THE LENTIC STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) FROM THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE REGION OF SOUTHWESTERN CANADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Donald ◽  
R. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Content ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Continental Divide

AbstractSeventeen species of Plecoptera were collected from 58 lakes situated along the Continental Divide in southwestern Canada. Four of the 17 species were found once. The commonest species was present in 25 lakes. At low to middle elevations stoneflies occurred in large lakes that had relatively low total dissolved solids and low maximum annual heat content. The distribution of the majority of species was restricted with respect to lake area and elevation. For example, some species were found only in large lakes at low to medium elevation (900 to 1700 m), while others were found only in small lakes at high elevation (1800 to 2400 m).

scholarly journals The size-distribution of Earth’s lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Cael ◽  
D. A. Seekell
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Lake Ecology ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Lake Size

Abstract Globally, there are millions of small lakes, but a small number of large lakes. Most key ecosystem patterns and processes scale with lake size, thus this asymmetry between area and abundance is a fundamental constraint on broad-scale patterns in lake ecology. Nonetheless, descriptions of lake size-distributions are scarce and empirical distributions are rarely evaluated relative to theoretical predictions. Here we develop expectations for Earth’s lake area-distribution based on percolation theory and evaluate these expectations with data from a global lake census. Lake surface areas ≥0.46 km2 are power-law distributed with a tail exponent (τ = 2.14) and fractal dimension (d = 1.4), similar to theoretical expectations (τ = 2.05; d = 4/3). Lakes <0.46 km2 are not power-law distributed. An independently developed regional lake census exhibits a similar transition and consistency with theoretical predictions. Small lakes deviate from the power-law distribution because smaller lakes are more susceptible to dynamical change and topographic behavior at sub-kilometer scales is not self-similar. Our results provide a robust characterization and theoretical explanation for the lake size-abundance relationship, and form a fundamental basis for understanding and predicting patterns in lake ecology at broad scales.

scholarly journals LAKES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UTENA COUNTY

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jurgita Daubarienė
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

Research background.The biodiversity of lakes makesthem important as natural resource fortourism. Lakes all over the world are used as a resource for ecotourism, natural tourism, leisure tourism andtheyattract millions of tourists. The useof lakes for sports, entertainment, swimming, fishing,etc.is of greatimportance to the public.There are 2833 lakes larger than 0.5 ha in Lithuania. Utena County has 35% shareof all Lithuanian lakes larger than 0.5 ha. So this is a very important region of lake tourism development inLithuania.Researchaim.The object of the researchisbigger than 0.5 ha lakes of UtenaCounty, and theresearchaim is to analyse lake tourism development in Utena County.Methods.Scientific literature, web sites, legislation on lake tourism and recreational activities on thelakes and in the lakeshore, ArcGis software programme were used as references for writing the article.There are 1001 lakes, bigger than 0.5 ha, in UtenaCounty. Since thereare a great number of lakes, inorder to distinguish their patterns, lakes were grouped into 7 area classes: 0.5–1 ha; 1.1–5 ha; 5.1–10 ha;10.1–50 ha; 50.1–100 ha; 100.1–500 ha; >500 ha. Articles distinguish the most important criteria of lakestourism development: lakes morphometric parameters, lakes accessibility of roads, landscape structure oflakes. The marphometric parameters, used in the present paper, were taken from the Catalogue of LithuaniaSSR lakes (1964), while bathymetric parameters were taken from list with bathymetric data (1964). Todetermine the accessibility of lakes, ArcGis10 software was used. It was worked with GDB10LT database(updated in January, 2008). The data of lakes was taken from layer “Areas”. This layer of lakes was re-covered with layers of “Roads” and “Railways”. Seeking to assess the accessibility of lakes by roads ofvarious types, search for roads was implemented at the radius of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 metres aroundlakes. The paper sought to determine the landscape structure of Utena County lakes. The distribution offorests, swamps, grasslands, residential areas and other landscapes in lake shores wasanalysed. Theselandscapes wereanalysedin buffers, drawn at the radius of 500 m around lakes. Forests, swamps, residentialareas and other landscapes were taken from GDB10LT layer “Locations”. After drawing the buffers of500m radius around lakes, the area of forests, swamps, residential areas and other landscapes wascalculated.Results.The research data shows thatthe mostcommonlakesin UtenaCountyare small lakes, lessthan 50 hectares (881 lakes).There are 29 lakes larger than 500 ha in Lithuania. UtenaCounty has 69% shareof all Lithuanian lakes larger than 500 ha. Itisvery important for development of recreational activitiesbecause the bigger the lake–the greater the opportunity to deploy it.Utena County has 374 lakes (37%)where you can use self-propelled boating means (area more than 10 hectares) and 60 lakes (6%) (larger than200 hectares) where youcan use more high-powered boats. The water motorcycles can be used just in theAlausasLake.Based on the morphometric lake parametres–area and average depth, lakes, suitable for pikes(45% of all the lakes explored), crucians (36%) and breams, pike perches (18%) predominate.There are all types of roads near bigger than 0.5 haUtena County lakes at a distance of 500m–motorways, asphalted roads, gravelled roads, unsurfaced roads and railways. The research data shows thatgravelled roads (30% of all lakes can be reached by these roads) and unsurfaced roads (41%) predominate.There is a tendency that the bigger a lake is the greater variety of road types within a radius of 500 m it has.Forests, grasslands, populated areas and swamps are nearby the lakes of all area classes at a distanceof 500 m. With the increase of a lake area the number of lakes on the shores of which there are swamps,areas covered by grasslands increase, the number of forests decreases. Nearb the smaller lakes the biggerpercentageof the shore territory is covered with forests and other landscapes. The typical Utena district lake(>0.5 ha) in a 500 m radius from its shore will have the following landscape structure: 60% of grasslands,36% of forests, 3% of populated areas, 0.1% ofswamps and 1% of other landscapes. Thelakes near theforest are important for recreation. With the increasing size of lakes, the areas on the shores of lakes coveredby forests and grasslands also increase.Populated areas are near all bigger than 500 ha lakes and the majority of lakes of other classes. Thereare populated areas having fewer than 20 people near all the lakes bigger than 500 ha, towns are nearby 7%of such lakes.Almost 90% of UtenaCounty tourism enterprises are not further than 500 meters from thelakes. Tourism enterprises clusters are located at the lakes of Alausas, Rubikiai, Sartai.Conclusions.The research data shows that lake area, accessibility by roads and lake landscapestructure are important factorsfor lake tourism development. In large lakes there are possibilities to organizeboating with motorized or non-motorized boats, sailing, swimming, fishing, diving, etc. Recreationalactivities on large lakes are more diverseand attractive than the ones small lakes. Large lakes of UtenaCountyare better accessible of different types of road. Large lakes landscape structure is more diverse andattractive.The small UtenaCounty lakes are more suitable for the development of eco-tourismand largelake (area>50ha)–for mass tourism (just 10%of Utena County lakes).Keywords:laketourism,lakes’morphometric parameters, lakes’accessibilitybyroads, landscapestructure of lakes.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽  
PRAVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Sandra J Nendissa ◽  
Rachel Breemer ◽  
Nikholaus Melamas
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Four Levels

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.

Combination of Carbonated Aloe Vera Drink with Lemon Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefrianta Demu Geri ◽  
Dewi Fortuna Ayu ◽  
Noviar Harun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of carbonated aloe vera drink and lemon juice. This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments performed were L1 (90% carbonated aloe vera and 10% lemon juice), L2 (80% carbonated aloe vera and 20% lemon juice), L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice), and L4 (60% carbonated aloe vera and 40% lemon juice). Data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by duncan new multiple range test (DNMRT) at level 5%. The combination treatments of carbonated aloe vera drinks and lemon juice had a significant effect on acidity (pH), vitamin C, total dissolved solids, and descriptive and hedonic sensory assessment. The best treatment from the research was L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice) with pH of 4.26, vitamin C of 19.97 mg, and total dissolved solids of 14.34°brix. The overall sensory test result preferred by panelists with descriptions of yellow color, lemon flavor, and had a slightly sweet taste.

Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood ◽  
Ali A Kamal ◽  
Ako R Hama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Water Metal ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Better Than

The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.

scholarly journals Effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carps

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Ram Bhajan Mandal ◽  
Sunila Rai ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dilip Kumar Jha ◽  
Narayan Prasad Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Red Algal

An experiment was carried to assess the effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carp, water quality and profit from carp for 120 days at Aquaculture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. The experiment included two treatments: carp polyculture in non-red pond and carp polyculture in red pond with algal bloom each with three replicates. Carp fingerlings were stocked at 1 fish/m2 and fed with pellet containing 24% CP at 3% body weight. Net yield of rohu was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds (0.38±0.01 t ha-1) than red ponds (0.24±0.05 t ha-1). Survival of rohu (84.9±1.4%), bighead (95.2±2.0%) and mrigal (88.1±14.4%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds than red ponds. Red algal bloom affected DO, nitrate and chlorophyll-a, nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids and conductivity. However, overall carp production and profit from carp remained unaffected.

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