SAMPLING METHODS FOR ARTHROPOD COLONIZATION STUDIES IN SOYBEAN

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mayse ◽  
Peter W. Price ◽  
Marcos Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Absolute Method ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
A Site ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractDirect observation (DO) of arthropods on soybean plants was compared with another absolute method, clam trap (CT), and with sweepnet (SW) sampling during a season-long investigation of the colonization by arthropods of two east central Illinois soybean fields. In terms of number of species detected, DO vs. CT showed good agreement between the two fields, while DO vs. SW showed poor between-field agreement. Proportion of similarity (PS) and quotient of similarity (QS) values were higher in a DO-CT comparison than in a DO-SW comparison. Performance similar to that of the other absolute method, consistency of results, ability to use the method throughout the entire season, relatively high numbers of species and individuals detected per unit area sampled, relatively short time required to sample a site, and the capability of yielding a precise record of important interactions among soybean arthropods indicate that direct observation is an effective method for sampling the arthropod community on a row crop such as soybean.

scholarly journals Distribution of Leaf-Feeding Beetles and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in Illinois and Transmission of BPMV in Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Mabry ◽  
H. A. Hobbs ◽  
T. A. Steinlage ◽  
B. B. Johnson ◽  
W. L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The State ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Cerotoma Trifurcata ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
East Central ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Central Illinois

Bean leaf beetles (BLB; Cerotoma trifurcata) were collected in soybean (Glycine max) fields in 58 and 99 Illinois counties surveyed during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, respectively. In 2000, BLB counts were highest in the central portion of the state. BLB counts were lower the following year, but were more uniformly distributed throughout the state. BLB tested positive for Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in 37 of 41 counties assayed in 2000. In 2001, BLB tested positive for BPMV in 86 of 99 counties sampled. In 2000 and 2001, western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) adults were abundant in soybean fields only in east central Illinois. WCR adults tested positive for BPMV in 21 of 21 east central Illinois counties in 2000 and 20 of 24 sampled in 2001. BPMV was detected in soybean plants in 38 of 46 counties sampled in 2000. Field-collected WCR adults transmitted BPMV to potted soybean plants at low rates either directly from BPMV-infected soybean fields or with prior feeding on BPMV-infected plants. This is the first report of the distribution of BLB, WCR adults, and BPMV in Illinois and of BPMV transmission by adult WCR.

Effect of Vial shaking on Loading Time of Epirubicin into Drug-Eluting Bead

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Yusuke Kawamura ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Taito Fukushima ◽  
Yushi Sorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Vortex Mixer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Background: Although DC Bead has been useful in treatment of multiple and large hepatocellular carcinoma, loading time of doxorubicin into the DC Bead takes a long time of 30-120 minutes. Epirubicin is also used as an antitumor agent together with DC Bead, but its loading efficiency was not sufficiently elucidated. Methods: To shorten loading time of epirubicin into DC Bead (100-300µm, 300-500µm, 500-700µm), we examined the following three methods after mixing the drug: (a) let stand in room temperature, (b) agitated for 30 seconds with Vortex mixer, and (c) sonicated for 30 seconds with ultrasonic cleaner. After loading of epirubicin by each method, supernatant concentration for epirubicin was assayed at 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Results: Epirubicin loading rates for small bead (100-300µm) at 5 minutes were 82.9 % in group a, 93.8% in group b, and 79.9 % in group c. Similarly, medium bead (300-500µm), 40.1% in group a, 65.7% in group b and 45.5% in group c, respectively. In large-sized bead (500-700µm), loaded rates of epirubicin were 38.8% in group a, 59.0% in group b and 48.0% in group c. Agitation of mixture of epirubicin and DC Bead with Vortex mixer significantly shortened the loading time, but sonication did not affect the time required. Microscopic examination did not lead to any morphological change of microspheres in all the methods. Conclusions: Short time of agitation with Vortex mixer reduced the necessary time for loading of epirubicin in every standard of DC Bead.

The Reduction of Bias Error in Transfer Function Estimates Using FFT-Based Analyzers

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cawley
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Analogue Computer ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modal Mass ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Good Agreement

The susceptibility to bias error of two methods for computing transfer (frequency response) functions from spectra produced by FFT-based analyzers using random excitation has been investigated. Results from tests with an FFT analyzer on a single degree-of-freedom system set up on an analogue computer show good agreement with the theoretical predictions. It has been shown that, around resonance, the bias error in the transfer function estimate H2 (Syy/Sxy*) is considerably less than that in the more commonly used estimate, H1 (Sxy/Sxx). The record length, and hence the testing time, required for a given accuracy is reduced by over 50 percent if the H2 calculation procedure is used. The analysis has also shown that if shaker excitation is used on lightly damped structures with low modal mass, it is important to minimize the mass of the force gage and the moving element of the shaker.

Technically Classified Rubber—The Non-Rubber Content and the Measurement of Cure Rate

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Viscosity Increase ◽  
Strain Testing ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The nonrubber content of typical samples of all grades of technically classified rubber has been determined. It is found that the nonrubber content increases in the order: red, yellow, and blue. The chemical analyses performed to determine the nonrubber content were as follows: per cent ash, per cent nitrogen, per cent acetone extract, and per cent fatty acid. The pH of both a slurry of the ash and the aqueous digest indicates that blue rubber is more basic in these respects than are red and yellow rubbers. The measurement of the cure rate of these samples of technically classified rubber has been carried out by means of (1) conventional stress-strain testing, (2) the present ASTM method utilizing the Mooney viscometer, (3) the National Bureau of Standards strain test, (4) a new and more quantitative approach developed by Gee and coworkers, and (5) a utilization of the Mooney viscometer to determine two of the parameters of Gee's equation which gives the time dependence of modulus. All of these methods place the rubbers in the same relative order. The use of the viscometer to determine two of the parameters of Gee's equation was prompted by the degree of correlation between the rate parameter obtained with the present ASTM method and the rate constant k calculated by Gee's methods. As a result of a preliminary investigation as to the causes of viscosity increases at curing temperatures, it was found that, within limits of experimental error, all of the viscosity increase is due to the formation of a cross-linked network, with a linear relationship existing between viscosity increase ΔVc and modulus (at 100 per cent elongation) f. The results of a comparison of the rate constants obtained by the viscometer and by Gee's method indicate that for MBT mixes at 260° F there is good agreement between the methods. Statistical analysis shows that the samples employed for this study are significantly different in their rate of cure. The variance, range, and mean of some of the parameters obtained with the viscometer over a 10-week period are also given. It is suggested that the Mooney viscometer be employed to classify natural rubber according to its cure rate. If this is done, it will be necessary to define the degree of accuracy desired. To determine accurately the cure rate, it is necessary that the viscometer be used in conjunction with a press cure for the estimation of the parameter f∞. If it is not feasible to carry out press cures, an average value for f∞ can be assumed, and then only a short time test with the viscometer is required.

scholarly journals The European TeleCheck-AF project on remote app-based management of atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 pandemic: centre and patient experiences

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gawałko ◽  
David Duncker ◽  
Martin Manninger ◽  
Rachel M J van der Velden ◽  
Astrid N L Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Af Ablation ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Aims TeleCheck-AF is a multicentre international project initiated to maintain care delivery for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during COVID-19 through teleconsultations supported by an on-demand photoplethysmography-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring app (FibriCheck®). We describe the characteristics, inclusion rates, and experiences from participating centres according the TeleCheck-AF infrastructure as well as characteristics and experiences from recruited patients. Methods and results Three surveys exploring centre characteristics (n = 25), centre experiences (n = 23), and patient experiences (n = 826) were completed. Self-reported patient characteristics were obtained from the app. Most centres were academic (64%) and specialized public cardiology/district hospitals (36%). Majority of the centres had AF outpatient clinics (64%) and only 36% had AF ablation clinics. The time required to start patient inclusion and total number of included patients in the project was comparable for centres experienced (56%) or inexperienced in mHealth use. Within 28 weeks, 1930 AF patients were recruited, mainly for remote AF control (31% of patients) and AF ablation follow-up (42%). Average inclusion rate was highest during the lockdown restrictions and reached a steady state at a lower level after easing the restrictions (188 vs. 52 weekly recruited patients). Majority (>80%) of the centres reported no problems during the implementation of the TeleCheck-AF approach. Recruited patients [median age 64 (55–71), 62% male] agreed that the FibriCheck® app was easy to use (94%). Conclusion Despite different health care settings and mobile health experiences, the TeleCheck-AF approach could be set up within an extremely short time and easily used in different European centres during COVID-19.

A Simple Statistical Theory for Grain Growth in Materials.

1990 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mulheran ◽  
J.H. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Monte Carlo Procedure ◽  
Short Time ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Good Agreement

A Monte Carlo procedure has been used to study the ordering of both two and three dimensional (2d and 3d) Potts Hamiltonians, further to the work of Anderson et al. For the 3d lattice, the short time growth rate is found to be much slower than previously reported, though the simulated microstructure is in agreement with the earlier studies. We propose a new stochastic model that gives good agreement with the simulations.

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