THE CLOVER-SEED FLY—A NEW INSECT PEST

1879 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Clover Seed

In the summer of 1877, my attention was called to some “worms” which had been discovered in the heads of red clover (Trifolium pratense), and were said to be preying upon the seeds. They were found to be minute maggot-like creatures, hidden within the seed-pods and entirely destroying the seeds which they attacked.

scholarly journals The Effects of Red Clover Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Growth Are Dependent on Seed Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4676
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivankov ◽  
Rasa Zukiene ◽  
Zita Nauciene ◽  
Laima Degutyte-Fomins ◽  
Irina Filatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Clover Seed

This study aimed to estimate the effects of cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment of red clover (Trifolium pratense) seeds with different coat colors on germination kinetics, the content of seed phytohormones, and the growth of seedlings. Seeds of red clover cultivar ‘Arimaiciai’ were treated with radio-frequency EMF or capacitively coupled low-pressure CP for different durations. There were no differences in germination kinetics between yellow, brown, and dark purple seeds in control, but the germination rate of seeds treated with CP and EMF depended on seed color: The germination of yellow seeds was stimulated stronger compared to dark purple and brown seeds, and EMF did not stimulate germination in brown seeds. The content of phytohormones in control seeds and the shift in their amount induced by seed treatments were also strongly dependent on seed color. No relationship was found between the effect on germination kinetics and changes in phytohormone levels. In the control, seedlings growing from the yellow seeds were heavier, and the number of root nodules was 12.5 times larger compared to seedlings of dark purple seeds. Seed treatments with CP and EMF significantly increased the number of root nodules, and this effect was stronger in seedlings from dark purple seeds compared to those from yellow seeds.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate to Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Clover Seed

The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of14C from14C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.14C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.

Historical change and drivers of insect pest abundances in red clover seed production

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Lundin ◽  
Maj Rundlöf ◽  
Henrik G. Smith ◽  
Riccardo Bommarco
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Clover Seed

Effet des types de sol sur la production de semence du trèfle rouge

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was grown for seed production after the seeding year on two different types of soils, in the same climatic area. An important difference in yield which was often related to cultivar and sometimes to year was observed between the two soils — the light soil, Saint-André gravelly loam, produced more seed than the heavy Kamouraska clay. Seed yield differed between cultivars with Florex and Arlington producing the most. On an annual basis, the thousand-grain weight was higher on Kamouraska than on Saint-André. The percent germination was not influenced by soil type and cultivar but variation between years was observed. The production of heads per plant was higher on Saint-André. The number of seeds produced per plant and per head was, as for yield, higher on Saint-André than Kamouraska. The influence of cultivars and years was not always visible on these last parameters. Therefore these results demonstrate that generally the success of red clover seed production depends not only on cultivar and climatic conditions, but that within the same climatic area the type of soil is a major factor. Key words: Red clover, seed production, soil effect, year of harvest, cultivar, yield components

scholarly journals Determination of relevant parameters in the red clover seed processing (Trifolium pratense L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoslav Đokić ◽  
Rade Stanisavljević ◽  
Dragan Terzić ◽  
Jasmina Milenković ◽  
Zoran Lugić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed

scholarly journals Regulation of the abundance of clover seed weevils, Apion spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a seed stand of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kolařík ◽  
J. Rotrekl
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Stand ◽  
Sweep Net

The clover seed weevils, <em>Apion trifolii</em> and <em>Protapion apricans</em>, members of the genus Apion, are responsible for causing serious economic damage in clover. In 2010-2012, the effectiveness of some insecticides against clover seed weevils in the genus <em>Apion</em> were tested in red clover stands. The efficacy of different products was evaluated on the basis of analyses of specimens trapped in the herb layer of red clover using a sweep net and red clover heads sampled in individual plots. Over the course of these trials, the applications of the products tested resulted in a marked reduction in their numbers (particularly of adults and, to a lesser extent, also of larvae). The highest efficacy was observed with Biscaya 240 (A.I. thiacloprid) and Mospilan 20 SP (A.I. acetamiprid). Results obtained in this study corroborated the low efficacy of the insecticide Karate Zeon Technology 5 CS against seed weevils of the genus <em>Apion</em>.

scholarly journals Comparative study of seed yield and seed quality of advanced lines and commercial varieties of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borislav Petkovic ◽  
Novo Przulj ◽  
Vojo Radic ◽  
Milan Mirosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important forage legumes in areas with acidic and nutrient poorer soils where alfalfa fails to growth. In 2010-2011 years period we studied four advanced lines and four commercial varieties of red clover, which are widely used in the production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our results showed that the variation in grain yield, thousand kernel weight and germination energy was under control of growth. Across genotypes seed yield in 2010 and 2011 was 205 and 223 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest yield of seed was obtained from second growth in the second year. Extreme precipitation during anthesis and grain filling and ripening in 2010 negatively affected red clover seed production. Advanced line DS-2 had the highest grain yield (234 kg ha-1) and thousand kernel weight (1.75 g). Low seeds yields of the tested genotypes are questioning the cost-effectiveness of red clover seed production at this site.

scholarly journals Comparison of buckwheat, red clover, and purple tansy as potential surrogate plants for use in semi-field pesticide risk assessments withBombus impatiens

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela E. Gradish ◽  
G. Christopher Cutler ◽  
Andrew J. Frewin ◽  
Cynthia D. Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Plant Type

Background.Bumble bees (Bombusspp.) are important wild and managed pollinators. There is increased interest in incorporating data on bumble bees into risk assessments for pesticides, but standardized methods for assessing hazards of pesticides in semi-field and field settings have not yet been established for bumble bees. During semi-field studies, colonies are caged with pesticide-treated flowering surrogate plants, which must be attractive to foragers to ensure colony exposure to the test compound, and must produce an ample nectar and pollen to sustain colonies during testing. However, it is not known which plant(s) are suitable for use in semi-field studies with bumble bees.Materials and Methods.We comparedB. impatiensforaging activity and colony development on small plots of flowering buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, var. common), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and purple tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia) under semi-field conditions to assess their suitability as surrogate plants for pesticide risk assessment studies with bumble bees. We also compared the growth characteristics and input requirements of each plant type.Results.All three plant types generally established and grew well. Red clover and purple tansy experienced significant weed pressure and/or insect pest damage. In contrast, pest pressure was extremely low in buckwheat. Overall,B. impatiensforaging activity was significantly greater on buckwheat plots than red clover or purple tansy, but plant type had no effect on number of individuals produced per colony or colony weight.Discussion.Because of the consistently high foraging activity and successful colony development observed on buckwheat plots, combined with its favourable growth characteristics and low maintenance requirements, we recommend buckwheat as a surrogate plant for use in semi-field pesticide toxicity assessments withB. impatiens.

Rendement potentiel en semence l'année du semis de cultivars de trèfle rouge

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The potential of seed production of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the seeding year was studied for 4 yr using five cultivars on two soil types. Data were collected on seed yield, weight and germination. Yields of up to 580 kg ha−1 were obtained. Interactions of the effects of soil, year and cultivar on seed yield were observed. The absence of a dominant effect on seed yield is probably related to the varying moisture conditions among years and the age diversity of the plant population from which seeds were harvested. Seed germination varied among years and cultivars and seed weight among cultivars. Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, seeding year

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