ESTABLISHMENT AND DISTRIBUTION IN 1977 OF CHRYSOCHARIS LARICINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE), IN WESTERN FORESTS

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Ryan ◽  
L. J. Theroux
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Coleophora Laricella ◽  
Northern Idaho

Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz) is a European parasite of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), and was one of several species introduced into eastern North America in the 1930's for biological control. Following their release, C. laricinellae and the braconid Agathis pumila (Ratz.) became established and reduced casebearer poulations drastically (Graham 1949). Both parasites are now being used for biological control of the casebearer in western North America. A. pumila was first released in northern Idaho in 1960 (Denton 1979). C. laricinellae was not intentionally released until 1972 (Ryan and Denton 1973), although it probably became established in certain areas earlier (Ryan et al. 1974). The purpose of this paper is an historical documentation of the early distribution and relative abundance of C. laricinellae, made possible largely because of an extensive, one-time survey in 1977 by entomologists of the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region (Flavell 1979).

The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: III. Four new species of Striaria Bollman, 1888 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae) from Idaho, USA

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4920 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern Idaho

The millipede genus Striaria Bollman, 1888 heretofore had been thought to be confined to the Appalachian region of eastern North America, is replaced in western North America by species of the genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941. Collections from northern Idaho show that this is not the case, and that at least four species of Striaria occur in the west. These species are described herein as Striaria aculeata n. sp., S. bombillus n. sp., S. vagabundus n. sp. and S. orator n. sp.  

The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. II. New records and species of the genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4908 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western North America ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Northern Idaho

The millipede genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941 (senior synonym of Vaferaria Causey, 1958 and Speostriaria Causey, 1960) is endemic to western North America, from Mt. Palomar and San Luis Obispo, California, north to southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and east to northern Idaho. Seven species names are currently assigned to the genus. Below I describe ten additional new species: Amplaria crawfordi, Amplaria fontinalis, Amplaria rykkenae, Amplaria arcata, Amplaria baughi, Amplaria staceyi, Amplaria umatilla, Amplaria cervus, Amplaria mendocino and Amplaria flucticulus, and provide new records of Amplaria nazinta Chamberlin. 

High-Frequency Seismic Wave Propagation in Northeastern North America

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hough ◽  
K. H. Jacob ◽  
L. Seeber
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Energy Propagation ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Frequencies

Abstract A key element in the assessment of seismic hazard is the estimation of how energy propagation from a given earthquake is affected by crustal structure near the receiver and along the more distant propagation path. In this paper, we present data from a variety of sources in eastern North America recorded at epicentral distances of a few to 800 km, and characterize and interpret systematic features. Site effects have been classically considered in terms of amplification either within a sediment-filled valley or from a single topographic feature (Geli et al., 1988). We present evidence of high frequency (5–30 Hz) resonances observed in hard-rock recordings of both body waves and Lg waves, and suggest that site effect should be expanded regionally to include structural and topographic information over sufficiently large areas to include several wavelengths of any features that may interact with seismic waves in the frequency range of interest. A growing body of evidence suggests that ground motions at high frequencies recorded at large epicentral distances in eastern North America are controlled by resonance effects. We hypothesize that a fundamental difference between eastern and western North America spectra stems from a combination of differences in the character of topography and near-surface structure. Active tectonics of western North America gives rise to a complex crust that scatters seismic energy in a random manner and results in very effective attenuation of high frequencies. The older eastern North American crust contains scatterers that are more ordered, with characteristic length scales that give rise to resonance phenomena in the frequency band critical for earthquake hazard. We present preliminary analysis of topographic data from the Adirondack Mountains in New York that demonstrates the existence of characteristic length scales on the order of up to 1–3 kilometers. Features with these length scales will effectively scatter energy at frequencies in the 1 to 10 Hz range.

scholarly journals Temporal Asynchrony of Adult Emergence Between Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Predators of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), with Implications for Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Alex N Neidermeier ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Nathan P Havill ◽  
Kimberly F Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Two species of silver fly, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), from the Pacific Northwest region of North America have been identified as potential biological control agents of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) in eastern North America. The two predators are collectively synchronized with A. tsugae development. To determine whether adult emergence of the two species of silver fly are also synchronized with one another, we collected adult Leucopis which emerged from A. tsugae-infested western hemlock [Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] from four sites in the Pacific Northwest over a 29-d period. Specimens were collected twice daily in the laboratory and identified to species using DNA barcoding. The study found that more adult Leucopis were collected in the evening than the morning. Additionally, the daily emergences of adults over the 29-d sampling period exhibited sinusoidal-like fluctuations of peak abundance of each species, lending evidence to a pattern of temporal partitioning. This pattern could have logistical implications for their use as biological control agents in eastern North America, namely the need to release both species for maximum efficacy in decreasing A. tsugae populations.

REVISION OF SOME DIMERIELLA AND DIMEROSPORIUM PARASITES OF CONIFERS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Abies Amabilis ◽  
Conifer Needles ◽  
Tsuga Mertensiana

Study of the type of Dimerosporium balsamicola (Peck) Ell. & Ev. (≡ Meliola balsamicola Peck) revealed that this species is a melioline hyperparasite. The fungus is transferred to Dimerium, redescribed, illustrated, and distinguished from Phacocryptopus nudus (Peck) Petrak, Asterina sp., and from Epipolaeum abietis (Dearness) n. comb. (≡ Dimerosporium abietis Dearness), which also occur on Abies in North America. In all, four species of Epipolaeum that occur on conifer needles are treated: Epipolaeum abietis on Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. and Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forb. in western North America, on Abies alba Mill. in France, and on Keteleeria davidiana Beiss. in Formosa; Epipolaeum tsugae (Dearness) n. comb. on Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. in eastern North America, and on Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. and Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. in western North America; Epipolaeum pseudotsugae (V. M. Miller & Bonar) n. comb. on Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton from western North America; Epipolaeum terrieri (Petrak in Terrier) n. comb. on Abies alba in Switzerland.

EVIDENCE FOR MORTALITY IN ADDITION TO SUCCESSFUL PARASITISM OF NEEDLEMINING LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) LARVAE BY AGATHIS PUMILA (RATZ.) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035-1036
Author(s):  
R.B. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Coleophora Laricella ◽  
Insect Parasites

In an attempt to control the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hübner), in western North America with biological agents, insect parasites from Europe and Japan were introduced (Denton 1972, 1979; Ryan et al. 1987). The braconid Agathis pumila (Ratz.) has become widely established and apparently has been responsible for markedly reduced casebearer densities (Ryan 1983, 1986; Ryan et al. 1987). Parasitization by it in many research plots reached 80-95% (unpublished data), then declined following reductions in the casebearer populations in a typically delayed density-dependent manner. I present here a partial explanation for why casebearer densities declined so drastically, to levels even lower than could perhaps be explained by parasitization at such high levels.

The Galium trifidum group (Galium sect. Aparinoides, Rubiaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1911-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Puff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Classification ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

By using morphology, karyology, pollen size, leaf flavonoids, ecological observations, and modification experiments, a new classification of the Galium trifidum group is proposed. Nine taxa in five species are recognized: (1) G. tinctorium, with ssp. tinctorium and sap. floridanum (new comb.) in eastern North America; (2) G. brevipes, a rare species centered in the Great Lakes region; (3) G. trifidum, with ssp. trifidum in northern North America. Asia, and Europe, ssp. columbianum (new comb.) in (north)western North America and (north)eastern Asia, and ssp. subbiflorum (new comb.) and ssp. halophilum (new comb.) in northern North America; (4) G. innocuum in southeastern Asia; (5) G. karakulense in central Asia.New chromosome counts of n = 12 and 2n = 24 are reported for G. tinctorium ssp. tinctorium and ssp. floridanum; and G. trifidum ssp. trifidum, ssp. columbianum, and ssp. subbiflorum.

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