SAMPLING LOW DENSITY SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATIONS FOR ISOZYME ANALYSIS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Qualitative Changes

A convenient and efficient method of determining if qualitative changes are associated with changes in density of insect populations is to search for changes in isozyme frequencies (Stock and Guenther 1979). However, obtaining sufficient material for analysis of low density populations presents a problem. We have found that the use of sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone is an efficient and practical method of surmounting this problem.

scholarly journals An Easy and Practical Method for Detection and Estimation of Microcrystalline Cellulose in Pasteurized Milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-663
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Ling Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Cellulase Hydrolysis

Abstract Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is suspected to be a new adulteration in pasteurized milk in China, yet an efficient method for MCC detection in dairy has not been established. This study presents a novel procedure to detect and estimate MCC in pasteurized milk using dialysis, cellulase hydrolysis, and a reducing sugar assay. The background value of reducing sugar was eliminated by dialysis, and cellulase activity toward MCC was stable in dialyzed milk. A criterion for MCC detection and an empirical formula for MCC estimation were summarized based on the reducing sugar variation after hydrolysis. The detection sensitivity was below 0.5 g/L. Reducing sugar distribution after cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis was examined by HPLC, and revealed that most of the detected sugar was glucose. This paper describes a practical method for detection of MCC in pasteurized milk that might benefit dairy QC.

ESTIMATING NUMBER OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM EGGS FROM EGG MASS MEASUREMENTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. E. Harris ◽  
A. F. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, periodically attacks Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) in British Columbia, causing mortality, deformity, and growth loss. Insect populations are assessed annually by the Canadian Forestry Service's Forest Insect and Disease Survey, by branch sampling for egg mass densities; predictions of population trends and damage are based on these assessments. Eggs, laid in rows in masses affixed to needles, are a preferred stage to sample because they are easily collected, remain fixed in numbers for an extended period, and precede damage by sufficient time to plan suppression or other programs. Numbers of masses alone, however, may not show population trends accurately as egg numbers per mass varies. Thus it is sometimes necessary to count eggs (Miller 1957), which is a formidable task. Fortunately egg numbers can be estimated from the dimensions of egg masses (Washburn and Brickell 1973). In this study, we determined the relationship between egg numbers and egg mass length and number of rows for samples from Douglas-fir stands frequently affected by spruce budworm throughout British Columbia. Data were collected over 3 years, 1977-79, during which time budworm populations were in a period of decline.

Prothrombinase enhancement through quantitative and qualitative changes affecting very low density lipoprotein in complex with C-reactive protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (03) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dennis ◽  
Colin Downey ◽  
Nicole Brufatto ◽  
Michael Nesheim ◽  
Ken Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Biphasic Waveform ◽  
Prothrombinase Activity ◽  
Qualitative Changes

SummaryThe biphasic waveform that can predict for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is due to the formation of a calcium-dependent complex between C reactive protein (CRP) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). As thrombin generation is pivotal to DIC, this aspect has been specifically investigated and the VLDL component has been found to increase prothrombinase activity via both quantitative and qualitative changes. The specific prothrombinase activity of VLDL from patients manifesting the biphasic waveform was 2.5 times that of normal individuals or critically ill patients without the biphasic waveform. This activity was due to an increase in anionic phospholipid surfaces that could be inhibited with excess annexin V and which was dependent on structurally intact apolipoprotein B.The qualitative change appeared to be due to a deficiency of phosphatidylethanolamine inVLDL from patients with the biphasic waveform.The functional consequence of this enhanced prothrombinase activity was an increased procoagulant effect in plasma. Using a modified activated partial thromboplastin time assay, the mean normal clot time decreased significantly when VLDL from patients with biphasic waveforms was substituted.These results indicate that VLDL derived from patients with the biphasic waveform can enhance thrombin procoagulant activity. As the CRP-VLDL complex exists in vivo, it could have a pathogenic role in disseminating the process of intravascular coagulation.

Reproductive Biology and Behavior of Tranosema rostrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasitoid of Low-Density Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lukas Seehausen ◽  
Myriam Labrecque ◽  
Véronique Martel ◽  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Amany Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Low Density ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Computerized stimuli for studying oddity effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khia E Dobbinson ◽  
Paul A Skarratt ◽  
Lesley J Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Oddity Effect ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Group Member

Abstract Visually hunting predators must overcome the challenges that prey groups present. One such challenge is the confusion effect where an overburdened visual system means predators are unable to successfully target prey. A strategy to overcome confusion is the targeting of distinct, or odd, individuals (the oddity effect). In live prey experiments, manipulation of group member phenotypes can be challenging and prey may differ on more than the single feature one intends to define as odd. The use of highly controllable computerized stimuli to study predator–prey interactions is increasingly popular in the field of behavioral ecology. However, to our knowledge, the validity of computerized stimuli to study the oddity effect has not been established. Predator choice experiments were conducted using naive stickleback predators to ascertain whether the oddity effect could be demonstrated in the absence of live prey. We found evidence for both the oddity effect and preferential targeting of group edges and low-density regions, as would be predicted if predators targeted prey individuals to minimize confusion. The oddity effect was evident at a low threshold, above which dots were no longer perceived as odd and no longer attacked more often than expected by chance. We conclude that computerized stimuli are an improved, practical method for studying oddity effects while further validating the use of similar methods for studying other aspects of visual predation. In addition to higher control of “prey” appearance, the replacement of live prey animals with digital stimuli is ethically beneficial and reusing code improves experimental efficiency.

scholarly journals Mining Similar Traces of Entities on Web

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Xinyan Huang ◽  
Xinjun Wang ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Sliding Windows ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Synthetic Datasets

Abstract Events about entities have been widely collected on Web, allowing us to analyze how peer entities interact and learn the relationships that exist among the entities. In this paper we investigate similar traces that have not been adequately studied so far. Intuitively, peer entities tend to have similar traces. The challenges in mining similar traces are: (1) the occurring time lags of traces are usually unknown and varying; (2) the existence of large-scale events of entities and complexity of the model representing all the events. In this paper we propose a simple, but practical method that addresses all these challenges. Firstly, sliding windows are adopted to filter out the significant events and then find the candidate topic sequences. Secondly, dynamic programming is employed to mine similar candidate topic sequences of entities. Finally, an efficient method is proposed to mine all the similar traces of entities. It is able to mine similar traces of peer entities with high accuracy. We conduct comprehensive experiments on synthetic datasets to demonstrate the efficiency of the method proposed.

Do natural enemies explain fluctuations in low-density spruce budworm populations?

Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Bouchard ◽  
Véronique Martel ◽  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Pierre Therrien ◽  
David Laginha Pinto Correia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Low Density
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