scholarly journals RESPONSE OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA, AND THE CHERRY FRUIT FLY, R. FAUSTA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), TO PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE BAIT SPRAYS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reissig
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate

AbstractNone of five mixtures of protein hydrolysate and azinphosmethyl which were applied as foliar sprays (1.0, 2.0, 5.0% yeast hydrolysate, 2.0% corn hydrolysate, and 2.0% soy hydrolysate) killed significantly more apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella, or black cherry fruit flies, R. fausta, than a spray of azinphosmethyl alone which was used as a control. This suggests that hydrolysate bait sprays would be no more effective than a toxicant alone in controlling these flies.

scholarly journals Eastern Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard V. Weems, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
University Of Florida

Larvae of two closely related species of fruit flies in central and eastern North America -- Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), commonly called the cherry fruit fly or cherry maggot, and Rhagoletis fausta (Osten Sacken), the black cherry fruit fly -- attack cherry and cause wormy fruits. Only R. cingulata occurs in Florida, where it attacks wild cherries and is of little economic importance. These two species closely resemble a third pest species, the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh); the adults of all three have banded wings. R. cingulata breeds in all varieties of cherries including the sweet cherry. This document is EENY-203 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 116), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: March 2001.  EENY-203/IN360: Cherry Fruit Fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) (ufl.edu)

The importance of ammonia in proteinaceous attractants for fruit flies (Family: Tephritidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bateman ◽  
TC Morton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions ◽  
Standard Protein

The responses of the Queensland fruit fly to food-based lures were studied, with particular emphasis on the importance of ammonia as an attractant or repellent. Certain solutions of ammonium bicarbonate were found to be highly effective attractants for the Queensland fruit fly, provided they were tested in traps in which the retention of the flies did not depend on their contacting the bait solution. The attractancies of such solutions were found to be strongly dependent on concentration and pH, and mean attractancies more than five times that of the commercial protein hydrolysate used as a standard were obtained. Highest attractancies were associated with ammonia evolution rates in the region 5-25 �l ammonia (s.t.p.) h-1 100 ml-1 of solution; rates above 400 �1 ammonia (s.t.p.) h-1 100 ml-1 appeared to be repellent. The addition of a mixture of amino acids to the ammonium bicarbonate solutions under these trap conditions had no significant effect on their attractancy; but the addition of the standard protein hydrolysate to a 0.001 M solution of ammonium bicarbonate, with pH adjusted to 8.5, produced an outstandingly effective lure, with a mean attractancy almost nine times as great as the standard hydrolysate alone at its normal pH of 4.8. Subsequent experiments showed that simply raising the pH of the standard protein hydrolysate to 8.5 caused a similar high attractancy, which could be due in part to the marked rise in ammonia production from endogenous sources. Protein hydrolysate solutions showed pronounced increases in both ammonia production and fruit fly attractancy when microorganisms were allowed to flourish. No such increases occurred when the microorganisms were inhibited with a preservative. Evidence is also presented which indicates that carbon dioxide is mildly repellent to the Queensland fruit fly.

Extended holding period and yeast hydrolysate in pre-release diet increase abundance of mature sterile Queensland fruit fly males in the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Jamil Hossain Biswas ◽  
Bishwo Mainali ◽  
Jess R. Inskeep ◽  
Sushil K. Gaire ◽  
Dominic Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate

Linking mango infestation by fruit flies to fruit maturity and fly pressure: A prerequisite to improve fruit fly damage management via harvest timing optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 105663
Author(s):  
Isabelle Grechi ◽  
Anne-Laure Preterre ◽  
Aude Caillat ◽  
Frédéric Chiroleu ◽  
Alain Ratnadass
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Timing Optimization ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Harvest Timing

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

scholarly journals Establishing criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Ormsby
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Export Restriction ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractTephritid fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae) represent a group of insects that include some of the most economically important pests in horticulture. Because of their economic importance, the financial impacts of an incursion of tephritid fruit flies into a new area can often result in restrictions to trade. The economic impacts of any trade restrictions imposed by importing countries are confounded by the current absence of consistent and accepted criteria for the strength and extent of any trade restrictions and declaring the end of an incursion. The author has developed models that can be used to establish criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks as outlined in international standards. A model enables criteria on when to recognise an incursion has occurred and establish export restrictions. Another model determines what area or radius an export restriction zone (ERZ) should cover. And a third model establishes criteria for the conditions required to enable an ERZ to be rescinded and the area’s pest free status reinstated. The models rely primarily on fruit fly biology and the effectiveness of surveillance trapping systems. The adoption of these proposed criteria internationally for establishing a control system and responding to fruit fly outbreaks would provide considerable economic benefits to international trade. Additionally, these criteria would enable countries to make more informed cost–benefit decisions on the level of investment in fruit fly control systems that better reflects the economic risks fruit flies represent to their economy.

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Cugala ◽  
João Jone Jordane ◽  
Sunday Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Ripening Stages

AbstractPhytosanitary measures are a major barrier to trade in papaya. We assessed the infestation of tephritid fruit flies on different stages of maturity of papaya, to determine its non-host stage of maturity, for market access. Papaya fruits were collected from Kilifi and Embu counties, Kenya from March 2013 to December 2014, to assess the level of infestation by fruit flies according to the degree of fruit ripening. In all locations, no fruit fly infestation was recorded on papaya when fruits were at the 0, 25 and 50% yellow fruit ripening stage.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) was, however, observed attacking fruits when papaya fruits were at 75 and 100% all yellow (fully ripe fruit ripening stage) with infestations of 0.19−0.51B. dorsalis/kg fruit and 0.24−1.24B. dorsalis/kg fruit, respectively, in all locations. Field cage exposure ofB. dorsalisto fruits of five papaya cultivars—‘Papino’, ‘Neo Essence’, ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and ‘Tainung No. 2’ in Manica Province, Mozambique—showed thatB. dorsalisdid not infest fruits at 0, 25 and 50% yellow ripening stages at the densities of 50 and 100 flies per cage. However, at 75% yellow ripening stage, up to 13.1 pupae/kg of fruits was recorded at a density of 150 flies per cage in Tainung No. 1, and infestation ranged from 4.5 to 136 pupae/kg fruits at 100% yellow ripening stage across all the cultivars and infestation densities. Laboratory evaluation of volatiles emanating from freshly crushed papaya pulp of four cultivars: ‘Sunrise Solo’, ‘Red Lady’, ‘Papayi’ and ‘Apoyo’ on egg viability ofB. dorsalisshowed that at 0, 25 and 50% yellow, egg hatchability was inhibited, suggesting that semiochemical compounds present in green tissues of papaya prevent egg development, although this effect was variable across the four cultivars and ripening stages. Export papaya is harvested at less than 40% yellow ripening stage. Our results, therefore, suggest that quarantine treatment for fruits at this ripening stage is inconsequential, asB. dorsalisdoes not infest papaya fruits at this stage; thus, authorities should permit entry of these papaya cultivars of less than 40% yellow ripening stage to quarantine-sensitive markets.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonality of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) in orchards of guava, loquat and peach

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF. Souza-Filho ◽  
A. Raga ◽  
JA. Azevedo-Filho ◽  
PC. Strikis ◽  
JA. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Tephritid Species

This work was carried out in orchards of guava progenies, and loquat and peach cultivars, in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in 2002 and 2003. Guavas and loquats were bagged and unbagged bi-weekly and weekly, respectively, for assessment of the infestation period. Peach was only bagged weekly. The assays started when the fruits were at the beginning of development, but still green. Ripe fruits were taken to the laboratory and placed individually into plastic cups. McPhail plastic traps containing torula yeast were hung from January 2002 to January 2004 to assess the fruit fly population in each orchard, but only the Ceratitis capitata population is here discussed. Five tephritid species were reared from the fruits: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, and C. capitata, in addition to six lonchaeid species: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4, and Neosilba sp. 10 (both species are in the process of being described by P. C. Strikis), as well as some unidentified Neosilba species. Ten parasitoid species were obtained from fruit fly puparia, of which five were braconids: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and five figitids: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut), and Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata showed a seasonal behavior with population density peaking at the second semester of each year. Anastrepha and Neosilba species remained in the orchards throughout both years.

Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Badii ◽  
M.K. Billah ◽  
K. Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
D. Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Fruit Samples

An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

Locomotion is not influenced by denticle number in larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Evelyn Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Locomotory Performance ◽  
Locomotion Speed

Denticles are small projections on the underside of larval fruit flies that are used to grip the substrate while crawling. Previous studies have shown that (i) there is natural variation in denticle number and pattern between Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) and several closely related species and (ii) mutations affecting denticle morphology have negative effects on locomotory performance. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between denticle number and locomotory performance within populations of D. melanogaster. Despite finding considerable variation in denticle number, we found no correlation between denticle number and three measurements of larval locomotion: speed, acceleration, and absolute turning rate.

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