EFFECTS OF CONTACT DURATION OF 0.5% THIOTEPA ON THE ADULT VIVIPARAE AND SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Sharma ◽  
L. M. Thériault ◽  
A. Gareau
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Contact Duration ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
The Third

The compound tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulphide, known by the trivial name thiotepa, has been tested against few aphids. Considerable reduction in fecundity occurred due to thiotepa treatment of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Bonnemaison 1966). In 0.3% thiotepa-treated Aphis fabae Scop. a 90% decrease in reproductive capacity was observed by Steffan and Stüben (1976). Sharma and Thériault (1980) tested 0.5% thiotepa on various nymphal instars of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and observed up to 83% decrease in fecundity of those treated in first and second instars. The third and fourth instar aphids were much less influenced by thiotepa. The effects of thiotepa on the adult viviparae of the pea aphid are unknown and nothing has been recorded on the transmissibility of thiotepa-caused sterility to progeny. Further to the results of Sharma and Thériault (1980) this paper describes the effects of two contact periods with 0.5% thiotepa on the adult viviparae of A. pisum and delayed effects on subsequent generations.

EFFECTS OF THE CHEMOSTERILANT THIOTEPA ON THE SEXUPARAE AND SEXUALES OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
M. L. Sharma ◽  
L. M. Thériault
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Partial Sterility

Several chemosterilants have been tested against insects (Borkovec 1966). As a result, a total or partial sterility and decrease in fecundity have been noticed in several insects. Amongst Aphididae, Brevicoryne brassicae L., Myzus persicae Sulzer, Aphis fabae Scop., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) have been tested to determine the effects of chemosterilants like tepa, thiotepa, and metepa (Bonnemaison 1966; Bhalla and Robinson 1966, 1968; Chawla et al. 1973, 1974; Sharma et al. 1980; Steffan and Stüben 1976). In all previous work, either viviparae or their nymphal instars were the object of chemosterilant treatment and up to 95% reduction in fecundity was observed. Nothing to date has been described on the effect of chemosterilants on the sexuparae or sexuales of Aphididae. To continue with the results obtained by Sharma and Thériault (1980) and Sharma et al. (1980) on the viviparae, this paper describes the effects of 0.5% thiotepa [Tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulphide] on sexuparae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and their progeny.

The influence of natural enemies on wing induction in Aphis fabae and Megoura viciae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kunert ◽  
K. Schmoock-Ortlepp ◽  
U. Reissmann ◽  
S. Creutzburg ◽  
W.W. Weisser
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Megoura Viciae

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the aphid species, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Megoura viciae Buckton, do not produce winged offspring in the presence of natural enemies, in contrast to results for the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover); but these studies did not involve exposing aphids directly to natural enemies. We exposed colonies of both A. fabae and M. viciae to foraging lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)) larvae and found that the predators did not induce winged morphs among offspring compared to unexposed controls. Colonies of A. fabae responded to an increase in aphid density with increasing winged morph production, while such response was not found for M. viciae. We suggest that different aphid species differ in their susceptibility to natural enemy attack, as well as in their sensitivity to contact.

scholarly journals Dropping behaviour of pea aphid nymphs increases their development time and reduces their reproductive capacity as adults

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Agabiti ◽  
Roxanne J. Wassenaar ◽  
Linton Winder
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Negative Effect

Background.Many aphid species, including the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, exhibit a behaviour where they drop or fall from their host plant, a commonly used strategy to avoid predation, parasitism or physical disturbance. We hypothesised that there was a physiological non-consumptive cost due to such dropping behaviour because aphids would expend energy re-establishing themselves on a host plant and also lose feeding time.Methods.We evaluated this non-consumptive cost by determining the development time and reproductive potential of pea aphids that whilst developing as nymphs had regularly dropped to the ground following dislodgment from their host plant. Using a microcosm approach, in a replicated and balanced laboratory experiment, we caused aphid dropping behaviour by tapping the plants on which they were feeding.Results.The results demonstrated that disturbance by dropping behaviour increased nymphal development time and reduced their subsequent reproductive capacity as adults.Discussion.We conclude that dropping behaviour had a strong negative effect on the development of nymphs and their subsequent reproductive capacity. This implies that the physiological cost of such a behaviour choice is substantial, and that such avoidance strategies require a trade-off which reduces the capacity of a population to increase.

Adaptation of alarm pheromone responses of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Roitberg ◽  
Judith H. Myers
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Vibratory Stimulus ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Pea Aphids

Adult and fourth-instar pea aphids from Vancouver, B.C., responded to alarm pheromone by either dropping, running, or backing up. Younger instars showed almost no response to pheromone but all instars responded to a pheromone–vibratory stimulus, usually by dropping. We suggest that younger instars respond conservatively to alarm pheromone because they are less agile on the ground and are more likely to die there before finding a suitable food plant. Adult and fourth-instar aphids from the hot, dry region of British Columbia do not respond to alarm pheromone by dropping. This is due to the high risk associated with any instar leaving the host plant where ground temperatures and evaporation rates are high.Clones of aphids contained both individuals which do and do not drop in response to pheromone stimulus. This mixture of behaviour types allows part of the group to exploit new resources while others remain on a known resource.

LIFE TABLES AND INTRINSIC RATES OF INCREASE OF APTEROUS BLACK BEAN APHIDS AND PEA APHIDS, ON BROAD BEAN (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1717-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pea Aphids

AbstractLife tables were prepared from daily fecundity and survival data on 69 apterous black bean aphids, Aphis fabae Scopoli, and 47 apterous pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Both were on broad beans in 20° ± 0.5 °C, 70–80% R.H., and 16 hr light per day. The intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) computed from the life tables were 0.359 ♀/♀ day for the bean aphid and 0.404 ♀/♀ day for the pea aphid. Mortality was not important in determining the rates of increase because very few aphids died during their reproductive periods. Only 5 of 116 reproducing aphids died, all from inability to extrude nymphs which had died before bursting their embryonic membranes. These nymphs became covered with a discharge from the mother which cemented them in place and prevented the birth of succeeding nymphs. The resulting engorged females died in 3–4 days.An analysis of and comparison with life tables of two other aphid species in addition to those produced here showed that the differences in rm were due almost entirely to differences in fecundity. Two fecundity patterns, correlated with aphid phylogeny, were recognized.

scholarly journals Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behavior of the phloem-feeding insect, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yuping Gou ◽  
Peter Quandahor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Trehalose Content

AbstractTrehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development of insects. In this study, we demonstrated that the high trehalose diet increased the glucose content, and high glucose diet increased the glucose content but decreased the trehalose content of Acyrthosiphon pisum. RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (ApTPS) decreased while RNAi of trehalase gene (ApTRE) increased the trehalose and glucose contents. In the electrical penetration graph experiment, RNAi of ApTPS increased the percentage of E2 waveform and decreased the percentage of F and G waveforms. The high trehalose and glucose diets increased the percentage of E2 waveform of A. pisum red biotype. The correlation between feeding behavior and sugar contents indicated that the percentage of E1 and E2 waveforms were increased but np, C, F and G waveforms were decreased in low trehalose and glucose contents. The percentage of np, E1 and E2 waveforms were reduced but C, F and G waveforms were elevated in high trehalose and glucose contents. The results suggest that the A. pisum with high trehalose and glucose contents spent less feeding time during non-probing phase and phloem feeding phase, but had an increased feeding time during probing phase, stylet work phase and xylem feeding phase.

CORNICLE LENGTH AS A CRITERION FOR SEPARATING FIELD-COLLECTED NYMPHAL INSTARS OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hutchison ◽  
David B. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Multimodal Analysis

AbstractCornicle length measuremetns of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) nymphs reared in the laboratory were instar-specific and unaffected by rearing temperature. A multimodal analysis of cornicle lengths of field-collected aphids clearly detected four distribution peaks (i.e., instars) in five different field populations, and there was generaaly little overlap between successive instar distributions. However, third and fourth instars in the spring field sample could not be separated accurately due to the shorter cornicle length of nymphs that developed from overwintered eggs. Cornicle length proved to be a useful criterion for separating virginoparous A. pisum instars in samples collected in southern Wisconsin.

scholarly journals The Phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii (Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) Is a Pathogen of the Pea Aphid

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1956-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Grenier ◽  
Gabrielle Duport ◽  
Sylvie Pagès ◽  
Guy Condemine ◽  
Yvan Rahbé
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium

ABSTRACT Dickeya dadantii (Erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. The sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the Cyt family of insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. The pathogenicity of D. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either by septic injury or by oral infection. The lethal inoculum dose was calculated to be as low as 10 ingested bacterial cells. A D. dadantii mutant with the four cytotoxin genes deleted showed a reduced per os virulence for A. pisum, highlighting the potential role of at least one of these genes in pathogenicity. Since only one bacterial pathogen of aphids has been previously described (Erwinia aphidicola), other species from the same bacterial group were tested. The pathogenic trait for aphids was shown to be widespread, albeit variable, within the phytopathogens, with no link to phylogenetic positioning in the Enterobacteriaceae. Previously characterized gut symbionts from thrips (Erwinia/Pantoea group) were also highly pathogenic to the aphid, whereas the potent entomopathogen Photorhabdus luminescens was not. D. dadantii is not a generalist insect pathogen, since it has low pathogenicity for three other insect species (Drosophila melanogaster, Sitophilus oryzae, and Spodoptera littoralis). D. dadantii was one of the most virulent aphid pathogens in our screening, and it was active on most aphid instars, except for the first one, probably due to anatomical filtering. The observed difference in virulence toward apterous and winged aphids may have an ecological impact, and this deserves specific attention in future research.

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