THE LIFE HISTORY AND PREDATORY EFFICIENCY OF RAVINIA LHERMINIERI (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) ON THE FACE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Pickens
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Predatory Efficiency ◽  
The Face ◽  
Musca Autumnalis ◽  
Bovine Feces

AbstractIn laboratory tests, Ravinia lherminieri (Robineau-Desvoidy) larvae significantly reduced the numbers of face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, eggs or larvae (98% mortality), in 100 ml of bovine feces at R. lherminieri to face fly ratios down to 10:200. Face fly immature mortality due to R. lherminieri decreased from 98% to 0% as the volume of feces per larva increased from 10 ml to 80 ml. Although R. lherminieri larvae survived on feces alone, their survival increased 26% (63% vs. 89%) when face fly immatures were added to the feces.

ON THE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE FACE FLY, MUSCA AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Teskey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layers ◽  
Scatophaga Stercoraria ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Musca Autumnalis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Light Precipitation ◽  
Bovine Feces

AbstractThe face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, is continuously present in the field at Guelph, Ont., from April to late October, with peak populations occurring near 1 August. The flies enter buildings only to hibernate, the females doing so in an unfertilized, nulliparous condition. The flies feed only during the daylight hours and primarily on cattle and horses. Infestations on these hosts arc subject to wide daily and hourly variation dependent on temperature, light, precipitation, wind, and behavior of the host.Mating normally occurs as a result of males waiting at particular stations in the pasture to apprehend females flying past. Experiments and observations on a laboratory colony of face flies has disclosed other facets of their sexual behavior.Provided with a suitable proteinaceous diet the face fly can produce an average of 26 eggs per ovarial cycle and a probable maximum of near 230 eggs in a lifetime. Oviposition and (or) successful development will apparently occur only in bovine feces having a certain consistency. Face flies are among the first of the coprophagous insects to reach a dropping; arriving normally within 5 to 10 minutes of its deposition. The dropping remains suitable for oviposition for up to about 3 hours, depending on the rate of drying of its surface.Under normal summer temperature conditions eggs hatched within about 24 hours. The young larvae were initially restricted to the surface layers of the dropping by their respiratory requirements but by the end of the normal 5 to 7 day development period the larvae occupied the entire dropping. Mature third stage larvae pupated in the soil surrounding the dropping.Two hymenopterous pupal parasites Aphaereta pallipes (Say) and Xylaphora sp. accounted for approximately 10% mortality. Face fly adults were preyed upon by the staphylinid beetle Ontholestes cingulatus Gravelle, and the common dung fly, Scatophaga stercoraria (L.).

Analysis of isozyme loci in the face fly,Musca autumnalis DeGeer

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Krafsur ◽  
W. C. Black
Keyword(s):  
The Face ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Musca Autumnalis

Measuring the duration and frequency of wing beat of Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) using a novel tether method

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanayo Arimoto ◽  
Harry K. Kaya ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Flight Tests ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Musca Autumnalis

AbstractThe wing beat frequencies (WBF) and flight durations of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae), were evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 days post-eclosion. For flight tests, flies were tethered magnetically using magnetic primer paint. WBF were measured stroboscopically. The average WBF for one-day-old flies was significantly lower compared with the average WBF of all other age groups for both female and male face flies. Based on our results, male and female face flies require more than 24 hours post eclosion to reach a WBF of over 167 beats per second and continuously fly for more than 10 minutes. Age was a significant factor towards WBF. The present study is the first to report laboratory descriptions of face fly flight capabilities. The benefits of the magnetic paint tether (MagPaT) method are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in the adult sex ratio, male aggregation, and movement of two tropical cloud forest dung beetles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julliana Barretto ◽  
Martha L Baena ◽  
Israel Huesca Domínguez ◽  
Federico Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
The Face ◽  
Male Aggregation

Abstract While theory suggests that at conception the sex ratio should be balanced (1:1), this can be variable across space and time in wild populations. Currently, studies of the environmental factors that regulate adult sex ratio (ASR) in species with different life-history traits are scarce. Using capture-recapture over a year, we analyzed the influence of habitat type (forest and non-forest) and season (rainy and dry) on variation in ASR, male aggregation and the trajectory movement of two dung beetle species with different life-history traits: Deltochilum mexicanum (a hornless roller species) and Dichotomius satanas (a tunneler species with horns on its head and thorax). We found opposite tendencies. The D. mexicanum population tends to be female-biased, but the population of D. satanas tends to be predominantly male, and observed values were not related to habitat type or season. However, the 95% confidence intervals estimated were highly variable between seasons depending on habitat. On examining the monthly variation in ASR for both habitats, we found that it depends on the species. In addition, male aggregation differed between species depending on habitat type and season, and species movement patterns were closely related to their habitat preferences. Based on our results, we argue that comparative population studies of species with different life-history traits are necessary to understand the variation in demographic parameters as well as its ecological and evolutionary implications in the face of spatial and climatic environmental variation.

scholarly journals Evolution and seed dormancy shape plant genotypic structure through a successional cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (34) ◽  
pp. e2026212118
Author(s):  
Anurag A. Agrawal ◽  
Amy P. Hastings ◽  
John L. Maron
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Dormancy has repeatedly evolved in plants, animals, and microbes and is hypothesized to facilitate persistence in the face of environmental change. Yet previous experiments have not tracked demography and trait evolution spanning a full successional cycle to ask whether early bouts of natural selection are later reinforced or erased during periods of population dormancy. In addition, it is unclear how well short-term measures of fitness predict long-term genotypic success for species with dormancy. Here, we address these issues using experimental field populations of the plant Oenothera biennis, which evolved over five generations in plots exposed to or protected from insect herbivory. While populations existed above ground, there was rapid evolution of defensive and life-history traits, but populations lost genetic diversity and crashed as succession proceeded. After >5 y of seed dormancy, we triggered germination from the seedbank and genotyped >3,000 colonizers. Resurrected populations showed restored genetic diversity that reduced earlier responses to selection and pushed population phenotypes toward the starting conditions of a decade earlier. Nonetheless, four defense and life-history traits remained differentiated in populations with insect suppression compared with controls. These findings capture key missing elements of evolution during ecological cycles and demonstrate the impact of dormancy on future evolutionary responses to environmental change.

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