; and 88% reported a history of monogamy. The majority were of reproductive age, thus the potential for vertical transmission of HIV and devastating impacts on families is alarming. Nearly half of these women initially presented asymptomatically implying that partner recruitment can enable early HIV detection. Single partner heterosexual sex with their husband was the only HIV risk factor for the majority of women. HIV prevention and intervention strategies need to focus on married, monogamous Indian women whose self-perception of HIV risk may be low, but whose risk is inextricably linked to the behaviour of their husbands.

The influence of nutrition on egg-production and longevity in unmated female body-lice (Pediculus humanus corporis: Anoplura)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Lice

1. Isolated unmated female body-lice were worn in pillboxes between the skin and the clothes. They were kept constantly on the body but, by a simple device, groups of ten were permitted feeding periods of different length. These groups were fed for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. per day respectively. Another group of ten were never allowed to feed after the last moult.2. Some of the figures for egg yield were high. Lice in the 24 hr. group were able to maintain a rate of ten eggs per day for 4−5 days at a time.3. No significant difference in longevity or rate of egg-laying was found to exist between the 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. groups nor between the 4 and 8 hr. groups but a pronounced and significant difference exists between the 8 and 12 hr. groups. Below 12 hr. there is a sharp fall in longevity and rate of egg production. The unfed group all died, without laying, on the third day.4. The rate of laying as shown by the mode increases progressively with increase in time allowed daily for feeding.5. With regard to the mean eggs per louse the position is less clear. It is felt that the 24 hr. group may differ significantly from the 12, 16 and 20 hr. groups but this is uncertain.

scholarly journals Expression Level of Cyclin-D1 between Endometriomas and Ovarian Carcinomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Alfun Dhiya An ◽  
Supriyatiningsih Supriyatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
The Mean

Endometrioma on the ovaries is a benign gynecological disorder that is often found in women of reproductive age. The approach was made to the malignant transformation through the study of cyclin-D1 expression. This research aim to analyze differences in the level of Cyclin-D1 expression in ovarian endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma associated with the pathogenesis of endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma. Analytical observational study with cross sectional approach to cyclin-D1 expression between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation. The research subjects were 20 cases of endometrioma, each of the 20 cases of ovarian carcinoma were well and poorly differentiated. Statistical analysis using the ANOVA test on the level of cyclin-D1 expression between groups. The mean cyclin-D1 expression in endometrioma was 67.25. The mean of well-differentiated ovarian carcinoma was 132.41. The mean of poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma was 128.83. Anova test resulted in a significant difference between the expression of cyclin-D1 endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differences (p = 0.00 0.05). There is a significant difference between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation. Endometrioma cyclin-D1 expression was lower than ovarian carcinoma with good and bad differentiation.

THE LARVAL INSTARS OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Chorney ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
Feeding Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe pea aphid parasite Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao has four larval instars. The first and the fourth instars are mandibulate. The second instar possesses oral lobes but not mandibles. A bilobed feeding structure on the ventral side of the head of the third instar could function as a pharyngeal pump. The chief diagnostic features of each instar are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Variability in the number of larval instars among species of Aphidiidae is discussed.

scholarly journals Biology of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.

AN UPPER BOUNDARY FOR THE SEX RATIO IN A HAPLODIPLOID INSECT

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1399-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Limiting Value ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractMated females of the aphid parasite Aphidius smithi produced only unfertilized eggs (i.e. sons) for the first 2–3 h after copulation and a variable proportion of fertilized eggs (i.e. daughters) thereafter. As a result, the mean proportion of daughters among the offspring of single females was always less than unity, even in a highly favourable environment; the limiting value of the sex ratio was estimated at approximately 85% females. An argument is presented that in haplodiploid species with a variable and environmentally controlled sex ratio a male-producing mechanism is required to ensure the production of a sufficient number of males for the fertilization of all females.

The influence of temperature on development, longevity, and fecundity in the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kehat ◽  
M Wyndham
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Significant Mortality

The mean duration of the egg stage of N. vinitor at constant temperatures ranged from 36.8 days at 15C to 3.8 days at 32C and that of the nymphs from 45 days at 20C to 12.0 days at 32C. Within the range 20-35C egg and nymphal mortalities were low; temperatures of 12 or 40C were lethal to both eggs and nymphs. Mean nymphal development times for males and females were similar. The threshold temperature for egg development was 14.5C and that for nymphs 15C; 70 and 225 day-degrees were required for completing egg and nymphal development respectively. The immature stages developed more rapidly at fluctuating temperatures out of doors than they did indoors at constant temperatures equal to the mean of the fluctuating temperatures. Within the range of screen temperatures 21.5-23.0C the difference between mean development in shade and in sun was 9-10 days. Age-specific fecundity and mortality schedules were determined for N. vinitor at constant temperatures. Temperature and longevity were inversely related and males survived longer than females. Thus at 22OC mean longevity of males was 115 days and of females 90 days, as compared with 31 and 18 days respectively at 30�C. After a maturation period that was longer at lower temperatures, daily egg-laying per female decreased with age from a maximum that occurred before there was significant mortality of females. The rates of the cumulative egg-laying increased with temperature from 22 to 35C. Mean total number of eggs per female was significantly higher at 25 and 30�C than at 22 or 35�C. However, life-table calculations revealed that a temperature of 35�C yielded the maximum rate of population increase. Within the range 22-35C, temperatures and rc values were linearly related. Unmated females laid significantly fewer eggs than those that had mated, but survived longer.

Mating and Oviposition of Tingis ampliata H.-S. (Het. Tingidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peak Phase

AbstractPeriod of mating varies annually from 46 to 65 days during April to late June or early May to July. Lacebugs mated at any time of day but peak of pairing tended to occur about afternoon at field temperatures around I5°C. Duration of mating and angle between the sexes varies between pairs. In 55 % of pairs, males were to the right of females with dorsal surface of tip of male abdomen in contact with ventral aspect of that of female. Eggs are usually laid singly but occasionally in groups of 2-6 in thistle leaves. Oviposition in stems may occur at high adult densities in the laboratory. About 78-99 % of total eggs were laid in primary leaves, others in leaflets of axillary buds. Eggs were predominantly laid in midribs and other veins. Tingis eggs were implanted to varying degrees or seldom unembedded in leaf mesophyll with extrusion of part of chorion beyond non-oviposition surface in thin leaves. Oviposition rhythm was positively correlated with daily rhythm of physical conditions especially temperature. Six-hourly oviposition rate, proportion of females laying, and number of eggs laid per female increased from minimum between 00.00 and 06.00 hours to a peak at 12.00 to 18.00 hours and declined afterwards. Rate of oviposition and average fecundity varied annually according to temperature differential between pre-peak oviposition period of different years. Oviposition rate increased with temperature (in I965 and I966) and age (in I965) during pre-peak phase; but it decreased with aging of bugs in the post-peak phase when temperature had insignificant effects. Total fecundity in the laboratory or field varies considerably between individual females. At I5 and 20°C constant temperature, average numbers of eggs laid per female were 20 and 6I, respectively. Oviposition in laboratory tended to be periodic and females die without completing oviposition. Oviposition period varies annually in the field from I0 to I2 weeks, usually from early May to late July. In the laboratory this period varied with individuals and temperature from about 5.2 weeks at I5°C to at least 7.6 weeks at 20°C.

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