MEAN WEIGHT AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SUCCESSIVE EGG CLUSTERS OF EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

AbstractDetailed laboratory studies of mated spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) show that the number of eggs per day, mean cluster size, and mean wet weight of the eggs gradually decrease during the period of oviposition of individual moths. The term mean weight of initial eggs (Ei) is defined and compared with other measurements of mean egg weight based on total egg complement or parts of it. Ei is 6%–12% greater than the mean egg weight based on all eggs laid. In spite of variation in pattern of egg weight distribution among moths, Ei appears to express satisfactorily the differences in mean egg weight among moths and can be used to survey egg weights among populations.Laboratory rearing studies of individual clusters indicate slightly slower emergence rates (seconds from hibernacula), greater survival, and smaller proportions of male pupae in the third and fourth quartiles of the egg complement; there were no differences in pupal weights related to cluster order. There is no ready explanation for this improved survival of larvae from eggs known to be smaller.Implications of these results for the population dynamics of the spruce budworm are discussed. The more stressful conditions encountered in the natural environment may counteract the apparently better survival of individuals from the latter part of the egg complement.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON MEAN EGG WEIGHT IN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
The Mean

AbstractLaboratory studies of the mean weights of initial eggs (Ei) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), show that this value is determined by the genetic constitution of the female moth and is relatively independent of environmental control. Dietary differences experienced by the female during larval development, and originating from different hosts or from reduced nutrient levels in artificial diets, did not affect Ei values; however, depletion of nutrients sufficient to reduce fertility greatly did reduce Ei. Temperature conditions during the ultimate larval and pupal stages influence Ei values which vary inversely. Mean egg weights are strongly heritable and are readily selected for, thereby demonstrating the presence of strong genetic control.

A GEOGRAPHICAL CLINE IN EGG WEIGHTS IN CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN POPULATION DYNAMICS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe mean weights of the initial eggs (Ei) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), vary within and between populations. Measurements of collections from across the range of this species reveal the presence of a cline directly related to latitude and longitude of the collection source. Collection mean Ei values range from 0.219 mg in the northwest to 0.157 mg in the southeast. A similar cline, also related to latitude but negative in slope, is demonstrated for the number of eggs per unit pupal weight. This cline also finds expression in changing slope of fecundity/pupal weight regressions. The cline in egg weight appears to be an adaptation to winter conditions across the range of this insect and should be considered in population dynamics.

Dendrochronological reconstruction of spruce budworm outbreaks in northern Maine, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
James H. Speer ◽  
Alan S. White
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern White Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overstory Trees ◽  
Slow Growing

Using dendrochronological analyses, we reconstructed a 300 year history of eastern spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks in northern interior Maine. By analyzing radial growth patterns from the budworm host, red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.), and nonhost, northern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.), we identified five outbreaks beginning ca. 1709, 1762, 1808, 1914, and 1976, all of which have been documented from eastern Canada. However, little or no evidence was found in our study for the 1830s, 1870s, or 1940s outbreaks also documented there. The mean outbreak return interval in our study (67 years) was roughly twice that postulated for eastern Canada. Differences in forest types, and associated stand dynamics, between the regions may explain the longer return intervals, and consequently the absence of these three outbreaks in Maine. Results also indicate that small, slow-growing trees exhibit a budworm signal very similar to that of overstory trees, once tree-ring series have been properly standardized.

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND SIZE ON FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND OVIPOSITION IN THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1289-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders ◽  
G. S. Lucuik
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Photoperiodic Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Male Activity

AbstractWell-fed, mated female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) show little activity during the first 24 h after emergence. During the second 24 h they lay between 33 and 50% of their egg complement. During the third 24 h most flight activity occurs. Smaller, artificially starved females are much more active, especially during the second 24-h period, when many fly before ovipositing. Timing of oviposition and flight is under photoperiodic control: female flight occurs just before dark after peak oviposition while male activity starts before dark, but peaks after dark, with a morning peak of variable intensity.

FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Duration Of Copulation

AbstractLaboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

A METHOD FOR REARING THE LARVAL STAGES OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemendra Mulye ◽  
Roger Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North America ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Physiological Studies

The eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, is the most widely distributed and destructive forest insect pest in North America. Although much is known about the ecology, population dynamics, and impact of C. fumiferana on tree growth (Sanders et al. 1985), there is very little information available on the physiology of this forest pest. Physiological studies are crucial to the development of novel strategies for spruce budworm control.

FORECASTING THE EFFICACY OF OPERATIONAL BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER APPLICATIONS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), USING DOSE INGESTION DATA: INITIAL MODELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Fleming ◽  
Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Image Position

AbstractSingle aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to control infestations of the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) have had varied operational success. Double applications are too expensive for general use, but might prove useful if directed to areas where the initial application was unsuccessful. This requires forecasts of the efficacy of the initial application in operational spray blocks within 4–5 days.Data were collected in 30 spray blocks in 1989 in a feasibility study to determine if such forecasts of spray efficacy could be made from the prespray budworm population density, N0, and from the proportion of the population that had ingested a lethal dose Bt within 2 days of application, M. A mathematical model forecasting the postspray budworm population density, NF, was derived from population-dynamic considerations and fitted (r2 = 0.48, p < 0.0001):The proportion of current foliage defoliated, D, depended (r = 0.81) on N0 and on whether the block was sprayed (I = 0) or not (I = 1):Only one measure of defoliation involved M in any statistically significant way. The predicted (from values of N0) proportion of defoliation prevented by Bt application, dD, was weakly (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.002) related to M:The large proportion of the variation in efficacy that remains unexplained by the models involving M limits the operational utility of this approach as it now stands for specific sites. The potential for further development of these models as decision support tools for fairly large spray blocks is discussed in terms of improving the sampling plan and including additional predictor variables.Methods are also presented that reduce bias in calculations of population reduction (Abbott 1925) and foliage protection when data are available from few control and many treatment blocks.

THE ANTENNAE AS THE SITE OF PHEROMONE RECEPTORS IN THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Albert ◽  
W. D. Seabrook ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

AbstractElectrophysiological recordings are taken from the antennae of eastern spruce budworm males. These respond to crude pheromone extracts from the females. The pheromone receptors are located along the length of the antennae.

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