FIELD TESTS OF ISOMERS OF LINEATIN, THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Borden ◽  
A. C. Oehlschlager ◽  
K. N. Slessor ◽  
L. Chong ◽  
H. D. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Enantiomeric Composition ◽  
Structural Isomer ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum

The aggregation pheromone of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), was isolated by MacConnell et al. (1977), identified as one of two isomeric, tricyclic acetals, and given the trivial name, lineatin. One of the isomers, 3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo [3.3.1.0 4,7] nonane (4,6,6-lineatin), was synthesized in µg quantities by three different syntheses, assessed to be structurally identical to the isolated pheromone, and demonstrated to be highly attractive in field tests (Borden et al. 1979; Vité and Bakke 1979). The other structural isomer, 3,3,7- trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo [4.2.1.0 4,7] nonane (4,5,6-lineatin), was not tested for biological activity. The enantiomeric composition of natural lineatin was not determined by MacConnell et al. (1977).

RESPONSE BY THE STRIPED AMBROSIA BEETLE, TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (OLIVIER), TO THE BARK BEETLE PHEROMONE, FRONTALIN

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-560
Author(s):  
R.R. Setter ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Olfactory Cells

Semiochemical-mediated behavior of the striped ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), has received extensive study. In selecting and mass-attacking hosts in nature, it utilizes a blend of volatiles, including the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, and the host kairomones α-pinene and ethanol (MacConnell et al. 1977; Vité and Bakke 1979; Borden et al. 1982; Bakke 1983; Lindgren et al. 1983). In single cell recordings of European T. lineatum olfactory cells, Tømmerås and Mustaparta (1989) reported no response to pheromones of other scolytid species. However, Benz et al. (1986) reported some response in the field by European T. lineatum to a blend of synthetic Ips typographus (L.) pheromones, although a single attractant was not identified. We report that frontalin, a pheromone utilized by numerous Dendroctonus spp., is an attractive kairomone for T. lineatum in western North America.

A FACILE SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF AMINO SELENOLO[2,3-b]PYRIDINE CARBOXYLATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3910-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Remon M Zaki ◽  
Prof Adel M. Kamal El-Dean ◽  
Dr Nermin A Marzouk ◽  
Prof Jehan A Micky ◽  
Mrs Rasha H Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pyridine Derivatives ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Basic Hydrolysis ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

 Incorporating selenium metal bonded to the pyridine nucleus was achieved by the reaction of selenium metal with 2-chloropyridine carbonitrile 1 in the presence of sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The resulting non isolated selanyl sodium salt was subjected to react with various α-halogenated carbonyl compounds to afford the selenyl pyridine derivatives 3a-f  which compounds 3a-d underwent Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization to give 1-amino-2-substitutedselenolo[2,3-b]pyridine compounds 4a-d, while the other compounds 3e,f failed to be cyclized. Basic hydrolysis of amino selenolo[2,3-b]pyridine carboxylate 4a followed by decarboxylation furnished the corresponding amino selenolopyridine compound 6 which was used as a versatile precursor for synthesis of other heterocyclic compound 7-16. All the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental and spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR) in addition to mass spectra for some of them hoping these compounds afforded high biological activity.

Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557d-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Warr ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Bob Ebel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Low Concentrations

C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.

LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF TRYPODENDRON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Lindgren ◽  
S.E.R. Hoover ◽  
A.M. MacIsaac ◽  
C.I. Keeling ◽  
K.N. Slessor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Concentration

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species of Trypodendron Stephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed that Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin. Trypodendron rufitarsus (Kirby) and Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and like T. lineatum were caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight of T. rufitarsus commenced earlier and ceased before the peak of the T. lineatum flight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period of T. retusum was similar to that of T. lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches of T. rufitarsus and T. retusum increased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenolik dari Kulit Akar Tumbuhan Artocarpus Dadah Miq 63-74

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Indarto Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
The Village ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Artocarpus plant  dadah  Miq.  is one of the species of Artocarpus of the Moraceae family that belongs to a rare plant in nature. This plant is known as the main source of phenolic derivative compound that is flavone compound  in  or  tri-oxygenated and terisoprenilasi in C-3 position ,  and also known as the main source of phenolic compound derived flavonoids, aryl-benzofuran, stilbenoid and xanthane flavonoida, which have biological activity as promoters antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiimflamatori, antikanker and others. This study aimed to isolate and identify the phenolic compounds contained in plant  A .  dadah obtained from the village of Purwoasri, North Metro District, Metro City, Lampung Province. Research stages include collection and sample preparation and extraction, isolation, and purification of compounds using KCV method, flash chromatography  , KKG, and TLC, while the identification of compounds is performed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In the present study, three compounds were isolated, one of which was estimated to be flavonoid compounds based on UV-VIS and IR spectra data which also had high activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells with IC 50  3.1 μg / mL. Based on the IR spectral data for the other two compounds there is a -OH uptake in the region of 3200-3500 cm -1, C = C aromatic uptake in the area of 1600-1400 cm -1 , so it is estimated that both compounds are phenolic group compounds.Tumbuhan Artocarpus dadah Miq.merupakan salah satu spesies Artocarpus dari famili Moraceae yang termasuk tumbuhan langka di alam. Tumbuhan ini dikenal sebagai sumber utama senyawa turunan fenolik yaitu senyawa flavon di atau tri-oksigenasi dan terisoprenilasi pada posisi C-3, dan juga dikenal sebagai sumber utama senyawa fenolik turunan flavonoid, aril-benzofuran, stilbenoid dan santon turunan flavonoida, yang memiliki aktivitas biologi sebagai promotor antitumor, antibakteri, antifungal, antiimflamatori, antikanker dan lain-lain.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa fenolik yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan A. dadah yang diperoleh dari desa Purwoasri, Kecamatan Metro Utara, Kota Metro, Provinsi Lampung.Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan dan persiapan sampel kemudian ekstraksi, isolasi, dan pemurnian senyawa menggunakan metode KCV, kromatografi flash, KKG, dan KLT, sedangkan identifikasi senyawa dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi ultraungu-tampak (UV-VIS) dan inframerah (IR). Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil diisolasi tiga senyawa, yang salah satunya diperkirakan senyawa flavonoid berdasarkan data spektrum UV-VIS dan IR yang juga memiliki aktivitas tinggi terhadap sel murine leukemia P-388 dengan IC50 3,1 μg/mL. Berdasarkan data spektrum IR untuk dua senyawa yang lain terdapat serapan –OH pada daerah 3200-3500 cm-1, serapan C=C aromatik di daerah 1600-1400 cm-1, sehingga diperkirakan kedua senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa golongan fenolik.

Thyroxine, liothyronine and thyroid BP

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
British Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Chemical Assay

L-thyroxine (Eltroxin - Glaxo; and others), liothyronine (Tertroxin - Glaxo; and others), a mixture of l-thyroxine and l-triiodothyronine (Diotroxin - Glaxo) and dried thyroid (Thyroid BP) are all used in the management of hypothyroidism. Large quantities of Thyroid BP are unfortunately still prescribed, probably not all for the treatment of demonstrable hypothyroidism. Unlike the other preparations, it is not a pure substance and needs to be assayed biologically. Chemical assay which is required by the British Pharmacopoeia does not reflect comparable biological activity.

scholarly journals Creation of New Analogues of Natural Phytogormons for Increasing the Yield of Agricultural Crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zhylkybaev Oral ◽  
Alimzhanova Mereke ◽  
Ashimuly Kazhybek ◽  
Shoinbekova Sabina ◽  
Tukenova Zulfia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reference Preparation

Synthesis of new potential plant growth regulators (analogues of natural phytohormones) is accomplished by mixing an equimolar mixture of aryloxypropin and 1-methylpiperidin-4-one under the conditions of Favorsky's reactions. New derivatives of acetylene aminoalcohols - the ZhOT series - have been obtained. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by IR and NMR 1H spectroscopy. Screening of their water-soluble forms, on wheat and barley seeds, two preparations (ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7) were selected, which exceed both the control and standards of known phytohormones, such as heteroauxin (indolyl-3-acetic acid), 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) for further testing. Conducted in-depth laboratory and demonstration field tests on cereals (wheat and barley) showed high efficiency of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7, the indicators of which exceeded the well-known reference preparation - Agrostimulin (Ukraine). The growth regulating activity of synthesized compounds was determined. Processing of wheat seeds ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 increased the field germination of seeds, plant height, leaf area, the mass of the aerial part and the total area. The conducted studies showed that the biological activity of the tested compounds largely depends on the concentration and the best growth regulator is ZhOT-4. The activity of the synthesized growth regulatory compounds has been determined. Treatment of seeds of with ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 increased seed germination, height of plants, leave areas, weight of an elevated part and the total area, weight of an elevated part and the total area. Studies have shown that the biological activity of tested compounds is largely dependent on the concentration and the best growth regulator is ZhОТ-4. Thus, the advanced laboratory and demonstration (small-scale) comparative tests of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 and the well-known reference preparation "Agrostimulin" (Ukraine) for cereals (wheat and barley) showed high efficiency of new synthesized preparations. The use of ZhOT preparations increases the germination and germination energy, the number of spikelets, the mass of grains, the bushiness and the yield of wheat and barley, leads to the accumulation of dry mass in both the ground and underground parts of plants. The advantages of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 are: high efficiency, a wide range of cultures, good solubility in water, low application dose of 0.0001% by active ingredient (1g per 1t of water) or 13-50 mg per hectare, comparable to natural phytohormones, long shelf life, safety, high yield of target products, sequential 3-stage reaction in one reactor. 

scholarly journals Increase of 4-Hydroxybenzoic, a Bioactive Phenolic Compound, after an Organic Intervention Diet

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Sara Hurtado-Barroso ◽  
Paola Quifer-Rada ◽  
María Marhuenda-Muñoz ◽  
Jose Fernando Rinaldi de Alvarenga ◽  
Anna Tresserra-Rimbau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Phenolic Metabolite ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Conventional Foods

Consumption of organic products is increasing yearly due to perceived health-promoting qualities. Several studies have shown higher amounts of phytochemicals such as polyphenols and carotenoids in foods produced by this type of agriculture than in conventional foods, but whether this increase has an impact on humans still needs to be assessed. A randomized, controlled and crossover study was carried out in nineteen healthy subjects aged 18–40 years, who all followed an organic and conventional healthy diet, both for a 4-week period. Analysis of biological samples revealed a significant increase on the excretion of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a phenolic metabolite with biological activity, after the organic intervention. However, no changes were observed in the other variables analyzed.

Radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iodine Monochloride ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract I describe a radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin, with use of a double-antibody technique. Antiserum raised in rabbits was absorbed with Al(OH)3 and heated to 56 degrees C for 30 min. 125I-labeled prothrombin retaining more than 90% of its biological activity was prepared by the iodine monochloride method. The mean concentration of prothrombin in plasma of 12 normal individuals was 100 +/- 29.4 mg/L (2 SD). Prothrombin values were somewhat lower than those obtained by the Laurell electroimmunoassay or by two-stage biological assay of the same plasma, done the same day. The biological values were converted to protein on the basis of 1960 int. units/mg by comparison with the other two assays. The ability of activation fragments of human prothrombin to inhibit binding of labeled prothrombin to its antibody was evaluated by competitive radioimmunoassay. Although precipitin lines formed with undiluted antiserum against all the fragments tested (F-1, F-1.2, prethrombin-1, and thrombin), none of the fragments competed well with prothrombin, even in 10-fold molar excess. Evidently, the structural integrity of the prothrombin molecule is essential for its maximum binding to the antiserum, and antigenic sites are lost during its activation.

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