EFFECT OF A NEW MOULT INHIBITOR (EL-494) ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Uv Degradation ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

AbstractIn laboratory tests on the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), EL-494®, a new moult-inhibiting insect growth regulator, was found to be more active than Dimilin. The EC50 determined by diet tests was 0.205 ppm for the 3rd, 0.249 for the 4th, 0.287 for the 5th, and 0.486 for the 6th instars. Stadial sensitivity was not detected.In greenhouse tests this compound was found to be resistant to leaching and UV-degradation; the compound remained active on spruce foliage for at least 15 days. In preliminary field tests EL-494 showed good potential as a control agent.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AN INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR ON NON-TARGET ARTHROPODS IN AN AERIAL APPLICATION AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sechser ◽  
I. W. Varty
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Mimic

AbstractAirplane application of the insect growth regulator CGA 13353, a juvenile hormone mimic used experimentally against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), did not drastically reduce percentage parasitism in field samples of that host, but there was some evidence of susceptibility. Exploratory sampling of maple defoliators suggested that one species and its parasitoids suffered some mortality, but another species and its parasitoids did not. The treatment did not influence the viability of ant colonies.

STADIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TO THE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR DIMILIN®

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Granett ◽  
A. Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Molting Process

Dimilin® 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea is an insect growth regulator which disrupts the insect's molting process. It has been field tested against eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, with variable results (Dimond 1975; Retnakaran et al. 1976). In addition to fluctuations in many field parameters, innate variations in susceptibility to Dimilin during different stadia may influence efficacy. Retnakaran and Smith (1976) found that larvae during the 5th and 6th stadia were most susceptible.

LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF A FAST-ACTING INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Meridic Diet

AbstractUC-62644, a moult-inhibiting insect growth regulator (IGR) belonging to the benzoylphenylureas, had an EC50 of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm in a meridic diet for the 3rd to 6th larval instars of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens. The effects of the IGR were apparent in less than 48 h after ingestion and there was evidence for some contact toxicity. The larvae were unable to discriminate between IGR-treated and untreated diet. Experimental aerial application of the IGR revealed that at <70 g in 4.7 1/ha (1 oz in 0.5 U.S. gal/acre) it effectively controlled spruce budworm populations and afforded foliage protection. These results were comparable with those obtained with Matacil® applied at the recommended rate.

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVAE AND ITS EFFECTS ON NONTARGET STREAM INVERTEBRATES

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Rodrigues ◽  
N.K. Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Stream Invertebrates ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Paragnetina Media

AbstractIn laboratory tests conducted under simulated stream conditions treatment with the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min at 15°C resulted in 100% mortality of Simulium larvae after 10 days. At 0.5 mg/L/15 min there was 97.6% mortality of S. vittatum larvae after 18 days in water at 10.5°C. Diflubenzuron was less effective when the growth rate of simuliid larvae during the test was slow due to inadequate nutrition, and it was more effective at 25 than at 20°C, but there was no difference in efficacy between 10 and 20°C. Efficacy against simuliid larvae varied inversely with their instar. Diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min was tested in the laboratory against selected nontarget invertebrates. Among the Ephemeroptera tested at 15°C, Baetis pygmaeus, Leptophlebia sp., and Isonychia sp. proved susceptible but not Stenonema fuscum and Ephemerella subvaria. Similarly diflubenzuron had little effect on the perlid stonefly Paragnetina media at 15°C and on the filter-feeding caddisfly Hydropsyche betteni at 20°C. Chironomid larvae (Phaenopsectra sp.) tested at 20°C were affected and the amphipods Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and Hyalella azteca were particularly susceptible at 25 but not at 15°C.

scholarly journals Bacillus Thuringiensis: a Logical Weapon for Spruce Budworm Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Insect Density ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Methods Of Application

Action of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was found to be attributable to septicemia with some enterotoxicosis. Development of a compact economical B.t. formulation, with addition of the enzyme chitinase, increased its efficiency by accelerating larval mortality. Between 1971 and 1975 field tests were conducted in balsam fir stands with different levels of insect density to select the best formulation and methods of application and to identify the major influencing environmental variables. Variability in the results prior to 1975 is attributable to difficulties with calibration of spray systems. With accurate calibration in 1976 and 1977, good results in terms of larval mortality and foliage protection were obtained, thus confirming the value of B.t. for control of spruce budworm.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EARLY INSTARS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO HETERORHABDITIS HELIOTHIDIS (NEMATODA: RHABDITIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287
Author(s):  
Jean R. Finney ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Finney et al. (1982) reported on the susceptibility of the 4th to 6th larval instars and pupae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) to Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks and Hirschmann). This report describes the susceptibility of the first three larval instars to the nematode. First-instar larvae search for suitable sites where they spin hibernacula in which they molt and overwinter as second-instar larvae. Most third-instar larvae burrow within the balsam fir buds. All these stages occupy cryptic habitats to which delivery of chemical pesticides is a problem. Rhabditid nematodes, which can actively seek out a target insect, may prove a more useful control agent under these circumstances.

RESPONSE OF THIRD-, FOURTH-, FIFTH-, AND SIXTH-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), LARVAE TO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
P.M. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Feeding Techniques

Four different types of insect viruses have been isolated from the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), but most research efforts have been concentrated on developing the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as a viable control agent (Cunningham 1985). There are no published reports of LD50 values for this important forest pest. Recently, a LC50 of 483 viral polyhedra per square millimetre of diet surface for fifth-instar budworm larvae was determined using surface contamination feeding techniques (Cunningham et al. 1983). Because the dosages used in efficacy trials are derived from laboratory LD50 values, experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this NPV to eastern spruce budworm. Bioassays were conducted with all feeding instars. Reported here are values for the LD50 dosages for third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae.

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