THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMBRYO COUNTS AND SUCTION TRAP CATCHES TO POPULATIONS DYNAMICS OF MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON TOMATOES IN ONTARIO

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Populations Dynamics

AbstractThe number of large embryos in adult Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) was investigated in 1974–77 as a means of forecasting population trends on field tomatoes. In an incubator the embryo count (e) of apterae and alatae was related to the daily birthrate (N) by the equation N = 0.45 e + 0.33, except in the first 4 days of adult life of the apterae. On field plots of tomatoes, e was only satisfactory for forecasting population trends in 1 of 4 years of observations. This probably occurred because the adults were mainly apterae. The relationship between flights of alatae and populations on tomatoes appeared to differ from year to year. In 1974 the number of alatae in large populations in tomato plots was more closely related to the number of alatae trapped in flight with a suction trap in the week after than in the week before the tomatoes were sampled, suggesting many alatae were leaving the tomatoes. In 1975–77, populations on tomatoes were low and the number of alatae on the plots was more closely related to suction trap catches in the week before than in the week after the counts on tomatoes, suggesting many of the alatae on the plots had recently arrived there. The percentage of alatae among adults on field tomatoes declined with days from planting each year. Red forms always constituted ≥ 50% of populations on tomatoes and in flights, the rest being green.

Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J.D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops

Mourning or early inadequate care? Reexamining the relationship of maternal loss in childhood with adult depression and anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Bifulco ◽  
Tirrill Harris ◽  
George W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Early Death ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTwo population enquiries in Walthamstow and Islington, London, have shown that loss of the mother before the age of 17 years, either by death or separation for a year or more, doubles the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders among adult women. Furthermore, there was a particularly high rate of adult depression among those whose mothers died before they were 6 years old, and this was associated with a measure of childhood helplessness. There was no such link of either adult disorder or childhood helplessness with age at loss under 6 years for those losing a mother by separation. Two possible explanations were explored for these contrasting results. That concerning the adequacy of mourning of the mother's death received no support. However, evidence indicated that experience with the mother before the loss (usually affected by ongoing illness) explained the link of adult depression or anxiety with her early death. The failure of age at loss to relate in the separation group was probably due to the fact that among them age of separation was not a good indication of the quality of maternal care before age 6. Indirect evidence emerged which suggested that quality of early attachment (before age 6) to the natural mother before any loss relates to childhood helplessness. This in turn relates to a higher risk of disorder in adult life.

A stabilizing interaction between the founder effect and interdeme mixing in competing populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Gibo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Predation Pressure

Population cages with Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans in competition were maintained under high predation pressure. The cages were established under three different conditions. One group of cages was started with a large population (150 adults) of each species. In these cages D. melanogaster was quickly depressed to low levels by D. simulans. A second group of cages was established with a small population (15 adults) of each species. These cages showed a great deal of diversity of both population size and dominant species. The third group of cages was established by mixing the populations of the cages of the second group and redistributing this mixed population among separate cages. In this last group of cages, the D. simulans population resembled those observed in the cages started with large populations, but the D. melanogaster populations had changed. Instead of being depressed to extinction, D. melanogaster was observed to maintain an apparently stable population. Interspecific competition between the two species appeared to have been reduced. The relationship of these results to the founder effect, interdeme mixing, and rapid changes in competitive relationships is discussed.

Work and Love: Their Relationship in Adulthood

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharan B. Merriam ◽  
M. Carolyn Clark
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Recent Attention

The ability to work and to love, according to Freud, is what defines a healthy adult. Work and love have been studied extensively, but usually separately, although recent attention has been given to how to balance the two. There has been little research, however, that focuses on the relationship of one domain to the other. The purpose of this study was to uncover the ways in which work and love relate in adult life. Qualitative data were collected from 405 adults who charted their assessment, by year, of their work and loverelated life events. These data were augmented with data from 19 in-depth interviews. Three distinct relational patterns (parallel, steady/fluctuating, and divergent) of work and love were uncovered.

The relationship between light- and suction-trap catches of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and the adjustment of light-trap catches to allow for variation in moonlight

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Background Illumination ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAnalysis of catches of Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) in a light-trap and a suction trap at Rothamsted, southern England, showed that the light-trap catch varied as predicted from a model proposed to describe the functioning of a light-trap: catch = constant × , where W = trap illumination and I = background illumination. After adjustment to allow for changes in illumination during the flight period of C. carnea, the light-trap catch was very similar to the suction-trap catch. For C. carnea, a light-trap provides as unbiased a sample as a suction trap, but because of variation in trap effectiveness with variation in illumination, light-trap catches obscure changes in activity and abundance. Although similar studies are desirable to confirm this for other species, it is suggested that in light-trap studies catches should be adjusted to allow for changes in illumination during flight or trapping periods.

scholarly journals Relationship of psychosocial adversity to depressive symptoms and self-harm in young homeless people

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Balamurugan Nambi ◽  
Pallab Majumder ◽  
Panos Vostanis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

An increased incidence of psychiatric disorders has been reported in homeless young people. These disorders are often related to their childhood experience of trauma, although less is known about how secondary traumatic experiences while being homeless affect psychopathology. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between life adversities – living on the street, physical and sexual abuse (during both childhood and young adult life) and substance misuse – and depressive symptoms and self-harm among homeless young people.

scholarly journals Local variation in cereal aphid flight activity in Canterbury

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
G.O. Lankin ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
G.R. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Local Variation ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

Autumnwinter flight activity of aphids vectors of barley and cereal YDV measured in 75 m high suction traps was compared from four sites in Canterbury between 19972003 For weekly trap catches the relationship between traps was usually poor (R2lt;064) except for Rokeby and Courtenay (R2089) These relationships improved (R2gt;075) when combining weekly into monthly seasonal (AprilJuly) and winter (JuneJuly only) values except for the monthly comparisons with Hilton (R2lt;054) In general suction trap catches at Hilton were most dissimilar from other traps Courtenay and Rokeby were the most similar Internet usage in 2003 indicated that users were least interested in the Courtenay trap data This analysis suggests that not all suction traps are needed to provide useful information to cereal farmers However the utility of a particular trap is also influenced by its use for other aphid pest/crop combinations

scholarly journals Survival of Human Ovarian Follicles from Fetal to Adult Life: Apoptosis, Apoptosis-Related Proteins, and Transcription Factor GATA-41

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 3421-3429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi E. Vaskivuo ◽  
Mikko Anttonen ◽  
Riitta Herva ◽  
Håkan Billig ◽  
Marinus Dorland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Human Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The majority of oocytes present in fetal ovaries are depleted before birth, and only about 400 will ovulate during the normal fertile life span. Studies on animals have shown that apoptosis is the mechanism behind oocyte depletion and follicular atresia. In the present study, we investigated the extent and localization of apoptosis in human fetal (aged 13–40 weeks) and adult ovaries. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins, bcl-2 and bax, and the relationship of transcription factor GATA-4 were studied. Apoptosis was found in ovarian follicles throughout fetal and adult life. During fetal development, apoptosis was localized mainly to primary oocytes and was highest between weeks 14–28, decreasing thereafter toward term. Expression of bcl-2 was observed only in the youngest fetal ovaries (weeks 13–14), and bax was present in the ovaries throughout the entire fetal period. In adult ovaries, apoptosis was detected in granulosa cells of secondary and antral follicles, and Bcl-2 and bax were expressed from primary follicles onwards. During fetal ovarian development, GATA-4 messenger RNA and protein were localized to the granulosa cells, with expression being highest in the youngest ovaries and decreasing somewhat toward term. The expression pattern of GATA-4 suggests that it may be involved in the mechanisms protecting granulosa cells from apoptosis from fetal to adult life. The results indicate that depletion of ovarian follicles in the human fetus occurs through intrinsic mechanisms of apoptosis in oocytes, and later in adult life the survival of growing follicles may be primarily determined by granulosa cell apoptosis.

Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. II.* Effects on plant water relations

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
M Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Plots

We studied cultivar and drought effects on the water relations of a large set of cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum), triticale (X Tritosecale Wittmack) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), grown in field plots in north-western Mexico in the presence and absence of simulated late drought. Leaf water potential (Ψ) and osmotic potential (π), and leaf permeability (LP) to viscous air flow were measured between 1000 and 1600 hours on many dates; leaf turgor potential (p) was calculated. Drought caused associated reductions in Ψ, π and LP. Cultivar effects on these variables were usually significant on given dates, and reasonably consistent between dates and drought intensities in the case of Ψ, but less so for π and LP. There were consistent positive phenotypic correlations between Ψ and LP, and Ψ and anthesis date, and a negative correlation between Ψ and stature in the absence of drought. The relationship of LP to Ψ for different cultivars differed significantly: in particular, tall bread wheats had lower LP than dwarf cultivars at high values of Ψ, whereas at low Ψ they had higher LP than the dwarf cultivars. There was general osmotic adjustment, and a tendency for the relationship of p to Ψ to vary between cultivars. Irrespective of statistical significance, the effects of cultivar were generally small relative to those of drought intensity.

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