RESPONSE OF FOUR LEAFROLLER SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO SEX ATTRACTANTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA ORCHARDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Madsen ◽  
B. J. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Pandemis Limitata ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractThe sex pheromones of Archips argyrospilus (Walker), Archips rosanus (L.), Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and Pandemis limitata Rob. were evaluated in orchards with the objective of developing a method of monitoring leafroller population densities. The sex pheromones were specific for three species but not for C. rosaceana. This leafroller was captured in traps containing A. rosanus sex pheromone more frequently than in traps with its own attractant. The trapping program indicated that C. rosaceana and P. limitata were abundant in the southern fruit growing region of British Columbia and that A. argyrospilus and A. rosanus were the predominant species in the northern region. The traps can be used to identify leafroller species in orchards and to indicate when moths are active which may help in timing control measures.

FIELD EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC SEX PHEROMONE ATTRACTANTS FOR THE EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) AND THREE LEAFROLLER SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Pandemis Limitata ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractSynthetic sex pheromones were evaluated in apple orchards against the pests Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), Archips argyrospilus (Walker), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and Pandemis limitata (Robinson). Significant correlations between spring larval counts and captures of males in summer in pheromone traps occurred only at moderate to high population levels. Correlations between captures of males in summer and fruit damage occurred only with S. ocellana. The attractants for S. ocellana, A. argyrospilus, and C. rosaceana appear satisfactory but that for P. limitata, possibly due to species identification uncertainty and low populations, requires further evaluation.

DISTRIBUTION AND FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF OBLIQUEBANDED AND THREELINED LEAFROLLERS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN AND SIMILKAMEEN VALLEYS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Madsen ◽  
J. M. Vakenti ◽  
A. P. Gaunce
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pandemis Limitata ◽  
Growing Region

AbstractThe distribution and adult flight activity of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Rob.) were studied in the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys of British Columbia using traps baited with the sex pheromone of each species. Adult activity began in early June and continued through September and the two species were distributed throughout the apple-growing region of the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys. In the northern Okanagan and in uncultivated areas at higher elevation, the trap captures indicated that both species are univoltine. In the southern Okanagan and the Similkameen Valley, large numbers of both species were captured throughout the season which may indicate more than one generation. Traps captured similar numbers of adults in orchards with known infestations and in orchards lacking infestations, suggesting that males are attracted to traps in orchards from native hosts in uncultivated sites.

Host-plant range and parasitoids of obliquebanded and three-lined leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Vakenti ◽  
J.E. Cossentine ◽  
B.E. Cooper ◽  
M.J. Sharkey ◽  
C.M. Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Host Plant Range ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Pandemis Limitata ◽  
Plant Families

AbstractEighteen parasitoid species were found associated with obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and three-lined leafroller, Pandemis limitata Robinson, from 1982 to 1984, on apple and other host plants in the southern interior of British Columbia. The leafroller parasitoids included a Glypta Gravenhorst species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Diadegma eureka (Ashmead) and Diadegma interruptum pterophorae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Hemisturmia tortricis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tachinidae). The two leafroller species were found on 18 wild host plants from 10 plant families.

scholarly journals Region-wise analysis of dairy cow movements in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Murato ◽  
Yoko Hayama ◽  
Yumiko Shimizu ◽  
Kotaro Sawai ◽  
Emi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
National Database ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Cattle Movements

Abstract Background Animal movement is considered the most significant factor in the transmission of infectious diseases in livestock. A better understanding of its effects would help provide a more reliable estimation of the disease spread and help develop effective control measures. If the movement pattern is heterogeneous, its characteristics should be considered in epidemiological analyses, such as when using simulation models to obtain reliable outputs. In Japan, following the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic, a traceability system for cattle was established in 2003, and the registration of all cattle movements in the national database began. This study is the first to analyze cattle movements in Japan. We examined regional and seasonal heterogeneity in dairy cow movements, which accounted for most Japanese breeding cattle. Results In the 14 years from April 2005 to March 2018, 4,577,709 between-farm movements of dairy cows were recorded, and the number of movements was counted by month and age for both inter- and intra-regional movements. As a result, two characteristic round-trip movements were observed: one was non-seasonal and inter-regional movements related to cattle-breeding ranches in Hokkaido (the northern region of Japan), which consists of the movement of cows around ages 6 to 8 and 21 to 23 months old. In addition, the seasonal movement of heifers for summer grazing within Hokkaido occurred in May and October at the peak ages of 13 to 14 and 19 to 20 months old, respectively. The observed heterogeneity seemed to reflect the suitability of raising the Holstein breed in Hokkaido and the shortage of supply of replacement heifers and available farming areas outside Hokkaido. Conclusions Understanding the patterns of dairy cow movements will help develop reliable infectious disease models and be beneficial for developing effective control measures against these diseases.

scholarly journals Origin identification of migratory pests (European Starling) using geochemical fingerprinting

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8962
Author(s):  
Upama Khatri-Chhetri ◽  
John G. Woods ◽  
Ian R. Walker ◽  
P. Jeff Curtis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
European Starling ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Natal Origin ◽  
South Central

The European Starling (Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris L.) is an invasive bird in North America where it is an agricultural pest. In British Columbia (Canada), the starling population increases in orchards and vineyards in autumn, where they consume and damage ripening fruits. Starlings also cause damage in dairy farms and feedlots by consuming and contaminating food and spreading diseases. Damage can be partly mitigated by the use of scare devices, which can disperse flocks until they become habituated. Large-scale trapping and euthanizing before starlings move to fields and farms could be a practical means of preventing damage, but requires knowledge of natal origin. Within a small (20,831 km2), agriculturally significant portion of south-central British Columbia, the Okanagan-Similkameen region, we used 21 trace elements in bone tissue to discriminate the spatial distribution of juvenile starlings and to reveal the geographic origin of the problem birds in fall. Stepwise discriminant analysis of trace elements classified juveniles to their natal origin (minimum discrimination distance of 12 km) with 79% accuracy. In vineyards and orchards, the majority (55%) of problem birds derive from northern portions of the valley; and the remaining 45% of problem birds were a mixture of local and immigrant/unassigned birds. In contrast, problem birds in dairy farms and feedlots were largely immigrants/unassigned (89%) and 11% were local from northern region of the valley. Moreover, elemental signatures can separate starling populations in the Valley yielding a promising tool for identifying the geographic origin of these migratory birds.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and temporal trends of leprosy in Uganda, 2012–2016: a retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Loy Aceng ◽  
Herman-Joseph Kawuma ◽  
Robert Majwala ◽  
Maureen Lamunu ◽  
Alex Riolexus Ario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Leprosy Case

Abstract Background Leprosy is a neglected disease that poses a significant challenge to public health in Uganda. The disease is endemic in Uganda, with 40% of the districts in the country affected in 2016, when 42 out of 112 districts notified the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program (NTLP) of at least one case of leprosy. We determined the spatial and temporal trends of leprosy in Uganda during 2012–2016 to inform control measures. Methods We analyzed quarterly leprosy case-finding data, reported from districts to the Uganda National Leprosy Surveillance system (managed by NTLP) during 2012–2016. We calculated new case detection by reporting district and administrative regions of treatment during this period. New case detection was defined as new leprosy cases diagnosed by the Uganda health services divided by regional population; population estimates were based on 2014 census data. We used logistic regression analysis in Epi-Info version 7.2.0 to determine temporal trends. Population estimates were based on 2014 census data. We used QGIS software to draw choropleth maps showing leprosy case detection rates, assumed to approximate the new case detection rates, per 100,000 population. Results During 2012–2016, there was 7% annual decrease in reported leprosy cases in Uganda each year (p = 0.0001), largely driven by declines in the eastern (14%/year, p = 0.0008) and central (11%/year, p = 0.03) regions. Declines in reported cases in the western (9%/year, p = 0.12) and northern (4%/year, p = 0.16) regions were not significant. The combined new case detection rates from 2012 to 2016 for the ten most-affected districts showed that 70% were from the northern region, 20% from the eastern, 10% from the western and 10% from the central regions. Conclusion There was a decreasing trend in leprosy new case detection in Uganda during 2012–2016; however, the declining trends were not consistent in all regions. The Northern region consistently identified more leprosy cases compared to the other regions. We recommend evaluation of the leprosy surveillance system to ascertain the leprosy situation.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTEGRATED CONTROL OF THE FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Madsen ◽  
Wesley W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Archips Argyrospilus

AbstractOverwintering eggs of the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), began to hatch 13 April 1970, and larval emergence was completed by 8 May. Individual egg masses hatched in an average of 4.3 days, but the total time for larval emergence in all egg masses spanned a 25-day period. No egg parasites were observed. Winter mortality of egg masses was only 2%.A pink bud spray of diazinon gave good control of the fruittree leafroller and did not affect biological control of spider mites. Chlorphenamidine showed promise, but trees sprayed with this material developed a high population of the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor, during the summer. Phosalone and tetrachlorvinphos reduced the incidence of fruittree leafroller damage below that of the nonsprayed check but did not provide satisfactory control.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O121 outbreak associated with raw milk Gouda-like cheese in British Columbia, Canada, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Eva Boyd ◽  
Aljosa Trmcic ◽  
Marsha Taylor ◽  
Sion Shyng ◽  
Paul Hasselback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
No Production ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Dairy Plant

Background: In 2018, a Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O121 outbreak that affected seven individuals was associated with raw milk Gouda-like cheese produced in British Columbia, Canada. Objectives: To describe the E. coli O121 outbreak investigation and recommend greater control measures for raw milk Gouda-like cheese. Methods: Cases of E. coli O121 were identified through laboratory testing results and epidemiologic surveillance data. The cases were interviewed on exposures of interest, which were analyzed against Foodbook Report values for British Columbia. Environmental inspection of the dairy plant and the cheese products was conducted to ascertain a source of contamination. Whole genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) was performed on all positive E. coli O121 clinical and food isolates at the provincial laboratory. Results: Four out of the seven cases consumed the same raw milk Gouda-like cheese between August and October 2018. The implicated cheese was aged longer than the required minimum of 60 days, and no production deficiencies were noted. One sample of the implicated cheese tested positive for E. coli O121. The seven clinical isolates and one cheese isolate matched by wgMLST within 6.5 alleles. Conclusion: Raw milk Gouda and Gouda-like cheese has been implicated in three previous Shiga toxin–producing E. coli outbreaks in North America. It was recommended product labelling to increase consumer awareness and thermization of milk to decrease the risk of illness associated with raw milk Gouda and Gouda-like cheese.

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