THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE PERILITUS COCCINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Obrycki ◽  
Maurice J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Dietary Requirements

AbstractThe optimum temperature range for development and survival of the predacious coccinellid Coleomegilla maculata and its parasite Perilitus coccinellae is 24° to 26.7°C. Theoretical thresholds for development (t) of the pre-imaginal stages of C. maculata range from 9° to 13°C. Total development (from oviposition to adult emergence) of the beetle requires an accumulation of 236 heat degree days (K) above 11.3°C (t), whereas the development of P. coccinellae requires 395 heat degree days (K) above 9.8°C (t). To predict the seasonal interaction between C. maculata and P. coccinellae, and to manage C. maculata efficiently as a biological control agent, it is vital to know the thermal and dietary requirements of the two species.

BIOLOGY OF AGAPETA ZOEGANA (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE), PROPAGATED FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF KNAPWEEDS (ASTERACEAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Powell ◽  
Brian M. Wikeem ◽  
Allen Sturko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Calendar Date ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

AbstractWe examined the influence of temperature and release density on the root-boring moth, Agapeta zoegana L., a biological control agent of diffuse knapweed, Centaurea diffusa Lam., and spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lam. Moths were released at six densities (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 adult male–female pairs) in each of 2 years (1992 and 1993 cohorts) into outdoor, caged plots containing spotted knapweed. Air temperature, larval establishment and mass, and adult emergence, mass, and body dimensions were measured. Larval production increased linearly with adult release density in both cohorts. Larval survival ranged from 0 to 100% and was not correlated with release density or accumulated degree-days in either year. Date of first emergence occurred earlier as both release density and larvae per plant increased, but only for the 1992 cohort. Declining resources or increased contact among the larvae may induce early pupation. Peak emergence rate increased with release density in both cohorts. First emergence was related more closely to calendar date than accumulated degree-days. In contrast, peak emergence rates were more consistent with degree-day accumulations between cohorts than calendar date. Adult production increased with parental release density in both cohorts. Females were heavier, wider, and longer than males. Optimal A. zoegana production will be achieved with releases of greater than 1.6 male–female adult pairs per spotted knapweed plant.

scholarly journals Field demonstration of a semiochemical treatment that enhances Diorhabda carinulata biological control of Tamarix spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Gaffke ◽  
Sharlene E. Sing ◽  
Tom L. Dudley ◽  
Daniel W. Bean ◽  
Justin A. Russak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Tamarix Spp

Abstract The northern tamarisk beetle Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) was approved for release in the United States for classical biological control of a complex of invasive saltcedar species and their hybrids (Tamarix spp.). An aggregation pheromone used by D. carinulata to locate conspecifics is fundamental to colonization and reproductive success. A specialized matrix formulated for controlled release of this aggregation pheromone was developed as a lure to manipulate adult densities in the field. One application of the lure at onset of adult emergence for each generation provided long term attraction and retention of D. carinulata adults on treated Tamarix spp. plants. Treated plants exhibited greater levels of defoliation, dieback and canopy reduction. Application of a single, well-timed aggregation pheromone treatment per generation increased the efficacy of this classical weed biological control agent.

The life history, host specificity and potential of alagoasa parana Samuelson (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for biological control of Lantana camara in Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Winder ◽  
D. P. A. Sands ◽  
R. C. Kassulke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Immature Development

AbstractIn southern Brazil, adults and larvae of the halticine beetle Alagoasa parana Samuelson fed on the foliage and flowers of Lantana tiliaefolia and L. glutinosa (Verbenaceae). The life-cycle of this univoltine species from egg to adult emergence took 80-90 days between October and April. The abundance varied seasonally from four to eight adults per 100 branches. Larvae remained on the foliage during development and pupated in moist, loose, friable soil within a cocoon at the base of the host-plant. Adults overwintered and oviposited in litter at the base of the host-plant. In multiple-choice host- specificity studies in Australia, adults fed lightly on Verbena bonariensis and Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Verbenaceae) and produced minute scars on leaves on unrelated passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, A. parana completed immature development only on L. camara among the 55 plants tested. The potential of A. parana as a biological control agent for L. camara in Australia is discussed.

scholarly journals Control of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) in Nebraska with the Spurge Hawkmoth (Hyles euphorbiae)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Forwood ◽  
M. K. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hyles Euphorbiae

The feasibility of using the spurge hawkmoth (Hyles euphorbiaeL., Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), as a biological control agent on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL.) was evaluated. Studies relating adult hawkmoth emergence from the pupal stage and spring growth of leafy spurge plants showed that the plants would provide food and oviposition sites for the insect. Two generations of the insect may occur each year. Winter temperatures at approximately 2.5 cm below the soil surface or in the litter would result in some mortality of hawkmoth pupae. Pupal release programs indicated that protection from insect and rodent predators was necessary for adult emergence to occur. Predator determination using32P indicated two specimens ofCalosoma calidumFab. and two specimens ofFormica subsericeaSay as possible predators. Predator determination using pitfall traps showed that several species listed by Canadian researchers as predators were present in leafy spurge stands in Nebraska. At this time it appears the spurge hawkmoth will not become a valuable biological control agent for leafy spurge in Nebraska.

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