PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Jorgensen ◽  
R. E. Rice ◽  
S. C. Hoyt ◽  
P. H. Westigard
Keyword(s):  
Western United States ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

AbstractPhenological events associated with control of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)) in deciduous tree fruit orchards of the western United States were modeled, using the Predictive Extension Timing Estimator (PETE). The model closely simulated adult male activity and first crawler emergence, although spring male emergence was too variable to rely entirely on accumulated degree days from 1 January for management decisions. Pheromone monitoring of spring males improves timing for control of subsequent crawlers when a biofix of 275°D from 1 January is used.

THE USE OF PHEROMONE AND BARRIER TRAPS TO MONITOR SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) PHENOLOGY IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P.D. Angerilli ◽  
D.M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractComparisons of three isomers of the San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)] pheromone showed that SJS3 was slightly more attractive than SJS1 or SJS2. Pheromone-baited traps were compared with sticky barrier traps for the detection and monitoring of male emergence activity and each trap type produced a different activity pattern relative to both calendar days and accumulated degree-days (DD). San Jose scale phenology varied between geographic areas of the Okanagan Valley when compared by using DD accumulations above either 7.2 or 10.5°C and suggests a trend towards decreasing DD requirements as the insect’s distribution moves north.

MONITORING FLIGHT PATTERNS OF MALE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1403-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Rice ◽  
R. A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Fresno County ◽  
Monitoring Technique ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Seasonal Monitoring ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The presence of female-produced sex pheromones in diaspidid scales has been known for several years, and was recently documented for the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Rice 1974). This paper reports the results of 3 years of seasonal monitoring for male San Jose scale in an attempt to determine how and when this pheromone might be used as a monitoring technique in pest management programs in deciduous fruit orchards. These studies were conducted at the San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Research Center near Parlier, Fresno County, Calif.

Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. [Distribution map].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] San Jose scale, California scale Polyphagous, attacking most deciduous fruits (trees and shrubs) and a wide range of other trees and shrubs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, West Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, USSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Georgian SSR, Kazakh SSR, Moldavian SSR, Tadzhik SSR, Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Russian SFSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Madeira, Zaire, South Africa, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Jammu and Kashmir, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, AUSTRALASIA, Australia, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Cuba, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

scholarly journals Copper Sprays—Effects on Apple Fruit Typiness and Market Color Grades

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 756C-756
Author(s):  
Frank J. Peryea ◽  
Rhoda L. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Cu Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Late dormant copper (Cu) sprays and mid-summer foliar Cu sprays are being promoted within the Washington apple industry as a means to enhance fruit typiness and red skin color, respectively. While there appears to be theoretical bases for these practices, they have not been tested for horticultural significance. Differential late dormant spray treatments of Cu hydroxide (the Cu source most commonly recommended by agricultural consultants) were imposed in two `Delicious' orchards. Flower cluster Cu was positively related to Cu rate, but the sprays had no effect on leaf Cu or on six fruit typiness variables. Differential mid-summer spray treatments of water, Cu sulfate, and Cu oxysulfate solutions were imposed in three `Delicious' orchards and one `Fuji' orchard. The Cu sprays increased leaf Cu, but had no effect on market color grade measured using a commercial color sorter. The results appear to reflect Cu physicochemistry and timing of application. These preliminary results call into question the utility of the Cu sprays for improving apple fruit quality characteristics when trees show no visual signs of Cu deficiency. They do suggest some alternative ways to manage Cu nutrition in deciduous tree fruit orchards.

CONTROL OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE ON HARVESTED APPLES BY METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATION AND COLD STORAGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
A. P. Gaunce ◽  
B. J. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale

AbstractThe San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), was killed on harvested apples by fumigation with 32 g/m3 of methyl bromide for 2 hours followed by standard cold storage for about a month. Fumigation, without storage, did not kill all the scale.

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