EFFECT OF THE LIVING HOST TREE (PICEA) ON THE RESPONSE OF DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND A PREDATOR THANASIMUS UNDATULUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) TO FRONTALIN AND SEUDENOL

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer ◽  
P. M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Host Tree ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Secondary Attraction

AbstractTwo synthetic pheromones, frontalin and seudenol, were tested on living host (Picea) trees and on non-host (Abies) trees to determine their relative attractiveness to the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and a clerid predator (Thanasimus undatulus). On host trees, frontalin attracted significantly more spruce beetles and induced significantly more attacks on the trees than did seudenol. On non-host trees, more beetles and a higher male ratio were attracted to seudenol than to frontalin. Frontalin has a positive effect on the behavior of female spruce-beetle attack, whereas seudenol has not. The resulting natural secondary attraction of attacking female beetles creates strong aggregation of both sexes of spruce beetles on host trees (Picea) baited with frontalin, but not on host trees baited with seudenol or on non-host trees (Abies). The clerid predator (T. undatulus) was attracted to frontalin in significatnly larger numbers than to seudenol.

Prepupal diapause and instar IV developmental rates of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
Barbara J. Bentz ◽  
James A. Powell ◽  
David R. Gray ◽  
James C. Vandygriff
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Developmental Rates

DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.

The effect of fires on susceptibility of subalpine forests to a 19th century spruce beetle outbreak in western Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2974-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Kulakowski ◽  
Thomas T Veblen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colorado Rocky Mountains

In the subalpine forests of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, research on disturbances that have occurred over the past several decades has shown that prior occurrence of disturbances can alter the extent and severity of subsequent disturbances. In the current study, we consider how fire history affected stand susceptibility to a mid-19th century spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby 1837) outbreak. Twenty-one sites were randomly located in an Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. – Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forest across ~2000 km2 of the Grand Mesa area, Colorado. At each site, dendrochronological methods were used to reconstruct the history of severe fires and beetle outbreak. Stand-origin dates were estimated by collecting increment cores from 20–27 of the largest trees at each sample site. The beetle outbreak was reconstructed based on coincident releases among nonhost trees that survived the outbreak. Forest stands originated following severe fires in ca. 1790, ca. 1740, and ca. 1700. The 1840's outbreak affected 67% of these stands. Stands that initiated following the ca. 1790 fire were less susceptible to the outbreak than older stands. These findings indicate that stand-replacing fires have mitigated susceptibility to outbreaks of spruce beetles not only during recent outbreaks, but also over the past centuries.

Evaluations of Bole Injections for Protecting Engelmann Spruce from Mortality Attributed to Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Intermountain West

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
A. Steven Munson ◽  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
Darren C. Blackford
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Abstract Bark beetles are important disturbance agents in coniferous forests, and spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the more notable species causing landscape-level tree mortality in western North America. We evaluated the efficacy of bole injections of emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge®; Arborjet Inc., Woburn, MA) alone and combined with propiconazole (Alamo®; Syngenta Crop Protection Inc., Wilmington, DE) for protecting Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann (Pinales: Pinaceae), from mortality attributed to colonization by D. rufipennis. Two injection periods in 2013 (the spring and fall of the year prior to trees first being challenged by D. rufipennis in 2014) and distributions of injection points (7.6- and 15.2-cm spacings) were evaluated. Tree mortality was monitored over a 3-yr period (2014–2017). Emamectin benzoate injected in spring at a narrow spacing (7.6 cm) was the only effective treatment. Two (but not three) field seasons of protection can be expected with a single injection of this treatment. We discuss the implications of these and other results regarding the use of emamectin benzoate and propiconazole for protecting western conifers from mortality attributed to bark beetles, and provide suggestions for future research. A table summarizing the appropriate timing of treatments in different bark beetle/host systems is provided.

Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew Hansen ◽  
Barbara J. Bentz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Parent Groups ◽  
Spruce Mortality

AbstractNew spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), adults of univoltine and semivoltine life cycles, as well as re-emerged parent beetles, were laboratory-tested for differences in reproductive capacity and brood characteristics. Parameters measured from the three groups include dry weight, lipid content, and egg production. Brood characteristics measured include egg length, development rates, and survival densities. Although there were some differences in dry weight and lipid content, females from the univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent groups did not greatly differ in egg production. Egg length was slightly smaller for eggs from univoltine parents, but other measured brood characteristics did not differ among the three parent groups, including the density of the surviving brood. In a field study, re-emerged parent beetles were determined to be flight capable. These findings imply that populations with univoltine broods will have higher growth rates than semivoltine populations. Consequently, the presence of univoltine broods, which is weather dependent, increases the risk of a beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak. These results also indicate that re-emerged parent beetles can contribute substantially to brood production. Suppression strategies can be more effective if managers consider the ecological consequences of brood production from the three parent groups.

Community structure of acorn weevils (Curculio): inferences from multispecies occupancy models

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byju N. Govindan ◽  
Robert K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Mast Production

We tested whether community structure of insect seed predators is influenced by spatiotemporal variation in mast availability on host-tree species. Specifically, mast production and acorn weevil (Curculio L., 1758) occupancy were estimated annually from 2006 to 2008 for individual host trees in a sample of 74 northern red oaks (Quercus rubra L.), 100 white oaks (Quercus alba L.), and 81 shagbark hickories (Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch) in west-central Indiana, USA. Occupancy and vital rates of nine Curculio species on their primary host-tree species were derived using multispecies, multiseason (MSMS) models within a Bayesian framework, accounting for imperfect detection. Mast production of host trees had a strong positive effect on community-level occupancy and survival of Curculio. Mast production varied considerably between years and generally was spatially autocorrelated only at distances <2 km, which likely reduced interspecific resource competition. Derived estimates of mean weevil species richness per tree and community similarity were highest in 2007 when mast production on all host-tree species was in phase. Generalist species compensated for lower survival rate on secondary hosts with higher colonization rates on these hosts during a year of mast failure in the primary host. We hypothesize that differential suitability of hosts as resources for Curculio created a spatial storage effect that, when coupled with a temporal storage effect induced by prolonged diapause common among Curculio, facilitated species coexistence. Methodologically, increased precision of parameter estimates from MSMS models makes it generally more useful than single-species models in studies of community dynamics.

Networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees in Brazilian gallery forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Silva ◽  
Alessandro W. C. Ferreira ◽  
Maria I. S. Lima ◽  
João J. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Binary Interaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species

Abstract:Species interactions have been recently depicted as networks, in which each species is connected to one or more other species in binary interaction matrices. Forty networks of epiphytic orchid and host tree species were assessed in Brazilian gallery forests. The nestedness of the networks was estimated with the NODF index and the significance was tested with null models. The phylogenetic structure of the network was also assessed, by searching for phylogenetic signals in the number of interactions and in the similarity of interacting species. In total, 105 orchid species and 132 host tree species were sampled. A nested pattern in all orchid–host tree networks was found. However, phylogenetic signals were not observed. The results support that the host specificity of orchids is small and most of the interactions occur among generalist orchids and generalist host trees. While the concept of species-specificity can thus be rejected, the extreme alternative – that interacting orchids and host trees are not a random subset of the regional species pool – can be dismissed as well. However, factors other than phylogenetic history may structure interaction networks of epiphytic orchids and host trees.

Organic, elemental, and geochemical contributions to lake sediment deposits during severe spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) disturbances

2013 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Morris ◽  
Peter C. le Roux ◽  
Anthony N. Macharia ◽  
Andrea Brunelle ◽  
Elizabeth G. Hebertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Spruce Beetle
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